中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 471-477.doi: 10.12307/2025.115

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

特发性脊柱侧弯患者步行生物力学特征:三维运动捕捉的横断面分析

苟艳芸,侯美金,江  征,陈少清,陈  祥,高誉展,王芗斌   

  1. 福建中医药大学康复医学院,福建省福州市   350122
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-05 接受日期:2024-01-12 出版日期:2025-01-28 发布日期:2024-06-03
  • 通讯作者: 王芗斌,医学博士,博士生导师,教授,福建中医药大学康复医学院,福建省福州市 350122
  • 作者简介:苟艳芸,女,1991年生,医学博士,讲师。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(82205306),项目负责人:苟艳芸

Biomechanical characteristics of walking in patients with idiopathic scoliosis: cross-sectional analysis of three-dimensional motion capture

Gou Yanyun, Hou Meijin, Jiang Zheng, Chen Shaoqing, Chen Xiang, Gao Yuzhan, Wang Xiangbin   

  1. Rehabilitation Medicine School of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-05 Accepted:2024-01-12 Online:2025-01-28 Published:2024-06-03
  • Contact: Wang Xiangbin, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, Rehabilitation Medicine School of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Gou Yanyun, MD, Lecturer, Rehabilitation Medicine School of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Project), No. 82205306 (to GYY)

摘要:

文题释义

脊柱侧弯:是指脊柱在冠状面、矢状面和水平面出现偏离中轴线的三维畸形。国际脊柱侧弯协会判定人体站立位的脊柱X射线片的侧方弯曲角度——Cobb角大于10°为脊柱侧弯。
三维运动捕捉:是在三维空间中全面记录物体运动的一套设备。常见的三维运动捕捉设备是光学式运动捕捉系统,需要在目标物体的关键位置贴上反光点,即Marker点,使用高速摄像机捕捉目标物体上反光点的运动轨迹,从而反映目标物体在空间中的运动情况。对于人体进行运动捕捉时,经常需要在人体的各个关节和骨性标志处贴上反光球,通过红外高速摄像机拍摄反光点的运动轨迹,随后进行分析和处理,还原人体在空间的运动。

摘要
背景:脊柱侧弯的生物力学分析病例数量有限,仅限于对脊柱或下肢独立进行生物力学分析,缺乏对人体多维度整体的评估,难以反映躯干与下肢在日常活动中的运动关系,不利于综合指导临床治疗。
目的:通过测量脊柱侧弯患者在步行活动中的脊柱运动学,研究脊柱不同节段及下肢运动学/动力学在步态活动中的关系,以全方位多层次评估脊柱侧弯患者与正常人群在生物力学的差异,为临床防治脊柱侧弯提供循证依据。
方法:此研究为一项横断面研究,于2020年7月至2021年6月,在福州大学城、福建中医药大学附属康复医院纳入脊柱侧弯患者28例及同年龄段正常人28例。采用三维运动捕捉系统以100 Hz的采样频率捕捉步态的运动学数据,2块测力台(AMTI 400600,采样频率1 500 Hz)嵌于长10 m(数据采集有效长度为4 m),宽2.4 m平地走道采集动力学数据。比较两组受试者执行平地步行时步态时空参数,运动学及动力学参数的差异。所有受试者在纳入后立即接受全脊柱X射线片测量比较两组差异。
结果与结论:①脊柱侧弯患者肩胛带-躯干相对旋转活动度、胸廓-骨盆相对旋转活动度较正常组小(P < 0.05),骨盆旋转活动度相较正常组大(P < 0.05)。②脊柱侧弯患者髋、膝关节屈伸活动度,髋关节凹凸侧屈伸峰力矩、地反力凸侧内外向峰值较正常组小(P < 0.05)。③脊柱侧弯患者的膝关节屈伸活动度非对称性指数、肩胛带-躯干相对旋转活动度非对称性指数、胸廓-骨盆相对旋转活动度非对称性指数较正常组大(P < 0.05)。④上述结果证实,脊柱侧弯患者在平地行走时肩胛带-胸廓-骨盆之间僵硬的运动模式,髋膝关节屈伸活动度减少,髋关节双侧屈伸力矩峰值及地反力凸侧内外向峰值降低。这些特征可以作为康复评估及治疗方案制定的依据。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4855-999X (苟艳芸);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-8755 (王芗斌) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 特发性脊柱侧弯, 三维运动捕捉, 步态, 平地行走, 运动学, 动力学, 运动模式, 全脊柱X射线片

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The biomechanical analysis of scoliosis cases is limited, with only independent analysis focusing on the spine or lower limbs, thus lacking a comprehensive evaluation of the multidimensional body. As a result, it becomes challenging to reflect the movement relationship between the trunk and lower limbs during daily activities, which hinders comprehensive clinical treatment guidance.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between different segments of the spine and the kinematics/kinetics of the lower limbs during gait activities by measuring spinal kinematics in scoliosis patients, to provide a comprehensive and multi-level assessment of the biomechanical differences between scoliosis patients and the normal population, consequently offering evidence-based guidance for the prevention and treatment of scoliosis.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to June 2021 at the Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Fuzhou University City. A total of 28 scoliosis patients and 28 normal individuals in the same age group were included. Three-dimensional motion capture system was used to capture gait kinematic data at a sampling frequency of 100 Hz. Two force plates (AMTI 400600, sampling frequency 1 500 Hz) were embedded in a 10-meter-long 2.4-meter-wide level ground walkway (with an effective data collection length of 4 m) to collect kinetic data. The differences in spatial-temporal parameters, kinematics, and kinetics of gait between the two groups were compared. Immediately after inclusion, all subjects underwent full spinal X-ray measurements to compare the differences between the scoliosis and normal groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Patients with scoliosis exhibited reduced relative rotational range of motion between the shoulder and trunk, as well as between the thorax and pelvis, compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). However, the rotational range of motion in the pelvis was larger in patients with scoliosis compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). (2) Patients with scoliosis showed decreased range of motion in the hip and knee joints, as well as reduced peak torque in hip joint flexion and extension, and lower peak values of ground reaction forces in the concave and convex directions, in comparison to the normal group (P < 0.05). (3) Patients with scoliosis demonstrated greater asymmetry indices in knee joint range of motion, relative rotational range of motion between the shoulder and trunk, and between the thorax and pelvis, when compared to the normal group (P < 0.05). (4) These findings illustrate a rigid movement pattern among the shoulder, thorax, and pelvis in patients with scoliosis during level walking. There is a reduction in range of motion in the hip and knee joints, as well as decreased peak torque values in hip joint flexion and extension, and ground reaction forces in the concave and convex directions. These characteristics can serve as foundational elements for assessing rehabilitation and developing treatment plans.

Key words: idiopathic scoliosis, three-dimensional motion capture, gait, level walking, kinematics, kinetics, movement pattern, full spinal X-ray film

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