中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 5422-5433.doi: 10.12307/2025.504

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

基质细胞衍生因子1在软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用

梁智锋1,2,杨英才2,程千纲1,2,贾永兴1,2,王  博2   

  1. 1山西医科大学,山西省太原市   030607;2山西医科大学附属运城市中心医院,山西省运城市   043100
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27 接受日期:2024-05-17 出版日期:2025-09-08 发布日期:2024-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 杨英才,主任医师,山西医科大学附属运城市中心医院,山西省运城市 043100
  • 作者简介:梁智锋,1998年生,广东省中山市人,汉族,2022年海南医学院毕业,医师,主要从事手足外伤和骨关节疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    运城市卫生健康行业科技项目(YCKJYD-2022003),项目负责人:王博

Effect of stromal cell-derived factor-1 in cartilage and subchondral bone homeostasis

Liang Zhifeng1, 2, Yang Yingcai2, Cheng Qiangang1, 2, Jia Yongxing1, 2, Wang Bo2   

  1. 1Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030607, Shanxi Province, China; 2Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng 043100, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-27 Accepted:2024-05-17 Online:2025-09-08 Published:2024-12-26
  • Contact: Yang Yingcai, Chief physician, Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng 043100, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liang Zhifeng, Physician, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030607, Shanxi Province, China; Yuncheng Central Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Yuncheng 043100, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Yuncheng City Health Industry Technology Project, No. YCKJYD-2022003 (to WB)

摘要:

文题释义:

基质细胞衍生因子1:是一种具有很强趋化活性的稳态/炎性趋化因子,属于CXC趋化因子家族成员,在关节软骨和软骨下骨中主要由肥大软骨细胞、未成熟成骨细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞表达。
软骨/软骨下骨:软骨和软骨下骨作为一个功能整体维持关节内环境的平衡。骨性关节炎时,软骨和软骨下骨稳态失衡,导致软骨降解、软骨细胞肥大化、软骨下骨异常骨重塑和骨软骨界面异常血管生成增多。

摘要
背景:骨性关节炎是一种以软骨退变和软骨下骨异常骨重塑为特征的退行性病变。近年来,许多研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1在骨性关节炎的病理进展中发挥关键作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1及其CXC趋化因子受体4型和CXC趋化因子受体7型组成的信号通路是预防和治疗骨性关节炎的新方法。
目的:综述基质细胞衍生因子1参与调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞及破骨细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的作用,以及这些细胞相互作用,探究导致软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑而加速骨性关节炎病理进展的机制,以期为骨性关节炎的防治提供新的思路。
方法:以“基质细胞衍生因子1,软骨,软骨细胞,软骨下骨,骨髓间充质干细胞,成骨细胞,破骨细胞,CXC趋化因子受体4型,CXC趋化因子受体7型”为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方和维普数据库,以“Stromal cell-derived factor 1,SDF-1,CXCL12,cartilage,chondrocyte,subchondral bone,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,CXCR4,CXCR7”为英文检索词检索PubMed、Medline和Embase数据库,检索各数据库建库至2024年1月的相关文献,根据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入77篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:①基质细胞衍生因子1调控软骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞迁移、增殖、分化和死亡,在维持软骨和软骨下骨稳态以及促进或抑制骨性关节炎软骨退变、软骨下骨异常骨重塑等病理过程中均发挥至关重要的作用,靶向调控基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路有望成为今后防治骨性关节炎研究的重点。②由于基质细胞衍生因子1亚型在组织之间表达量的差异,目前以基质细胞衍生因子1α研究最为广泛,基质细胞衍生因子1β和基质细胞衍生因子1γ的相关研究多集中在探索影响干细胞生物学行为、在调控软骨和软骨下骨稳态中的作用,与骨性关节炎的相关性尚不清楚。③基质细胞衍生因子1能够有效促进干细胞归巢至软骨损伤部位,并诱导其增殖、存活及成软骨分化和应用负载基质细胞衍生因子1的生物支架来改善软骨修复质量已成为软骨组织工程研究的热点;然而,已有研究表明基质细胞衍生因子1可促进骨髓间充质干细胞向肥大型软骨细胞分化,而新生软骨细胞肥大表型会造成软骨内骨形成,软骨细胞凋亡,整个组织发生血管化和骨化,影响最终软骨修复的质量;另外,不同支架与基质细胞衍生因子1组合在修复部分软骨损伤和全层软骨损伤时,再生组织不都是理想的透明软骨组织。因而,未来深入探寻基质细胞衍生因子1在干细胞生物学效应中的潜在机制以及基质细胞衍生因子1与支架组合在修复不同软骨缺损的最佳组合方式将有助于提升软骨修复质量。④目前有关CXC趋化因子受体4型拮抗剂的研究主要集中在AMD3100,T140和TN14003,且绝大部分处于基础实验阶段,有待临床转化。针对基质细胞衍生因子1/CXC趋化因子受体4型/CXC趋化因子受体7型信号通路开发的治疗药物、方法的安全性、有效性仍需大量的生物学和临床试验加以佐证。

