中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (14): 3694-3701.doi: 10.12307/2026.106

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

丝素蛋白不同制备策略及应用于小口径组织工程血管的构建

杨  磊1,刘信芳1,罗思东1,张红安1,王业杨1,陈为坚2   

  1. 1暨南大学附属广东省第二人民医院,广东省广州市   510317;2广州医科大学附属第五医院,广东省广州市   510700
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-22 接受日期:2025-06-06 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 王业杨,博士,硕士生导师,暨南大学附属广东省第二人民医院,广东省广州市 510317 陈为坚,博士,博士生导师,广州医科大学附属第五医院,广东省广州市 510700
  • 作者简介:杨磊,男,1990年生,江西省高安市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事再生医学与组织工程的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划市校联合项目(2023A03J0266),项目负责人:王业杨;广州市科技计划项目(202102020108),项目负责人:王业杨;广东省第二人民医院拔举专项资金项目(TJGC-2023009,项目负责人:王业杨 

Different preparation methods of silk fibroin and its application in the construction of small-diameter tissue-engineered blood vessels

Yang Lei1, Liu Xinfang1, Luo Sidong1, Zhang Hongan1, Wang Yeyang1, Chen Weijian2   

  1. 1Guangdong Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China; 2Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-22 Accepted:2025-06-06 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2025-09-12
  • Contact: Wang Yeyang, MD, Master’s supervisor, Guangdong Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China Chen Weijian, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Yang Lei, MS, Guangdong Second People’s Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan City-School Joint Project, No. 2023A03J0266 (to WYY); Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project, No. 202102020108 (to WYY); Special Fund Project of Guangdong Second People’s Hospital, No. TJGC-2023009 (to WYY)

摘要:

文题释义:
丝素蛋白:蚕丝属于鳞翅目、天蚕蛾科或蛛形纲节肢动物的生物材料。蚕丝的主要成分有丝素蛋白、丝胶蛋白、蜡质、色素和无机物,其中丝素蛋白的含量占比最大,丝素蛋白结构有重链、轻链基丝素Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ,因此具有良好的稳定性、生物相容性、力学性和低免疫原等性能。
小口径人工血管:运用静电纺丝、冷冻干燥、气体发泡及生物打印等手段制备了直径小于6 mm的人工血管支架材料,以代替人体病变的血管,从而弥补自体血管(如大隐静脉和桡动脉)存在解剖变异、体积小及资源匮乏等缺陷。

背景:丝素蛋白材料具有优良的力学性能、生物相容性、生物降解性和低免疫原性等优点,有望在小口径人工血管中展现出广阔的应用前景。
目的:系统综述了丝素蛋白构建小口径组织工程血管的应用现状及进展。
方法:设置英文检索词为“silk fibroin,vascular scaffold,polycaprolactone,polyurethane,collagen, polylactic acid,small diameter,vascular tissue engineering”,中文检索词为“丝素蛋白,血管支架,聚己内酯,聚氨酯,胶原,聚乳酸,小口径,组织工程血管”,检索PubMed、中国知网和万方数据库中2011-2025年发表的文献,最终纳入75篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:相较于其他常用生物材料(如聚己内酯、聚乳酸、聚氨酯和胶原蛋白),丝素蛋白具有更优异的机械性能、生物相容性、降解性和免疫原性,并且提取步骤较简易。通过浸涂、气体发泡、冷冻干燥、静电纺丝、生物打印和多组合技术方式均可制备理想的丝素蛋白血管支架,并且具有高效、易调节、成本低及安全可靠等优点,但也存在稳定性不足、黏液度高和精确度低等缺点。小口径丝素蛋白血管支架展示出良好的抗凝血性能、内皮化能力和力学性能,但丝素蛋白在应用于临床前仍存在一些难点需克服,主要有以下几个方面:自动化生物打印制造出高精度的丝素蛋白血管组织很少进入临床试验中;它的可用性受到桑叶季节性和地域性影响;丝素蛋白难以在长期保存过程中维持稳定性。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-0464 (杨磊) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 丝素蛋白, 小口径血管, 组织工程, 抗血栓, 人工血管, 血管支架

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin materials have the advantages of excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity, and are expected to show broad application prospects in small-diameter artificial blood vessels.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the application status and progress of silk fibroin in constructing small-diameter tissue engineering blood vessels.
METHODS: The Chinese and English search terms consisted of “silk fibroin, vascular scaffold, polycaprolactone, polyurethane, collagen, polylactic acid, small diameter, vascular tissue engineering.” The search was conducted in databases such as PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang for articles published from 2011 to 2025. Finally, 75 articles were included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with other common biomaterials, such as polycaprolactone, polylactic acid, polyurethane, and collagen, silk fibroin has obvious advantages in mechanical properties, biocompatibility, degradability and immunogenicity, and the extraction procedure of the material is simple. The ideal silk fibroin vascular scaffold can be prepared by dip coating, gas foaming, freeze-drying, electrospinning, bioprinting and multiple combination techniques. It not only has the advantages of high efficiency, easy adjustment, low cost, safety and reliability, but also has the disadvantages of insufficient stability, high viscosity and low accuracy. The small-diameter silk fibroin vascular scaffold shows good anticoagulant, endothelialization and mechanical properties. However, silk fibroin still has some difficulties to overcome before clinical application, mainly in the following aspects: automated bioprinting to produce high-precision silk fibroin vascular tissue rarely enters clinical trials; its availability is affected by the seasonality and regionality of mulberry leaves; silk fibroin is difficult to maintain stability during long-term storage.

Key words: silk fibroin, small-diameter blood vessel, tissue engineering, antithrombosis, artificial blood vessel, vascular stent

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