中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6289-6296.doi: 10.12307/2026.200

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

miRNA参与软骨发育的机制:新策略及新靶点

王正业,刘万林,赵振群   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院儿童骨科医学中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010090
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-27 修回日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 刘万林,硕士,教授,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院儿童骨科医学中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010090 共同通讯作者:赵振群,博士,教授,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院儿童骨科医学中心,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010090
  • 作者简介:王正业,男,1997年生,内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市准格尔旗人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事髋关节的相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81960397,82260424),项目负责人:刘万林;国家自然科学基金项目(82160414,81760391),项目负责人:赵振群;内蒙古自治区成果转化项目(CGZH2018146),项目负责人:刘万林;内蒙古自治区自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(2023SHZR1613),项目负责人:赵振群

Mechanisms of miRNAs involved in cartilage development: new strategies and targets

Wang Zhengye, Liu Wanlin, Zhao Zhenqun   

  1. Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-06-27 Revised:2025-09-26 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Liu Wanlin, MS, Professor, Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China Co-corresponding author: Zhao Zhenqun, PhD, Professor, Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wang Zhengye, MS candidate, Center for Pediatric Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010090, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 81960397 and 82260424 (both to LWL); National Natural Science Foundation of China, Nos. 82160414 and 81760391 (both to ZZQ); Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Achievement Transformation Project, No. CGZH2018146 (to LWL); Outstanding Young Scientist Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation, No. 2023SHZR1613 (to ZZQ) 

摘要:



文题释义:
miRNA:是一类由17-25个核苷酸组成的单链非编码RNA分子,广泛存在于真核生物中。在软骨发育过程中,miRNA通过与靶mRNA的3’非翻译区特异性结合,调控基因的转录后沉默或翻译抑制。研究表明,miRNA在软骨细胞分化、增殖和凋亡中发挥关键作用。此外,miRNA的异常表达与多种软骨疾病密切相关,如骨关节炎和软骨发育不良。因此,miRNA不仅是软骨发育的重要调控因子,也是相关疾病潜在的治疗靶点。
软骨细胞分化:是指间充质干细胞或软骨祖细胞逐渐发育为成熟软骨细胞的过程,是软骨发育的核心环节。该过程涉及多种信号通路和转录因子的协同调控。在生长板区域,软骨细胞分化经历静止期、增殖期和肥大期,最终形成成熟的软骨细胞。miRNA通过精准调控关键转录因子和信号通路来影响软骨细胞分化的时序和方向。软骨细胞分化的调控机制不仅决定了软骨的正常发育,还与软骨相关疾病的发生发展密切相关。

背景:软骨发育的分子调控机制是骨科领域的关键科学问题之一。miRNA作为基因表达的重要调节因子,通过与靶mRNA的3’非翻译区结合,调控转录后沉默或翻译抑制,参与细胞分化、增殖及代谢稳态的调控。近年来,研究发现miRNA在软骨发育及多种软骨相关疾病中发挥着重要作用,其异常表达与骨骼发育不良、骨关节炎等疾病密切相关。深入研究miRNA在软骨发育中的作用机制,对于理解软骨细胞命运决定以及相关疾病的发病机制具有重要意义。
目的:旨在全面总结miRNA在软骨发育中的作用机制,探讨miRNA在软骨细胞分化、增殖、凋亡等过程中的调控作用,以及在骨关节炎、软骨发育不良等疾病状态下的功能,为相关疾病的防治提供理论依据。
方法:通过检索PubMed、中国知网、万方数据库及维普数据库(各数据库建库至2025年6月),结合手工查阅相关书籍,筛选与miRNA调控软骨发育相关的高质量文献。优先选择近10年内发表的研究,最终纳入99篇文献(英文95篇,中文4篇)进行系统分析与总结。
结果与结论:研究表明,miRNA通过精准调控关键转录因子、信号通路及表观遗传修饰,影响软骨细胞的分化、增殖和凋亡。在疾病状态下,miRNA的异常表达与多种软骨疾病密切相关。这些发现不仅揭示了miRNA在软骨发育中的直接调控作用,还为相关疾病的诊断、预后评估及治疗提供了新的策略和靶点。随着基因编辑、单细胞测序、生物信息学等前沿技术的不断发展,miRNA研究在软骨发育及疾病中的应用取得了显著进展,有望为骨骼疾病的早期诊断、精准治疗及预后评估提供新的手段。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6873-7422 (王正业) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: miRNA, 软骨发育, 细胞分化, 细胞增殖, 细胞凋亡, 骨关节炎, 软骨发育不良, 椎间盘退变

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The molecular regulation of cartilage development is one of the key scientific issues in the field of orthopedics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as important regulators of gene expression, regulate post-transcriptional silencing or translation inhibition by binding to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, and are involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and metabolic homeostasis. In recent years, studies have found that miRNAs play an important role in cartilage development and various cartilage-related diseases, and their abnormal expression is closely related to diseases such as skeletal dysplasia and osteoarthritis. In-depth research on the mechanisms of miRNAs in cartilage development is of great significance for understanding the fate determination of chondrocytes and the pathogenesis of related diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively summarize the mechanisms of miRNAs in cartilage development, explore their regulatory roles in chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis, and investigate their functions in diseases such as osteoarthritis and achondroplasia, providing a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.
METHODS: By searching PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, and VIP Database (up to June 2025) and manually consulting relevant books, we selected high-quality literature on miRNA regulation of cartilage development. The inclusion criteria were high relevance, innovation, and prioritization of studies published within the last decade. Finally, 99 articles (95 English and 4 Chinese) were included for systematic analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Research indicates that miRNAs precisely regulate key transcription factors, signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifications to influence chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In disease states, the abnormal expression of miRNAs is closely related to various cartilage diseases. These findings not only reveal the direct regulatory roles of miRNAs in cartilage development but also provide new strategies and targets for the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of related diseases. With the continuous development of cutting-edge technologies such as gene editing, single-cell sequencing, and bioinformatics, the application of miRNAs in cartilage development and diseases has made significant progress, which is expected to provide new insights into early diagnosis, precise treatment, and prognosis assessment of skeletal diseases.

Key words: miRNA, cartilage development, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, osteoarthritis, achondroplasia, intervertebral disc degeneration

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