BACKGROUND: A large number of studies have proved that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can promote the recovery of injured nerve function, but the cell source is limited. Moreover, cell collection is extremely traumatic to the human body, and it is very important to find more suitable seed cells.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of placental mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on behaviors and neurotransmitters in Alzheimer disease rats.
METHODS: Forty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=15 per group): normal group without any intervention or treatment, model group and experimental group treated with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and bilateral hippocampal injection of β-amyloid peptide 25-35. The model of senile Alzheimer disease was established in the latter two groups. After the model was successfully established, placental mesenchymal stem cell suspension (1×108 cells/L, 5 μL) was injected into the hippocampus of the experimental group. The model group did not carry out cell transplantation. Four weeks after transplantation, Morris water maze for behavior observation, brain homogenate neurotransmitter detection and histopathological observation of the hippocampus were carried out.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the normal group, the escape latency at different time points in the model group was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05), and the activity path in the target quadrant was decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the escape latency at different time points in the experimental group was significantly shortened (P < 0.05), and the activity path in the target quadrant was increased (P < 0.05). (2) Compared with the normal group, the levels of monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase in the brain homogenate increased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05), while the level of choline acetyltransferase decreased significantly(P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, the levels of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase in the brain homogenate of the experimental group decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and the level of choline acetyltransferase increased significantly (P < 0.05). (3) In the model group, the number of nerves decreased obviously, the cell space increased, the cell body degenerated, the nucleus became pyknosis, the nucleolus was not obvious, and vacuoles appeared in some cells. Compared with the model group, the nerve morphology of the experimental group was relatively complete and tended to be normal. The number of nerves in the experimental group was increased as compared with the model group. To conclude, placental mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer disease rats and regulate the level of neurotransmitters in the rat brain.
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程