中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (14): 3702-3708.doi: 10.12307/2026.027

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

静电纺丝在人工硬膜替代物中的应用:多样化生物学功能

李  贺,王  彧,谢子康,蒋  涛   

  1. 南京中医药大学常州附属医院,江苏省常州市   213006
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 接受日期:2025-04-17 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 蒋涛,博士,博士生导师,主任中医师,南京中医药大学常州附属医院,江苏省常州市 213006
  • 作者简介:李贺,男,1988年生,山东省滕州市人,汉族,博士,主治医师,主要从事生物材料在骨、肌腱、硬膜等组织修复中的应用研究

Application of electrospinning in artificial dura mater substitutes: diverse biological functions

Li He, Wang Yu, Xie Zikang, Jiang Tao   

  1. Changzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2025-02-06 Accepted:2025-04-17 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2025-09-12
  • Contact: Jiang Tao, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Changzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Li He, MD, Attending physician, Changzhou Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou 213006, Jiangsu Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

静电纺丝:是一种加工工艺,通过高压静电力将聚合物溶液加工成聚合物纤维,具有成本低、工艺简单、参数可调控的优点,被广泛应用于化学、能源及生物组织工程等领域。
纤维取向结构:是指纤维在材料中具有特定方向的结构,这种结构的形成通常涉及纤维自组装或定向排列,赋予了材料独特的性能和应用优势,包括强度、刚度、导电性及生物性能等。

背景:许多研究将静电纺丝应用于人工硬膜替代物的研究中,设计了具有多功能的人工硬膜,不仅可以更好地模拟天然硬膜结构,还能发挥促愈合、防粘连、抗菌等生物学功能。
目的:系统总结静电纺丝技术应用于人工硬膜替代物中的研究进展。
方法:以“静电纺丝硬膜,硬膜替代物,人工硬膜补片”为中文检索词,以“electrospinning dura mater,dura mater substitute,artificial dura mater patch”为英文检索词,分别检索中国知网、万方数据库和PubMed数据库,文献检索时限为各数据库建库至2024年9月,通过阅读题目和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章相关性较低的文献,最终纳入64篇文献进行归纳总结。

结果与结论:人工硬膜主要分为不可降解和可降解两大类,在修复硬膜损伤中发挥重要作用,也是目前生物组织工程研究的热点。静电纺丝技术可通过结合化学、材料学、药学等学科从结构和功能需求上进行人工硬膜替代物的设计,制备出仿生取向纤维型、不对称双层型、多层复合型等一系列新型人工硬膜,同时还赋予人工硬膜密封、防粘连、抗菌和促进神经组织修复等多种重要的生物功能,使得人工硬膜由过去传统的单纯补片转变为多功能的组织生物支架。静电纺丝为以后开发和研究更加理想的人工硬膜替代物提供了帮助,也为解决硬膜损伤修复问题带来新的思路。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5745-0506 (李贺) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 硬膜损伤, 硬膜替代物, 静电纺丝, 硬膜修复, 工程化材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have applied electrospinning to the study of artificial dura mater substitutes, and designed multifunctional artificial dura mater, which can not only better simulate the natural dura mater structure, but also play biological functions such as promoting healing, preventing adhesion, and antibacterial. 
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the research progress of electrospinning technology in artificial dura mater substitutes. 
METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed databases were searched with Chinese and English search terms “electrospinning dura mater, dura mater substitute, artificial dura mater patch” for articles published from inception to September 2024. Finally, 64 articles were included for summarization by reading the titles and abstracts to select and exclude the literature with low relevance.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Artificial dura mater is mainly divided into two categories: non-degradable and degradable. It plays an important role in repairing dura mater defects and is also a hot topic in the research of biological tissue engineering. Electrospinning can combine chemistry, materials science, pharmacology and other fields to design artificial dura substitutes from the structural and functional requirements, processing a series of new artificial dura mater such as biomimetic oriented fiber type, asymmetric double layer type, and multi-layer composite type. Meanwhile, it also gives many important biological functions such as sealing, anti-adhesion, antibacterial, and promoting nerve tissue repair, which makes the artificial dura mater change from traditional simple patches to multifunctional tissue biological scaffolds. Electrospinning provides assistance for the future development and research of ideal artificial dura mater substitutes, and brings new ideas for solving the problem of dura mater injury.

Key words: dura mater injury, dura mater substitute, electrospinning, dura mater repair, engineered material

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