中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (26): 6937-6945.doi: 10.12307/2026.759
• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇 下一篇
郭芷佑1,扈 蕊2,朱金玲1
接受日期:2025-09-25
出版日期:2026-09-18
发布日期:2026-03-16
通讯作者:
朱金玲,教授,佳木斯大学基础医学院,黑龙江省佳木斯市 154100
作者简介:郭芷佑,女,2001年生,四川省达州市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事遗传学研究
Guo Zhiyou1, Hu Rui2, Zhu Jinling1
Accepted:2025-09-25
Online:2026-09-18
Published:2026-03-16
Contact:
Zhu Jinling, Professor, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154100, Heilongjiang Province, China
About author:Guo Zhiyou, MS candidate, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154100, Heilongjiang Province, China
摘要:
文题释义:
碳量子点:是一种近似球形、尺寸小于10 nm的碳纳米颗粒,表面可通过亲水官能团修饰,以获得优异的水溶性和生物相容性。
细胞铁死亡:是一种铁依赖性、脂质过氧化驱动的程序性细胞死亡方式,本质是细胞内抗氧化系统(特别是谷胱甘肽-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4信号通路)崩溃,导致脂质过氧化物累积,引发细胞膜损伤和死亡。
背景:碳量子点作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,凭借优异的光学特性、良好的生物相容性和低毒性,在肿瘤诊疗领域展现出显著潜力。
目的:系统综述碳量子点的制备方法及在肿瘤诊疗中的应用进展。
方法:通过计算机检索中国知网和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“肿瘤治疗,碳量子点,电弧放电,电化学放电,药物递送,荧光成像”;英文检索词为“CQD tumor therapy,carbon quantum dot preparation,carbon quantum dots,tumor diagnosis and treatment”。根据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入102篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:碳量子点的常见制备方法有自上而下法和自下而上法,自上而下法是以大体积的碳材料为前体(如石墨、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯等),利用电弧放电、电化学、激光烧蚀和其他技术制备更小尺寸的碳量子点;自下而上法是将小分子有机分子或生物质的碳化来合成碳量子点,主要包括水热法、微波法、模板法等。在肿瘤诊疗中,碳量子点通过多机制协同发挥作用:在荧光成像中,碳量子点作为荧光探针标记肿瘤细胞,实现早期诊断和实时监测;在光热治疗中,利用碳量子点的光热转换效率将光能转化为热能杀伤肿瘤细胞;在光动力治疗中,碳量子点产生活性氧破坏肿瘤细胞生物大分子;作为药物载体,碳量子点能靶向递送抗肿瘤药物至肿瘤部位,减少不良反应;在免疫治疗方面,通过触发免疫原性死亡、逆转免疫抑制微环境及激活干扰素刺激因子通路,将“冷肿瘤”转化为“热肿瘤”;在多模态治疗中,碳量子点通过整合化疗、光疗、免疫治疗实现高效抑瘤率。
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1160-4617(郭芷佑)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程
中图分类号:
郭芷佑, 扈 蕊, 朱金玲. 新型荧光纳米材料碳量子点主要制备方法及在肿瘤诊疗中的应用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2026, 30(26): 6937-6945.
Guo Zhiyou, Hu Rui, Zhu Jinling. Main preparation methods of new fluorescent nanomaterial carbon quantum dots and their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(26): 6937-6945.








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该文系统阐述了碳量子点在肿瘤诊疗中的突破性进展,其核心亮点在于利用碳量子点的低毒性、优异生物相容性与独特增强渗透与滞留效应效应,实现了肿瘤靶向性诊疗一体化。相较于传统量子点,碳量子点通过表面修饰可特异性富集于肿瘤组织,显著降低系统毒性,同时兼具多重诊疗功能:作为高灵敏度荧光探针实现肿瘤早期成像与实时监测;通过高效光热转换(>55%)及光动力产生活性氧直接杀伤肿瘤细胞;作为智能载体实现pH值响应性药物控释,提升肿瘤局部药物浓度;更创新性地通过三重免疫调节机制(诱导免疫原性细胞死亡、逆转免疫抑制微环境、激活干扰素刺激因子通路)重塑抗肿瘤免疫应答。尤其通过溴掺杂等策略将单线态氧量子产率提升3.2倍,解决了传统材料免疫激活效率低的关键难题。这些特性通过多模态协同治疗进一步整合,最终在动物模型中实现超90%的肿瘤抑制率,为开发高效低毒的纳米诊疗平台提供了全新路径。
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