中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 156-163.doi: 10.12307/2024.724

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

富血小板血浆来源的血小板细胞外囊泡分离技术与应用

李  娇1,李晓丰1,2,李剑平1,2,3,4   

  1. 1辽宁省血液中心辽宁省输血医学研究所,辽宁省沈阳市   110044;2 中国医科大学药学院,辽宁省沈阳市   110122;3哈尔滨市血液中心,黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150056;4中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所,江苏省苏州市   215000
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-29 接受日期:2023-10-25 出版日期:2025-01-08 发布日期:2024-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 李剑平,博士,主任医师,辽宁省血液中心辽宁省输血医学研究所,辽宁省沈阳市 110044;中国医科大学药学院,辽宁省沈阳市 110122;哈尔滨市血液中心,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150056;中国科学院苏州生物医学工程技术研究所,江苏省苏州市 215000 并列通讯作者:李晓丰,硕士,主任技师,辽宁省血液中心辽宁省输血医学研究所,辽宁省沈阳市 110044;中国医科大学药学院,辽宁省沈阳市 110122
  • 作者简介:李娇,女,1988 年生,2014年沈阳师范大学毕业,硕士,主管技师,主要从事输血医学相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中国输血协会威高科研基金资助项目(CSBT-MWG-2021-01),项目负责人:李剑平;辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2020-MS-354),项目负责人:李晓丰;沈阳市卫生健康委科研课题(2022096),项目负责人:李娇

Isolation technique and application of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from platelet-rich plasma

Li Jiao1, Li Xiaofeng1, 2, Li Jianping1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. 1Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China; 2School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China; 3Harbin Blood Center, Harbin 150056, Heilongjiang Province, China; 4Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-08-29 Accepted:2023-10-25 Online:2025-01-08 Published:2024-05-20
  • Contact: Li Jianping, MD, Chief physician, Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China; Harbin Blood Center, Harbin 150056, Heilongjiang Province, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China Co-Corresponding author: Li Xiaofeng, Master, Chief technician, Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Li Jiao, Master, Technician-in-charge, Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Weigao Scientific Research Foundation of Chinese Blood Transfusion Association, No. CSBT-MWG-2021-01 (to LJP); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 2020-MS-354 (to LXF); Research Project of Shenyang Health Commission, No. 2022096 (to LJ) 

摘要:

文题释义:
血小板细胞外囊泡:是一种由血小板释放的非均匀的纳米级小泡,富含生物活性分子、遗传物质及蛋白质等信息分子,参与细胞通讯和物质交换,在凝血、组织修复及免疫调节等过程发挥重要作用,活化的血小板主要释放微囊泡和外泌体两种类型的细胞外囊泡。
富血小板血浆:是一种通过离心的方法从血液中提取出来的血小板浓缩物,富含生长因子、细胞因子和抗菌肽等多种生物活性物质,具有促进细胞增殖、分化、基质合成、组织再生与修复等作用,在再生医学领域具有广阔的应用前景。


背景:血小板细胞外囊泡是循环中最丰富的囊泡,富含丰富的生物活性分子、遗传物质及蛋白质等信息分子,参与细胞通讯和物质交换,不仅具有良好的促凝活性,还具有促进组织修复和再生的巨大潜力,在再生医学具有广泛的应用前景。
目的:从血小板细胞外囊泡的分泌机制、在再生医学领域的应用及临床转化的限制因素进行阐述,为血小板细胞外囊泡的临床转化提供一些理论支撑。
方法:应用计算机检索2005年1月至2023年8月PubMed数据库与血小板细胞外囊泡有关的文章,英文检索词为“platelet-derived,platelet-rich plasma,extracellular vesicles,isolated,microvesicles exosomes,applications”,最后纳入符合主题标准的文献62篇进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①活化的血小板细胞外囊泡可产生血小板微囊泡和血小板外泌体两种类型的囊泡,前者的分泌可能与肌动蛋白细胞骨架的不对称性相关,后者的分泌可能与H+-ATP酶的调节相关。②血小板细胞外囊泡是血小板浓缩物和血小板本身的潜在效应物,可能通过促进血管生成、影响细胞行为、促凝与止血以及发挥炎症作用等几方面影响组织再生。③血小板细胞外囊泡在组织损伤、肌肉再生、软骨再生、骨关节炎等再生医学领域已有临床前报道,作为伤口愈合的潜在治疗方法已有临床试验数据,但血小板细胞外囊泡的分离方法、样本来源以及激活剂的种类等因素限制了血小板细胞外囊泡在再生医学领域的临床转化。④未来血小板细胞外囊泡可能成为再生医学中替代富血小板血浆的无细胞疗法,其临床转化还需要积极寻找鉴别血小板细胞外囊泡和血小板外泌体的特异性标志物,在激活剂刺激血小板细胞外囊泡产生的机制以及血小板细胞外囊泡的最佳收集方式、最佳储存方法、保质期限、临床应用的推荐剂量和最佳临床适应证还需要继续深入研究。
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0642-1398(李娇);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5392-0471(李剑平);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3888-6359(李晓丰)


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 血小板来源, 富血小板血浆, 血小板裂解液, 细胞外囊泡, 微泡, 外泌体, 分离, 治疗, 组织损伤, 应用

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant vesicles in the circulation, rich in bioactive molecules, genetic material, proteins and other information molecules, involved in cellular communication and material exchange, not only has good procoagulant activity, but also has the promotion of tissue repair and regeneration, and has a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. 
OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the secretion mechanism of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, their application in regenerative medicine, and limiting factors for clinical transformation, and to provide some theoretical support for the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles.
METHODS: A computerized search of the PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2023 was applied to articles relating to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles with the search terms “platelet-derived, platelet-rich plasma, extracellular vesicles, isolated, microvesicles exosomes, applications”. A total of 62 articles that met the subject criteria were finally included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Activated platelet-derived extracellular vesicles produce two types of vesicles, platelet-derived microparticles, whose secretion may be associated with the asymmetry of the actin cytoskeleton, and platelet-derived exosomes, which may be associated with the regulation of H+-ATPase. (2) Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are potential effectors of platelet concentrates and platelets themselves, and may intervene in tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis, influencing cellular behavior, promoting coagulation and hemostasis, and exerting inflammatory effects. (3) Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported preclinically in the field of regenerative medicine such as tissue injury, muscle regeneration, cartilage regeneration, and osteoarthritis, and clinical trial data are available as potential therapeutic approaches for wound healing. However, factors such as isolation methods, sample sources, and the types of activators limit the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles into the field of regenerative medicine. (4) In the future, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles may become a cell-free alternative to platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine, but the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles needs to actively search for specific markers to differentiate platelet-derived microparticles from platelet-derived exosomes. The mechanism of activator-stimulated platelet-derived extracellular vesicle production, as well as the optimal method of platelet-derived extracellular vesicle collection, the optimal method of storage, the shelf life of the platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, the recommended dosage of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles for clinical application, and the optimal clinical indications need to be further investigated. 

Key words: platelet-derived, platelet-rich plasma, platelet lysate, extracellular vesicle, microvesicle, exosome, isolation, therapeutic, tissue damage, application ,

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