中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 516-527.doi: 10.12307/2025.486

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

功能化仿生矿化胶原修饰的骨科植入物

许文和,李小兵,刘  芳   

  1. 岳阳市人民医院,湖南省岳阳市   414399
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29 接受日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2026-01-18 发布日期:2025-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 刘芳,岳阳市人民医院,湖南省岳阳市 414399
  • 作者简介:许文和,男,2000年生,湖南省人,汉族,2022年南华大学毕业,主要从事关节骨病方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省卫生计生委科研计划课题项目(B2017236),项目名称:BMD 及 FRAX 工具对脆性骨折风险预测,比较研究,项目负责人:刘芳

Functionalized biomimetic mineralized collagen modified orthopedic implants

Xu Wenhe, Li Xiaobing, Liu Fang   

  1. Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang 414399, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-29 Accepted:2024-08-17 Online:2026-01-18 Published:2025-07-03
  • Contact: Xu Wenhe, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang 414399, Hunan Province, China
  • About author:Liu Fang, Yueyang People’s Hospital, Yueyang 414399, Hunan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, No. B2017236 (to LF) 

摘要:

文题释义:
仿生矿化胶原:是一种经过矿化处理的胶原蛋白。在这个矿化过程中,胶原蛋白与无机矿物质,如磷酸钙(主要成分是羟基磷灰石,是人体骨骼和牙齿中的关键成分)结合,这种结合模仿了自然骨骼中胶原蛋白和矿物质的相互作用,因此矿化胶原在生物医学和组织工程中具有重要应用。
骨科植入物:用于替代或支持骨骼和关节功能的医疗器械。这些植入物在骨科手术中广泛使用,旨在帮助修复受损的骨骼、关节、韧带或其他相关结构,它们可以是永久性的,也可以是暂时性的,取决于治疗需求。

背景:矿化胶原是骨骼结构和功能的基本单位,是细胞外基质的主要成分。通过仿生学的方法可制备出具有天然骨纳米结构的矿化胶原,目前矿化胶原已获得监管机构的批准并应用于临床,在骨缺损修复方面发挥积极作用。
目的:介绍生物活性因子与矿化胶原的整合策略,总结增强矿化胶原促成骨能力的方案,强调了矿化胶原多功能协调的应用,最后讨论当前的研究重点和未来趋势。
方法:以“mineralized collagen,biomimetic,functionalization,bioactive factors,osteogenesis, multi-functional coordination,bone tissue repair,矿化胶原,仿生,功能化”为关键词,检索2009-2023年期间PubMed,Web of Science,Medline,万方和CNKI数据库中相关文献。初检得到375篇文章,筛选后纳入57篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①矿化胶原具有疏松多孔的结构和较大的表面积,并且包含纳米羟基磷灰石,这些特性使其适合作为细胞、各种生长因子及药物的有效载体。②可以通过选择不同的加载方式或不同加载方式的组合来实现单一或多种活性因子的高效、有序释放,从而实现矿化胶原的多功能化,此过程中应注意理化条件对活性因子生物活性的影响及活性因子对矿化胶原降解性能、羟基磷灰石晶体形态、纳米结构及含量等的影响。而且钙离子可以被各种无机非金属离子掺杂取代,赋予矿化胶原增强的成骨、成血管、免疫调节及抗感染性能。③最终,在原位骨再生过程中,功能化矿化胶原既作为支架材料为骨缺损提供一定的结构支撑,还作为药物递送系统,在局部不断输送各种活性因子,发挥抗感染、免疫调节的作用,促进血管生成和骨生成,修复各种复杂的骨缺损。
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7019-684X (刘芳) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 矿化胶原, 仿生, 功能化, 活性因子, 促成骨, 骨再生, 工程化骨生物材料

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Mineralized collagen is the fundamental unit of bone structure and function and a major component of the extracellular matrix. Biomimetic methods have been developed to fabricate mineralized collagen with a natural bone nanostructure. Currently, mineralized collagen has been approved by regulatory authorities and applied clinically, playing a positive role in bone defect repair.
OBJECTIVE: To present the integration strategies of bioactive factors with mineralized collagen, summarize schemes to enhance the osteogenic potential of mineralized collagen, emphasize the multifunctional coordination applications of mineralized collagen, and finally discuss current research focuses and future trends.
METHODS: The authors searched for relevant literature in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, WanFang, and CNKI, from 2009 to 2023, using keywords “mineralized collagen, biomimetic, functionalization, bioactive factors, osteogenesis, multi-functional coordination, bone tissue repair” in English and “mineralized collagen, biomimetic, functionalization” in Chinese. Out of 375 initially identified articles, 57 were included for review after screening. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mineralized collagen, with its porous structure and large surface area, containing nano-hydroxyapatite, makes it an effective carrier for cells, various growth factors, and drugs. (2) Single or multiple bioactive factors can be efficiently and orderly released through different loading methods or combinations, achieving the multifunctionalization of mineralized collagen. The impact of physicochemical conditions on the bioactivity of factors and their effects on the degradability, hydroxylapatite crystal morphology, nanostructure, and content of mineralized collagen should be considered. Moreover, calcium ions in mineralized collagen can be substituted with various inorganic non-metal ions, enhancing its osteogenic, angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and anti-infective properties. (3) Ultimately, during in situ bone regeneration, functionalized mineralized collagen serves as a scaffold material, providing structural support for bone defects, and as a drug delivery system, continuously delivering various bioactive factors locally, playing roles in anti-infection, immunomodulation, promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and repairing various complex bone defects.


Key words: mineralized collagen, biomimetic, functionalization, bioactive factor, osteogenesis, bone regeneration, engineered bone biomaterials

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