关键词: 基质细胞衍生因子1, CXC趋化因子受体, SDF-1, CXCL12, 软骨细胞, 软骨下骨, 成骨细胞, 破骨细胞, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 骨性关节炎

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and abnormal bone remodeling of subchondral bone. In recent years, many studies have shown that stromal cell diffracting factor-1 plays a key role in the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. Targeted regulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its CXC chemokine receptor 4 and CXC chemokine receptor 7 signaling pathways is a new method for prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
OBJECTIVE: To review the role of stromal derived factor-1 in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chondrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, as well as explore the mechanism by which the interaction of these cells leads to cartilage degeneration and abnormal bone remodeling of subchondral bone and accelerates the pathological progression of osteoarthritis, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis.
METHODS: CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP, were searched with Chinese search terms “stromal cell-derived factor 1, cartilage, chondrocytes, subchondral bone, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, CXC chemokine receptor 4, CXC chemokine receptor 7.” PubMed, Medline, and Embase databases were searched with English search terms “stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1, CXCL12, cartilage, chondrocyte, subchondral bone, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, CXCR4, CXCR7.” Literature retrieval time was from inception to January 2024. A total of 77 articles were included and summarized in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Stromal cell-derived factor-1 regulates the migration, proliferation, differentiation, and death of chondrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, which plays an important role in maintaining cartilage and subchondral bone homeostasis, promoting or inhibiting cartilage degeneration and abnormal bone remodeling in osteoarthritis. Targeted regulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 / CXC chemokine receptor type 7 signaling pathway is expected to become the focus of future research on the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. (2) Because of the difference in the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 subtypes in tissues, stromal cell-derived factor-1 α is the most widely studied at present. The related studies of stromal cell-derived factor-1β and stromal cell-derived factor-1γ are mainly focused on exploring the effects on the biological behavior of stem cells, the role in the regulation of cartilage and subchondral bone homeostasis, and the correlation with osteoarthritis. (3) Stromal cell-derived factor-1 can effectively promote stem cells homing to cartilage injury sites, and induce their proliferation, survival, and cartilage differentiation. The application of stromal cell-derived factor-1-loaded biological scaffolds to improve the quality of cartilage repair has become the focus of cartilage tissue engineering research. However, previous studies have shown that stromal cell-derived factor-1 can promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into hypertrophic chondrocytes, while the hypertrophic phenotype of newborn chondrocytes can lead to endochondral bone formation and chondrocyte apoptosis. The whole tissue is vascularized and ossified, which affects the quality of cartilage repair. In addition, when different scaffolds combined with stromal cell-derived factor-1 can repair partial cartilage injury and full-thickness cartilage injury, the regenerated tissue is not all ideal hyaline cartilage tissue. Therefore, in the future, in-depth exploration of the potential mechanism of stromal cell-derived factor-1 in stem cell biological effects and the best combination of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and scaffold in repairing different cartilage defects will help to improve the quality of cartilage repair. (4) The studies on CXC chemokine receptor 4 antagonists are mainly focused on AMD3100, T140 and TN14003, and most of them are in the basic experimental stage and need to be transformed into clinical practice. The safety and effectiveness of the therapeutic drugs developed for stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine receptor 4 / CXC chemokine receptor 7 signaling pathway still need a large number of biological and clinical trials to support.

Key words: stromal cell-derived factor-1, CXC chemokine receptor, SDF-1, CXCL12, chondrocyte, subchondral bone, osteoblast, osteoclast, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, osteoarthritis

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