中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (26): 6937-6945.doi: 10.12307/2026.759

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

新型荧光纳米材料碳量子点主要制备方法及在肿瘤诊疗中的应用

郭芷佑1,扈  蕊2,朱金玲1   

  1. 佳木斯大学,1基础医学院,2药学院,黑龙江省佳木斯市  154100
  • 接受日期:2025-09-25 出版日期:2026-09-18 发布日期:2026-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 朱金玲,教授,佳木斯大学基础医学院,黑龙江省佳木斯市 154100
  • 作者简介:郭芷佑,女,2001年生,四川省达州市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事遗传学研究

Main preparation methods of new fluorescent nanomaterial carbon quantum dots and their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment

Guo Zhiyou1, Hu Rui2, Zhu Jinling1     

  1. 1School of Basic Medicine, 2School of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154100, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-25 Online:2026-09-18 Published:2026-03-16
  • Contact: Zhu Jinling, Professor, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154100, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Guo Zhiyou, MS candidate, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154100, Heilongjiang Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
碳量子点:是一种近似球形、尺寸小于10 nm的碳纳米颗粒,表面可通过亲水官能团修饰,以获得优异的水溶性和生物相容性。
细胞铁死亡:是一种铁依赖性、脂质过氧化驱动的程序性细胞死亡方式,本质是细胞内抗氧化系统(特别是谷胱甘肽-谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4信号通路)崩溃,导致脂质过氧化物累积,引发细胞膜损伤和死亡。

背景:碳量子点作为一种新型荧光纳米材料,凭借优异的光学特性、良好的生物相容性和低毒性,在肿瘤诊疗领域展现出显著潜力。
目的:系统综述碳量子点的制备方法及在肿瘤诊疗中的应用进展。
方法:通过计算机检索中国知网和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,中文检索词为“肿瘤治疗,碳量子点,电弧放电,电化学放电,药物递送,荧光成像”;英文检索词为“CQD tumor therapy,carbon quantum dot preparation,carbon quantum dots,tumor diagnosis and treatment”。根据纳入与排除标准,最终纳入102篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:碳量子点的常见制备方法有自上而下法和自下而上法,自上而下法是以大体积的碳材料为前体(如石墨、碳纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯等),利用电弧放电、电化学、激光烧蚀和其他技术制备更小尺寸的碳量子点;自下而上法是将小分子有机分子或生物质的碳化来合成碳量子点,主要包括水热法、微波法、模板法等。在肿瘤诊疗中,碳量子点通过多机制协同发挥作用:在荧光成像中,碳量子点作为荧光探针标记肿瘤细胞,实现早期诊断和实时监测;在光热治疗中,利用碳量子点的光热转换效率将光能转化为热能杀伤肿瘤细胞;在光动力治疗中,碳量子点产生活性氧破坏肿瘤细胞生物大分子;作为药物载体,碳量子点能靶向递送抗肿瘤药物至肿瘤部位,减少不良反应;在免疫治疗方面,通过触发免疫原性死亡、逆转免疫抑制微环境及激活干扰素刺激因子通路,将“冷肿瘤”转化为“热肿瘤”;在多模态治疗中,碳量子点通过整合化疗、光疗、免疫治疗实现高效抑瘤率。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1160-4617(郭芷佑)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 碳量子点, 肿瘤诊疗, 制备方法, 纳米医学, 荧光成像, 荧光纳米材料, 肿瘤治疗, 纳米材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Carbon quantum dots are a novel fluorescent nanomaterial that, thanks to their excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity, show significant potential in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the methods used to prepare carbon quantum dots and their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS: Relevant literature was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases using computer searches. Chinese search terms were “tumor therapy, carbon quantum dots, arc discharge, electrochemical discharge, drug delivery, fluorescence imaging.” English search terms were “CQD tumor therapy, carbon quantum dot preparation, carbon quantum dots, tumor diagnosis and treatment.” According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 102 articles were finally included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Common preparation methods for carbon quantum dots are top-down method and bottom-up method. In terms of preparation, the top-down method (arc discharge, electrochemical, laser ablation) uses graphite and other carbon materials as precursors, which is simple to operate but produces many by-products and has low quantum yield; after purification, the yield can be improved. The bottom-up method (hydrothermal, microwave, and template) utilizes biomass or small-molecule carbon sources, offering environmental friendliness and excellent water solubility of the products. In tumor diagnosis and therapy, carbon quantum dots exert their effects through multiple synergistic mechanisms. Fluorescence imaging enables early tumor diagnosis and real-time monitoring using carbon quantum dots as fluorescent probes for labeling tumor cells. In photothermal therapy, the photothermal conversion efficiency of carbon quantum dots is used to convert light energy into heat energy to kill tumor cells. In photodynamic therapy, carbon quantum dots produce reactive oxygen species to destroy tumor cell biomacromolecules. As drug carriers, carbon quantum dots can deliver anti-tumor drugs to the tumor site in a targeted manner, reducing adverse reactions. In immunotherapy, “cold tumors” are converted into “hot tumors” by triggering immunogenic death, reversing the immunosuppressive microenvironment, and activating the interferon-stimulating factor pathway. In multimodal treatment, carbon quantum dots achieve a high tumor inhibition rate by integrating chemotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy.

Key words: carbon quantum dot, tumor diagnosis and treatment, preparation method, nanomedicine, fluorescence imaging, fluorescent nanomaterial, tumor treatment, nanomaterial

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