中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3217-3225.doi: 10.12307/2026.308

• 骨髓干细胞 bone marrow stem cells •    下一篇

唑来膦酸对双膦酸盐相关颌骨坏死小鼠颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞的影响

李朋礼1,杨燕美2,胡雅雯1,刘泓琦1,王曼伊3,闫舰飞3,顾  斌2   

  1. 1解放军总医院研究生院,北京市   100853;2解放军总医院第一医学中心口腔科,北京市   100853;3解放军第四军医大学口腔医院,陕西省西安市   710032
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 修回日期:2025-05-31 接受日期:2025-06-12 出版日期:2026-05-08 发布日期:2025-12-24
  • 通讯作者: 顾斌,博士,主任医师,教授,解放军总医院第一医学中心口腔科,北京市 100853; 共同通讯作者:闫舰飞,博士,主治医师,解放军第四军医大学口腔医院,陕西省西安市 710032
  • 作者简介:李朋礼,男,1996年生,汉族,解放军总医院研究生院在读硕士,主要从事口腔修复种植与干细胞研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心开放课题(NCRCG-PLAGH-2022017),项目负责人:顾斌;军队后勤科研项目(JKAWS22J1006),项目负责人:顾斌

Effect of zoledronic acid on jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in mice with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Li Pengli1, Yang Yanmei2, Hu Yawen1, Liu Hongqi1, Wang Manyi3, Yan Jianfei3, Gu Bin2   

  1. 1Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; 2Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; 3Stomatological Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Revised:2025-05-31 Accepted:2025-06-12 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-24
  • Contact: Gu Bin, PhD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Yan Jianfei, PhD, Attending physician, Stomatological Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Li Pengli, Master candidate, Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
  • Supported by:
    Open Project of National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, No. NCRCG-PLAGH-2022017 (to GB); Military Logistics Research Project, No. JKAWS22J1006 (to GB)

摘要:


文题释义:

双膦酸盐相关性颌骨坏死:是因长期使用双膦酸盐药物而引发的颌骨病变,这类药物抑制破骨细胞活性,虽能有效治疗骨质疏松和骨转移癌,但可能干扰颌骨正常代谢,导致骨组织坏死、暴露及愈合障碍。双膦酸盐相关性颌骨坏死多发生在拔牙或颌骨手术后,临床表现为骨暴露、疼痛、感染及愈合延迟,严重影响患者的生活质量。
唑来膦酸:对颌骨骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖、迁移及成骨分化功能具有显著影响。研究表明,当唑来膦酸浓度达到一定阈值时,其对细胞的抑制作用逐渐显现,表现为细胞增殖减缓、迁移能力下降、碱性磷酸酶活性和矿化结节形成显著降低以及成骨相关基因和蛋白表达水平下降。

摘要
背景:双膦酸盐类药物作为抗骨吸收治疗的核心药物,广泛应用于代谢性骨病的治疗,然而长期使用会引发双膦酸盐相关性颌骨坏死并发症。传统发病机制聚焦于双膦酸盐类药物对破骨细胞的抑制作用,但难以完全解释骨坏死病理发展过程,而与相对成熟的破骨细胞研究相比,双膦酸盐类药物对成骨相关细胞生物学特性及功能影响的报道较少,且部分报道之间存在差异,这种差异性可能源于实验体系、药物浓度及细胞来源,凸显了开展系统性、标准化研究的必要性。
目的:探讨临床常用第3代双膦酸盐——唑来膦酸对小鼠拔牙窝愈合及颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞增殖、迁移和成骨分化的影响。
方法:将16只雄性C57B/6J小鼠随机平均分为对照组和实验组,实验组腹腔注射唑来膦酸联合皮下注射地塞米松,对照组注射等量PBS,注射2周后拔除所有小鼠左侧上颌第一磨牙,继续注射2周后处死取材。通过拔牙窝创口大体观察、Micro CT成像与三维重建分析、苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠拔牙窝骨改建、黏膜愈合情况;分离和培养两组小鼠下颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞,进行正常培养和成骨诱导培养后,通过CCK-8法、qPCR、Western blot以及碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色,观察唑来膦酸对细胞增殖、迁移及成骨分化的影响。
结果与结论:①相比于对照组,实验组小鼠拔牙窝骨与黏膜愈合不良,炎性细胞浸润更明显;②相比于对照组,实验组小鼠颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞的增殖、迁移能力明显受到抑制(P < 0.05);③相比于对照组,实验组小鼠颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞碱性磷酸酶染色较弱,钙结节数量减少,成骨相关标志物碱性磷酸酶、整合素结合唾液酸蛋白、Ⅰ型胶原α1链、Runt相关转录因子2表达下调(P < 0.05)。结果表明:唑来膦酸可对小鼠拔牙窝愈合造成不良影响,可能与抑制颌骨来源骨髓间充质干细胞增殖、迁移、成骨分化有关。

关键词: 双膦酸盐, 颌骨骨坏死, 唑来膦酸, 颌骨, 拔牙窝, 间充质干细胞, 增殖, 迁移, 成骨分化

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bisphosphonates, as the core drugs of anti-bone resorption therapy, are widely used in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. However, long-term use can cause the complications of bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The traditional pathogenesis focuses on the inhibitory effect of bisphosphonates on osteoclasts, but it is difficult to fully explain the pathological development of osteonecrosis. Compared with the relatively mature osteoclast research, there are fewer reports on the effects of bisphosphonates on the biological characteristics and functions of osteoblast-related cells, and there are differences between some reports. This difference may be due to the experimental system, drug concentration and cell source, highlighting the necessity of conducting systematic and standardized research.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the third-generation bisphosphonate-zoledronic acid commonly used in clinical practice on the healing of tooth extraction sockets and the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the jaw in mice.
METHODS: Sixteen C57B/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The experimental group was intraperitoneally injected with zoledronic acid combined with subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone; the control group was injected with the same amount of PBS. The left maxillary first molars of all mice were extracted after 2 weeks of injection, and the samples were sacrificed after 2 weeks of injection. The bone reconstruction and mucosal healing of the tooth extraction socket were observed by general observation of the wound of the tooth extraction socket, Micro CT imaging and three-dimensional reconstruction analysis, and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the mandibular bones of the two groups of mice were isolated and cultured. After normal culture and osteogenic induction culture, the effects of zoledronic acid on cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation were observed by CCK-8 assay, qPCR, western blot assay, alkaline phosphatase staining, and Alizarin red staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the control group, the bone and mucosa of the tooth extraction socket in the experimental group were poorly healed, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was more obvious. (2) Compared with the control group, the proliferation and migration abilities of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the jaw in the experimental group were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). (3) Compared with the control group, the alkaline phosphatase staining of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the jaw in the experimental group was weaker, the number of calcium nodules decreased, and the expressions of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialic protein 2, type I collagen α1 chain and Runt-related transcription factor 2 were decreased (P < 0.05). The results showed that zoledronic acid could adversely affect the healing of the tooth extraction socket in mice, which may be related to the inhibition of the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from the jaw.

Key words: bisphosphonate, osteonecrosis of the jaw, zoledronic acid, jaw, tooth extraction socket, mesenchymal stem cell, proliferation, migration, osteogenic differentiation

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