中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (22): 3543-3549.doi: 10.12307/2022.283

• 组织工程骨材料Tissue-engineered bone • 上一篇    下一篇

功能梯度材料胫骨假体的有限元分析

李  志1，陈维毅1，王晨艳1，相昌鑫1，兰伟伟1，王长江2，郭  媛1   

  1. 1太原理工大学生物医学工程学院，山西省太原市   030024；2Sussex大学工程与信息学院，英国布莱顿，BNI 9RH
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-28 修回日期:2021-03-12 接受日期:2021-06-21 出版日期:2022-08-08 发布日期:2022-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 陈维毅，教授，博士生导师，太原理工大学生物医学工程学院，山西省太原市 030024
  • 作者简介:李志，男，1996年生，安徽省六安市人，汉族，太原理工大学在读硕士，主要从事骨与关节的生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(11772214)，项目负责人：王长江；国家自然科学基金(11472185)，项目负责人：郭媛

Finite element analysis of functionally graded materials for tibial prosthesis

Li Zhi1, Chen Weiyi1, Wang Chenyan1, Xiang Changxin1, Lan Weiwei1, Wang Changjiang2, Guo Yuan1   

  1. 1College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China; 2College of Engineering and Information, University of Sussex, Brighton, BNI 9RH, UK
  • Received:2020-01-28 Revised:2021-03-12 Accepted:2021-06-21 Online:2022-08-08 Published:2022-01-11
  • Contact: Chen Weiyi, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Li Zhi, Master candidate, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.11772214 (to WCJ); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.11472185 (to GY)

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摘要：

文题释义：
功能梯度材料：是一种成分和结构会随着材料的体积分数变化而发生改变，并且性能也随之改变的新型复合材料。通过选择两种及以上的材料，利用先进的复合材料技术使材料内部的结构和成分呈现梯度变化，从而实现一种材料上拥有多种材料的特性。
假体无菌性松动：通常指骨和骨关节人工假体植入人体后，由于人工假体的杨氏模量与植入部位骨组织的杨氏模量差异较大，使得骨或关节上的力无法传递到假体周围的骨组织中引发骨吸收，进而引起假体与骨之间产生缝隙，导致假体松动失效。

背景：全膝关节置换后胫骨衬垫的过度磨损，以及关节假体的无菌性松动是导致膝关节假体失效的主要原因。假体与骨骼力学强度差异过大会导致骨上产生应力遮挡，进而诱发假体无菌性松动。 
目的：利用有限元方法分析植入功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials，FGM)胫骨假体后胫骨假体与胫骨近端松质骨的应力响应。
方法：设计了两种不同孔隙率参数的钛合金-羟基磷灰石复合功能梯度材料(命名为FGM Ⅰ、FGM Ⅲ)和一种钛合金-理想骨弹性材料复合功能梯度材料(命名为FGM Ⅱ)，其中FGM Ⅰ的孔隙率参数分别为0.1，1，1，FGM Ⅱ和FGM Ⅲ的孔隙率参数分别为0.4，0，1。建立全膝关节置换三维有限元模型，利用仿真软件Abaqus分析FGM与钛合金材料胫骨假体植入后，在伸直位0°及屈曲位30°和60°三种工况下胫骨假体与胫骨松质骨上的应力分布变化。
结果与结论：①在不同工况下，与钛合金胫骨假体相比，FGM胫骨假体的最大Von Mises应力显著降低，且其松质骨与假体柄端接触部位上的应力明显减小。②胫骨松质骨沿不同路径的应力曲线和平均应力表明，在不同工况下，与钛合金胫骨假体相比，使用FGM假体后胫骨近端松质骨上的应力均有提升，其中FGM Ⅰ提高5.4%-17.3%，FGM Ⅱ提高1.0%-13.5%，FGM Ⅲ提高1.6%-15.4%。③结果表明，FGM胫骨假体有助于增加胫骨近端松质骨上的应力，减弱胫骨近端的应力遮挡效应，进而可降低胫骨假体无菌性松动发生的概率，延长假体的寿命，且FGM Ⅰ在3种FGM假体中效果最好。
缩略语：功能梯度材料：functionally graded materials，FGM

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9201-1951 (李志) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

关键词: 功能梯度材料, 胫骨假体, 有限元, 应力, 应力遮挡, 无菌性松动, 膝关节假体

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive wear of the tibial insert and aseptic loosening of the prosthesis were the main reasons for the failure of the knee prosthesis after total knee arthroplasty. Owing to the large variation of mechanical strength between prosthesis and bone, it would lead to stress shielding on bone, and then induce aseptic loosening of prosthesis.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stress response of cancellous bone in proximal tibia after functionally graded materials (FGMs) tibial prosthesis implantation by finite element method.
METHODS: Two FGMs with different porosity parameters (FGM I and FGM III) were designed using titanium-hydroxyapatite composite. The other was prepared by titanium-ideal bone repairing material and named FGM II. The porosity parameters of FGM I were 0.1, 1 and 1, and the porosity parameters of FGM II and FGM  III  were 0.4, 0 and 1. A three-dimensional finite element model of total knee arthroplasty was established, and the stress distributions of FGM and titanium alloy tibial prostheses were analyzed by Abaqus software under three working conditions of 0° extension, 30° and 60° flexion. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum Von Mises stresses of FGM tibial prostheses were significantly lower than those of titanium alloy tibial prosthesis, and the stresses at the contact zone between the cancellous bone and the stem end were significantly reduced in FGM tibial prostheses groups. (2) According to the stress curve and average stress of the cancellous bone of the tibia along different paths, the stresses of the cancellous bone of the proximal tibia were increased in FGM tibial prostheses groups compared with titanium alloy tibial prostheses, under different working conditions. Specifically, FGM I was increased by 5.4%-17.3%; FGM II was increased by 1.0%-13.5%; and FGM III was increased by 1.6%-15.4%. (3) The results illustrated that FGM prostheses could increase the stress on the cancellous bone of the proximal tibia and reduce the stress shielding effect of the proximal tibia. Therefore, the risk of aseptic loosening was decreased and the availability of the prosthesis was prolonged. Specifically, FGM I tibial prosthesis was the best among the three kinds of FGM prostheses. 

Key words: functionally graded materials, tibial prosthesis, finite element, stress, stress shielding, aseptic loosening, knee prosthesis

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