中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (36): 7762-7768.doi: 10.12307/2025.561

• 干细胞培养与分化 stem cell culture and differentiation • 上一篇    下一篇

促红细胞生成素及受体信号通路调控牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的机制

孙  峥,赵  华   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院口腔科,山西省太原市   030000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14 接受日期:2024-09-21 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2025-03-07
  • 作者简介:孙峥,女,1973年生,吉林省长春市人,汉族,副主任医师,主要从事口腔颌面外科,牙及牙槽外科方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D321141),项目负责人:孙峥;山西省卫生健康委科研课题项目,项目负责人:孙峥

Mechanism of erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway in regulating osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells

Sun Zheng, Zhao Hua   

  1. Department of Stomatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-14 Accepted:2024-09-21 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2025-03-07
  • About author:Sun Zheng, Associate chief physician, Department of Stomatology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shanxi Provincial Key Research & Development Project, No. 201903D321141 (to SZ); Shanxi Provincial Health Commission Research Project (to SZ)

摘要:

文题释义:

促红细胞生成素受体:是Ⅰ型细胞因子受体家族的成员,表达于红系祖细胞表面,其配体促红细胞生成素是一种由肾脏分泌的N-连接糖蛋白激素。近年来研究发现,促红细胞生成素/促红细胞生成素受体信号通路也参与调节非造血组织,如脑、心脏、骨骼肌、脂肪组织等的代谢反应。
牙周膜干细胞:牙周膜是一种紧密的纤维结缔组织,连接牙根和周围的牙槽骨,其中含有组织特异性干细胞,即牙周膜干细胞,在牙周膜、牙骨质和牙槽骨的微环境调节和组织稳态中发挥积极作用。

摘要
背景:促红细胞生成素/促红细胞生成素受体信号通路除了参与骨髓造血,也参与调节非造血组织,如脑、心脏、骨骼肌、脂肪组织等的代谢反应。同时,激活此信号通路能加速牙周膜干细胞的生物矿化过程,减轻细胞氧化应激损伤,但促进牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的机制尚不清楚。
目的:探究促红细胞生成素/促红细胞生成素受体信号通路对牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的影响及作用机制。
方法:采用酶消化法分离、培养牙周疾病患者及健康人群的牙周膜干细胞,采用qRT-PCR和免疫印迹法检测两种牙周膜干细胞中促红细胞生成素受体的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。使用小干扰RNA沉默促红细胞生成素受体,或使用促红细胞生成素诱导促红细胞生成素受体表达激活,然后采用qRT-PCR、免疫印迹法检测促红细胞生成素受体、成骨标志基因Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素、骨桥素、骨唾液蛋白的表达水平,采用碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色检测牙周膜干细胞成骨分化能力,采用免疫印迹法检测信号转导及转录激活因子5的磷酸化水平。 
结果与结论:①qRT-PCR和免疫印迹法结果显示,疾病组牙周膜干细胞中促红细胞生成素受体的mRNA和蛋白水平显著低于健康组牙周膜干细胞;②碱性磷酸酶染色以及茜素红染色显示,敲低促红细胞生成素受体能抑制牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力;qRT-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,敲低促红细胞生成素受体组Runt相关转录因子2、骨钙素、骨桥素和骨唾液蛋白的表达水平显著降低(P < 0.05);③qRT-PCR结果显示,促红细胞生成素处理后,牙周膜干细胞中促红细胞生成素受体表达恢复,沉默促红细胞生成素受体后再给予促红细胞生成素处理,逆转了促红细胞生成素受体的表达水平;促红细胞生成素处理后提高了疾病组牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力以及成骨标志基因Runt相关转录因子2的表达水平(P < 0.05),沉默信号转导及转录激活因子5表达后,抑制了促红细胞生成素的这种作用;④免疫印迹结果显示,随着促红细胞生成素处理时间的延长,疾病组牙周膜干细胞中信号转导及转录激活因子5磷酸化水平增加(P < 0.05)。上述结果表明,促红细胞生成素通过诱导信号转导及转录激活因子5的磷酸化,恢复病理性牙周膜干细胞的成骨分化能力。

关键词: periodontal ligament stem cell, erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, osteogenic differentiation, periodontitis, engineered stem cells

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway not only participates in bone marrow hematopoiesis, but also regulates the metabolic response of non-hematopoietic tissues, such as brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. Simultaneously, it can accelerate the mineralization process of periodontal ligament stem cells and reduce oxidative stress damage. However, the mechanism of action on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells is still unclear. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and action mechanism of erythropoietin/erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway on osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells.
METHODS: Enzyme digestion method was used to isolate and culture periodontal ligament stem cells from periodontal disease patients and healthy people. The mRNA and protein levels of erythropoietin receptor in two kinds of periodontal ligament stem cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot assay. Erythropoietin receptor expression was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) or activated by erythropoietin. qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of erythropoietin receptor, levels of osteogenic marker genes Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were applied to measure osteogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was detected by western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The results of qRT-PCR and western blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein levels of erythropoietin receptor in periodontal ligament stem cells in the disease group were significantly lower than those in periodontal ligament stem cells in the healthy group. (2) Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that knocking down the erythropoietin receptor can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells. qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the control group, knockdown of the erythropoietin receptor group significantly reduced expression levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin, osteopontin, and bone sialoprotein (P < 0.05). (3) qRT-PCR results showed that after erythropoietin treatment, the expression of erythropoietin receptor in periodontal ligament stem cells recovered. Silencing erythropoietin receptor and then administration of erythropoietin treatment reversed the expression level of erythropoietin receptor. Erythropoietin treatment increased the osteogenic differentiation ability of periodontal ligament stem cells in the disease group and the expression level of the osteogenic marker gene Runt-related transcription factor 2 (P < 0.05). Silencing the expression of STAT5 inhibited this effect of erythropoietin. (4) Western blot assay results showed that with the extension of erythropoietin treatment time, the phosphorylation level of STAT5 increased in periodontal ligament stem cells in the disease group (P < 0.05). The above results indicate that erythropoietin restores the osteogenic differentiation ability of pathological periodontal ligament stem cells by inducing the phosphorylation of STAT5.

Key words: 牙周膜干细胞, 促红细胞生成素, 促红细胞生成素受体, 信号转导及转录激活因子5, 成骨分化, 牙周炎, 工程化干细胞

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