中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (27): 5897-5906.doi: 10.12307/2025.835

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎间盘退变与椎旁肌改变的相关性及机制

刘家顺1,2,谢鸿儒1,2,孙云凯1,2,李书谨2,3,毛腾飞1,2,安瑶瑶1,2,张  钦1,2   

  1. 1山西医科大学附属运城市中心医院,山西省运城市   044000;2神经医学运城市重点实验室,山西省运城市   044000;3长治医学院,山西省长治市   046000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-24 接受日期:2024-08-24 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-03-07
  • 通讯作者: 张钦,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学附属运城市中心医院脊柱外科,山西省运城市 044000
  • 作者简介:刘家顺,男,1997年生,汉族,山西医科大学骨科学在读硕士,主要从事脊髓损伤的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省教育厅高校科技创新项目(2023L134)

Correlation and mechanism between lumbar disc degeneration and paraspinal muscle changes

Liu Jiashun1, 2, Xie Hongru1, 2, Sun Yunkai1, 2, Li Shujin2, 3, Mao Tengfei1, 2, An Yaoyao1, 2, Zhang Qin1, 2   

  1. 1Yuncheng City Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi Province, China; 2Yuncheng Key Laboratory of Neuromedicine, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi Province, China; 3Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-24 Accepted:2024-08-24 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-03-07
  • Contact: Zhang Qin, MD, Chief physician, Yuncheng City Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi Province, China; Yuncheng Key Laboratory of Neuromedicine, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jiashun, Master candidate, Yuncheng City Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi Province, China; Yuncheng Key Laboratory of Neuromedicine, Yuncheng 044000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanxi Provincial Department of Education College Science and Technology Innovation Project, No. 2023L134

摘要:

文题释义:

腰椎间盘退变:腰椎间盘是位于腰椎骨之间起缓冲和支撑作用的软骨组织。随着年龄的增长,腰椎间盘的水分含量减少,纤维环和软骨组织逐渐退化。在影像学中通常使用Pfirrmann分级来评估腰椎间盘退变,这种退变表现为椎间盘信号减弱、髓核与纤维环的分界不清晰以及椎间盘高度降低。
椎旁肌退变:椎旁肌作为脊柱的重要构成部分,包括浅层肌肉如棘肌、最长肌和髂肋肌,以及深层肌肉如多裂肌、回旋肌和横突间肌等。在形态学上,椎旁肌的退变主要表现为肌肉质量的减少和组织的变性。具体而言,肌肉的萎缩和变性意味着肌纤维的数量和体积减少,同时肌肉组织被脂肪组织替代的情况也可能发生。

摘要
背景:椎旁肌退变是腰痛的主要致病因素之一,而椎旁肌的改变则与其发生发展密切相关。现阶段临床工作者关注腰椎退行性疾病中椎旁肌的变化,以预防和治疗腰椎疾病,而忽略了疾病中腰椎间盘退变与椎旁肌的联系及相关机制。
目的:对椎旁肌和腰椎间盘的相互作用研究进行全面总结,从而综述腰椎间盘退变与椎旁肌的相关性及机制,旨在为临床防治提供
参考。
方法:使用中文关键词“腰椎间盘,椎旁肌,多裂肌,腰痛,退行性变,影像学,磁共振成像”在中国知网、维普、万方等中文数据库中检索相关文献,并使用英文关键词“lumbar disc ,paraspinal muscle ,multifidus muscle,low back pain,degeneration ,imaging ,MRI”在Medline、PubMed、Web of Science等英文数据库中检索。通过初步筛选标题和摘要,按照纳入和排除标准筛选文献,最终选取了68篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①研究者们利用各种方法来评估椎旁肌的退变程度,同时按照Pfirrmann分级对腰椎间盘退变程度进行评估,发现临床诊疗中应关注性别差异,并重视肥胖等因素对腰椎间盘和肌肉退变的影响,以制定更加个体化的治疗方案。②腰椎间盘退变和椎旁肌肉脂肪浸润之间存在一定关联,但研究结果存在争议。多数研究发现,椎旁肌肉(尤其是多裂肌)的脂肪浸润与腰椎间盘退变程度呈正相关。③目前认为失用性萎缩、去神经机制及炎症因子3种机制可能相互作用,共同导致椎旁肌肉的结构和功能改变,这与腰椎间盘退变和腰痛的发生密切相关。④临床上应关注受累神经根节段以下一级肌肉的变化,有助于诊断和定位腰椎根神经病变。同时,抑制炎症因子可能成为治疗的潜在靶点。⑤临床工作中,首先应通过适当的药物或手术治疗纠正神经根压迫,以控制炎症反应和神经根疼痛,然后再进行针对性的肌肉康复训练。必要时考虑采用干扰电流电刺激等新型治疗方法来改善患者的症状和预后。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 腰椎间盘, 椎旁肌, 多裂肌, 腰痛, 退行性变, 影像学, 磁共振成像

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Paraspinal muscle degeneration is one of the main causative factors of low back pain, and the changes in the paraspinal muscles are closely related to its occurrence and development. At present, clinical practitioners focus on the changes of paraspinal muscles in degenerative lumbar diseases to prevent and treat lumbar diseases, but ignore the connection and related mechanisms between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscles.
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively summarize the interaction between paraspinal muscles and lumbar intervertebral discs, and to review the relationship and mechanisms between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscles, in order to provide a reference for clinical prevention and treatment.
METHODS: Chinese keywords “lumbar intervertebral disc, paraspinal muscle, multifidus muscle, low back pain, degeneration, imaging, magnetic resonance imaging” were used to search the relevant literature in Chinese databases such as CNKI, VIP, and WanFang. English keywords “lumbar disc, paraspinal muscle, multifidus muscle, low back pain, degeneration, imaging, MRI” were used to search the relevant literature in databases such as Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science. After preliminary screening of titles and abstracts, 68 articles were finally selected for result analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Researchers have used various methods to evaluate the degree of paraspinal muscle degeneration, and at the same time evaluated the degree of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration according to the Pfirrmann grading system. It is found that clinical diagnosis and treatment should pay attention to gender differences, and the influence of factors such as obesity on the degeneration of intervertebral discs and muscles, in order to develop more individualized treatment plans. (2) There is a certain correlation between lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and paraspinal muscle fat infiltration, but the research results are controversial. Most studies have found that fat infiltration of the paraspinal muscles (especially the multifidus muscle) is positively correlated with the degree of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. (3) It is currently believed that the three mechanisms of disuse atrophy, denervation, and inflammatory factors may interact with each other to jointly lead to structural and functional changes in the paraspinal muscles, which are closely related to the occurrence of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration and low back pain. (4) Clinically, attention should be paid to the changes of the muscles at the level below the affected nerve root segment, which is helpful for the diagnosis and localization of lumbar radiculopathy. At the same time, inhibition of inflammatory factors may become a potential target for treatment. (5) Clinically, the first step is to correct nerve root compression through appropriate medication or surgery to control inflammatory reactions and nerve root pain, and then carry out targeted muscle rehabilitation training. If necessary, consider using new treatment methods such as interferential current electrical stimulation to improve the patient’s symptoms and prognosis.

Key words: lumbar disc, paraspinal muscle, multifidus muscle, low back pain, degeneration, imaging, magnetic resonance imaging

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