中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (31): 8077-8083.doi: 10.12307/2026.795

• 脂肪干细胞 adipose-derived stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

白细胞介素4干预巨噬细胞极化及脂肪间充质干细胞的成骨分化

王  静,史海洁,张蒙蒙,张金永,王苗苗,唐  琳   

  1. 沧州医学高等专科学校口腔系,河北省沧州市  061001
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-04 接受日期:2025-12-16 出版日期:2026-11-08 发布日期:2026-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 唐琳,沧州医学高等专科学校,河北省沧州市 061001
  • 作者简介:王静,女,1984年生,河北省霸州市人,回族,2013年石河子大学毕业,硕士,副教授,主要从事免疫微环境与骨组织工程的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    沧州医专自然科学课题(25Z003),项目负责人:王静;沧州市科技计划自筹经费项目(213107003),项目负责人:王静

Interleukin-4 modulates macrophage polarization and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Wang Jing, Shi Haijie, Zhang Mengmeng, Zhang Jinyong, Wang Miaomiao, Tang Lin   

  1. Department of Stomatology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2025-09-04 Accepted:2025-12-16 Online:2026-11-08 Published:2026-05-22
  • Contact: Tang Lin, Department of Stomatology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Wang Jing, MS, Associate professor, Department of Stomatology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou 061001, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Project of Cangzhou Medical College, No. 25Z003 (to WJ); Cangzhou Science and Technology Plan Self-raised Fund Project, No. 213107003 (to WJ)

摘要:

文题释义:

白细胞介素4诱导巨噬细胞极化:通过白细胞介素4调控巨噬细胞由M1型向M2型转化。M2型巨噬细胞可分泌转化生长因子β、白细胞介素10等多种因子,抑制早期炎症反应,促进成骨分化及骨组织修复重建。
免疫调节的时间依赖性:是白细胞介素4对免疫微环境及脂肪间充质干细胞成骨分化的调控作用受加入时间点的影响。研究表明,在第4-8天持续递送白细胞介素4,能够更有效地促使M1与M2型巨噬细胞趋于平衡状态,进而增强抗炎因子与成骨相关因子的表达,提示白细胞介素4的免疫调节效应有关键时间窗口,合理干预时机是实现骨修复的关键。

摘要
背景:免疫微环境与干细胞成骨分化过程密切相关,尤其是巨噬细胞的极化状态在骨组织再生中起关键调控作用。白细胞介素4作为调控巨噬细胞极化的重要免疫因子,有望通过改善局部免疫微环境促进骨缺损修复。
目的:探讨不同质量浓度白细胞介素4对脂肪间充质干细胞增殖和巨噬细胞极化的影响,并分析白细胞介素4在不同时间点对脂肪间充质干细胞成骨分化的调控效果,明确免疫调节在组织工程骨修复中的作用机制。
方法:将脂肪间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞混合接种于12孔板,通过递送不同质量浓度(0,30,60 μg/L)的白细胞介素4,评估白细胞介素4对脂肪间充质干细胞黏附、增殖、成骨分化及对巨噬细胞极化的影响。鬼笔环肽染色观察细胞的形态及黏附情况,CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖活性,RT-qPCR检测巨噬细胞M1型标记物CCR7、M2型标记物CD206以及成骨基因的表达,免疫荧光法检测骨钙素蛋白的表达,碱性磷酸酶染色及茜素红染色评价成骨分化情况。时间依赖性实验中,在不同时间点(第2,4,6,8天)递送最佳质量浓度的白细胞介素4,分析白细胞介素4对巨噬细胞极化和脂肪间充质干细胞成骨基因表达的影响。
结果与结论:① 30 μg/L白细胞介素4能显著诱导巨噬细胞向M2型极化,并促进脂肪间充质干细胞的增殖和成骨分化;②与空白对照组相比,30 μg/L白细胞介素4组碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色均显著增强,成骨相关基因(碱性磷酸酶、Ⅰ型胶原、骨钙素、Runt相关转录因子2)和成骨蛋白(骨钙素)的表达最高(P < 0.05);③在培养体系中,于第4-8天加入白细胞介素4可改善巨噬细胞的极化状态,增强成骨分化效果,提示白细胞介素4介导的免疫调节效应具有时间依赖性;④结果表明,合适浓度与时间点递送白细胞介素4可促使M1与M2型巨噬细胞趋于平衡状态,从而增强脂肪间充质干细胞的成骨能力,揭示了骨免疫调控在组织工程骨修复中的重要作用。

关键词: 脂肪间充质干细胞, 巨噬细胞极化, 白细胞介素4, 免疫微环境, 细胞共培养, 细胞黏附, 细胞增殖, 成骨分化

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The immune microenvironment is closely associated with the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, especially the polarization state of macrophages plays a key regulatory role in bone tissue regeneration. Interleukin-4, as an important immunomodulatory cytokine, holds promise for promoting bone defect repair by modulating the local immune milieu.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different concentrations of interleukin-4 on the proliferation and osteogenic polarization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and macrophages, and to analyze the regulatory effects of interleukin-4 on the osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells at different time points in order to elucidate the mechanisms of immunomodulation in tissue-engineered bone repair.
METHODS: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were co-cultured with macrophages in 12-well plates, and interleukin-4 at different concentrations (0, 30, and 60 μg/L) was administered to assess the effects of interleukin-4 on the adhesion, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and macrophage polarization of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Phalloidin staining was used to observe cell morphology and adhesion, while cell proliferation activity was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression levels of the M1 macrophage marker CCR7 and the M2 marker CD206, as well as osteogenic gene expression. Osteocalcin protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence, and osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin red staining. In the time-dependent experiment, the optimal concentration of interleukin-4 was delivered at different time points (days 2, 4, 6, and 8) to analyze the effects of interleukin-4 on macrophage polarization and osteogenic gene expression in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Interleukin-4 at 30 μg/L markedly promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. (2) Compared with the blank control group, alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining were significantly enhanced in the 30 μg/L interleukin-4 group, and the expression of osteoblast-related genes (alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, osteocalcin, Runt-related transcription factor 2) and osteoblastic protein (osteocalcin) was the highest (P < 0.05). (3) In the culture system, the addition of interleukin-4 on days 4-8 improved the polarization state of macrophages and enhanced osteogenic differentiation, suggesting that the immunomodulatory effect mediated by interleukin-4 was time-dependent. (4) These findings indicate that appropriate concentration and timing of interleukin-4 delivery enhance osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells by balancing M1 and M2 macrophages, highlighting the key role of osteoimmunomodulation in tissue-engineered bone repair.

Key words: ">adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, macrophage polarization, interleukin-4, immune microenvironment, cell co-culture, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation

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