中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (14): 3536-3547.doi: 10.12307/2026.128

• 组织工程口腔材料 tissue-engineered oral materials • 上一篇    下一篇

牙根远中弯曲对隐形矫治器压低上颌切牙影响的三维有限元分析

明  钰1，王培军2，刘潇遥2，李佳楠2    

  1. 1哈尔滨医科大学，黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150000；2哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院口腔正畸科，黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06 接受日期:2025-07-05 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2025-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 王培军，博士，教授，主任医师，哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院口腔正畸科，黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150000
  • 作者简介:明钰，女，1992 年生，江苏省无锡市人，汉族，哈尔滨医科大学在读硕士，主要从事口腔医学方面的研究。

Effect of root distal curvature with clear aligners on intruded maxillary central incisors analyzed using three-dimensional finite element analysis

Ming Yu1, Wang Peijun2, Liu Xiaoyao2, Li Jianan2   

  1. 1Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China; 2Department of Orthodontics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2025-05-06 Accepted:2025-07-05 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2025-09-10
  • Contact: Wang Peijun, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthodontics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Ming Yu, Master candidate, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China

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摘要：

文题释义：
隐形矫治器：是一种通过计算机三维设计生产出来的隐形、美观的牙齿矫正机械性装置，通常戴在口内或颌面部，由高分子材料组成，可产生作用力使畸形的颌骨、错位牙及牙周支持组织发生变化，有利于牙颌面正常生长发育。
有限元分析法：是工程科学技术中广泛使用的数学和物理方法，将复杂结构划分或分解为非常小而简单的部分，称为“单元”，各单元通过节点连接而形成整体，通过对有限个单元进行求解，然后进行整体综合分析，最终得出结果。有限元分析最大的特点是通过将材料整体划分为若干个单独的组成单元，进而提取各个独立单元的数据，因而并不影响原有材料的内部结构和整体力学特征。

背景：对于上颌中切牙牙根存在弯曲的患者，进行正畸治疗时临床医生往往忽略牙根形态发生变化对矫治产生的影响，目前该方面的研究较少。
目的：通过三维有限元法研究不同牙根远中弯曲角度和膜片厚度隐形矫治器对压低上颌中切牙效果的影响。
方法：构建左侧上颌中切牙根尖1/3远中不同弯曲角度(不弯曲、弯曲20°、弯曲40°、弯曲60°)和3种膜片厚度(0.5，0.75，1 mm)的隐形矫治器模型，利用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析，比较不同膜片厚度隐形矫治器在沿上颌中切牙牙体长轴压低0.2 mm时牙齿、牙周膜的等效应力分布特点以及牙齿、隐形矫治器的初始位移趋势。
结果与结论：①上颌中切牙在压低时均为倾斜移动，牙冠位移量大于牙根，总位移量与牙根弯曲角度呈反比、与膜片厚度呈正比。②随着牙根弯曲角度的增加，牙冠在近远中方向的位移量和伸长量增加，在唇舌方向上的位移量减小；牙根在近远中方向的位移量增加，在唇舌方向的位移量和压低量减小；牙冠和牙根在三维方向上的位移量与膜片厚度呈正比。③牙周膜和牙齿的Von-Mises应力与牙根弯曲角度和矫治器膜片厚度呈正比；牙周膜Von-Mises应力主要分布在牙颈部腭侧；除不弯曲-膜片厚度0.5 mm、弯曲20°-膜片厚度0.5 mm、不弯曲-膜片厚度0.75 mm外，其余模型牙根在弯曲处出现应力集中区。④矫治器的位移量与牙根弯曲角度呈正比、与膜片厚度越厚呈反比，最大位移量发生在压低的矫治器唇侧边缘处。⑤上颌中切牙牙根存在弯曲会降低牙齿压低效率，在对牙根弯曲的上颌中切牙进行压低时建议选择0.5 mm膜片厚度的隐形矫治器，同时适当增厚矫治器边缘厚度，以减少矫治器脱套的发生、降低牙根吸收的概率。
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4974-3618 (明钰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料；口腔生物材料；纳米材料；缓释材料；材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 三维有限元, 压低, 弯根中切牙, 膜片厚度, 隐形矫治器, 生物力学, 弯曲角度

Abstract: BACKGROUND: For patients with root curvature of maxillary central incisors, clinicians often ignore the impact of root morphology changes on orthodontic treatment in patients with root curvature. There are few studies in this area.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of different root distal curvature angles and diaphragm thicknesses with clear aligners on the impact of intruded maxillary central incisors by three-dimensional finite element analysis.
METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of the left maxillary central incisors with different angles of apical 1/3 distal curvature (no curvature, 20° curvature, 40°curvature, and 60° curvature) and three kinds of various thicknesses of clear aligners (0.5, 0.75, and 1 mm) were constructed. ANSYS software was used to perform finite element analysis to compare the stress distribution characteristics of teeth and periodontal ligament, and the initial displacement trends of teeth and clear aligners when intruding 0.2 mm along the long axis of the left maxillary central incisor for different thicknesses of clear aligners. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The left maxillary central incisor showed a tipping movement trend during the intrusion, with the crown displacement more significant than the root displacement. The total displacement was inversely proportional to the root curvature angle and directly proportional to the diaphragm thickness. (2) As the root curvature angle increased, the crown showed an increase in displacement and extrusion in the mesiodistal direction, while the displacement in the labiolingual direction decreased. The root showed an increase in displacement in the mesiodistal direction, and both labiolingual displacement and intrusion decreased. The displacement of the crown and root in three dimensions was proportional to the thickness of the diaphragm. (3) The periodontal ligament and tooth Von-Mises stress was proportional to the root curvature angle and diaphragm thickness. The Von-Mises stress of the periodontal ligament was mainly distributed on the palatal side of the cervical tooth. Except for the thickness of the diaphragm of 0.5 and 0.75 mm, the root had no curvature, the thickness of the diaphragm was 0.5 mm, and the root was curvature by 20°, and the stress concentration of the root at the curvature occurred. (4) The displacement of the clear aligner was directly proportional to the angle of root curvature and inversely proportional to the thickness of the diaphragm, while the maximum displacement occurred at the labial edge of the depressed orthodontic appliance. (5) The root curvature of maxillary central incisors reduced the efficiency of tooth intrusion. When intruding a maxillary central incisor with a curved root, choosing a clear aligner with a thickness of 0.5 mm was recommended, and appropriately increasing the thickness of the appliance edge reduced the risk of the appliance coming off and lowered the probability of root resorption.


Key words: three-dimensional finite element, intrusion, curved root central incisors, diaphragm thickness, clear aligner, biomechanics, bending angle

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