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    28 August 2017, Volume 21 Issue 24 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Osteopontin promotes chondrocyte proliferation in osteoarthritis
    Jiang Wei, Lin Bo-wen, Zhang Xuan, Wang Hua, Gao Shu-guang, Zhang Fang-jie
    2017, 21 (24):  3773-3777.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.001
    Abstract ( 437 )   PDF (4156KB) ( 723 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Osteopontin, a kind of extracellular matrix glycoprotein, has been found to participate in synthesis and catabolism of osteoarthritic chondrocyte extracellular matrix. However, the effect of osteopontin on the proliferation ability of osteoarthritic chondrocytes is little reported.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of osteopontin on the chondrocyte proliferation in human knee osteoarthritis.
    METHODS: Cartilage samples were obtained from the patients with knee osteoarthritis undergoing knee arthroplasty at the Xiangya Hospital from January 2012 to June 2012. The chondrocytes were isolated and cultured, and then divided into four groups: blank control, osteopontin, Con-shRNA and osteopontin-shRNA groups. The cell proliferation was detected by MTT and BrdU assays. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfection of osteopontin-shRNA lentivirus, the infection rate was up to 80%. Compared with the blank control group, osteopontin group showed a significant increase in the absorbance value of osteoarthritic chondrocytes, while after osteopontin-shRNA lentivirus transfection, the absorbance value was significantly decreased (both P < 0.05). Additionally, after osteopontin-shRNA transfection, the expression level of osteopontin was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). To conclude, osteopontin can promote the proliferation of osteoarthritic chondrocytes, which is considered as a new treatment target for osteoarthritis.

     

     

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    Molecular mechanism of Yaotu Granules in the prevention and treatment of lumbar disc degeneration based on RNA-seq technology
    He Sheng-hua, Lai Ju-yi, Sun Zhi-tao, Wang Ye-guang, Wang Jian, Feng Hua-long, Huang Fei-qiang
    2017, 21 (24):  3778-3783.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.002
    Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (4764KB) ( 674 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The Herbal Compound formula Yaotu Granules for lumbar disc degeneration has achieved satisfactory efficacy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible molecular mechanisms of Yaotu Granules for lumbar disc degeneration based on transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq).
    METHODS: Ten New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (n=5 per group), followed by intragastric injection of 20 mL of normal saline and 20 mL of water decoction of Yaotu Granules, respectively, twice daily for consecutive 1 week. The different drug serums were prepared using serum samples obtained from the common carotid artery at 2 hours after the last injection. Human nucleus pulposus cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% different drug serums to observe the cellular morphology in each group. The cell viability was detected by trypan blue staining. The passage 3 human nucleus pulposus cells were pretreated for 48 hours, the mRNA level was detected using RNA-seq, and the differentially expressed mRNA was screened by RNA-seq. Subsequently, the differential gene expression, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Pathway enrichment analysis were performed.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group, there were round or fusiform cells with abundant cytoplasm and clear nuclei that showed smooth surface and complete nuclear membrane; elongated rough endoplasmic reticulum arranged regularly, and less mitochondrion, scattered lysosomes and filaments were visible in the cytoplasm. In the control group, spindle and polygonal cells were found, and the large nuclei with 2 or 3 nucleoli and slightly rough surface were observed; there were mildly dilated endoplasmic reticulum, and few mitochondria with incomplete membrane. The adherent rate, generation time and cell viability of passage 1, 2 and 3 cells in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Sequencing results found that there were 464 differentially expressed genes including 143 upregulated, and 321 downregulated genes. GO analysis revealed that the differentiated genes were mainly concentrated on cell regulation and metabolism. Pathway analysis found that mainly differentiated genes focused on the metabolism related pathways. These findings suggest that the differentially expressed gene profile of Yaotu Granules for lumbar disc degeneration is obtained by RNA-seq technology. Yaotu Granules mainly upregulate extracellular matrix metabolism-related genes and downregulate polysaccharide synthesis related genes in the prevention and treatment of lumbar disc degeneration, which provides basis for further research.

     

     

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    Different staining methods used for human lumbar facet joint cartilage:a comparative study
    Huang Lei-tao, Lai Qi, Li Fan, Bi Hai-di, Wu Xia, Liu Xu-qiang, Zhang Bin, Dai Min
    2017, 21 (24):  3784-3789.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.003
    Abstract ( 572 )   PDF (3859KB) ( 498 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: With the development of modern pathological techniques, the misdiagnosis rate has been reduced remarkably, but special stains are still the most important method for pathological diagnosis.

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the advantages and disadvantages of different special stains used for observing the structure of human lumbar facet joints.
    METHODS: The specimens of facet joint cartilage at L4/5 level were collected from patients undergoing lumbar surgery, and then stained with hematoxylin-eosin, safranin O, toluidine blue, Masson, and saranin-O-fast green for structure observation.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The structure of the articular cartilage could be observed clearly through hematoxylin-eosin, toluidine blue, and saranin-O-fast green staining. The cartilage surface, tidemark, and subchondral bone were shown by the hematoxylin-eosin staining, with the presence of violet chondrocyte nuclei. Safranin-O-fast green staining showed the four layers of the cartilage clearly, including the shallow layer (cartilage surface), middle layer (spherical cells arranged in disorder), columnar cell layer (large and multinucleated chondrocytes arranged neatly), tidemark, subchondral bone layer; and the cartilage matrix was reddish uniformly, the subchondral bone was green, and the cartilage and bone tissue showed a striking contrast. The cartilage structure was unclear in toluidine blue staining, with clear nuclei and almost no coloring cytoplasm, but the matrix appeared with slight purplish blue. Safranin O staining showed that the cartilage was red, which had no obvious boundary with the cartilage matrix, and chondrocytes were stained lightly. Masson staining showed clear collagen fibers, but the structures of the cartilage and subchondral were obscure. To conclude, safranin-O-fast green staining can achieve the best results, followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining in turn.

     

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    Electroacupuncture delays articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis via Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway
    Fu Chang-long, Chen Hou-huang, Zhu Ding-yu, Wu Zhui-le, Xu Xin, Zheng Chun-song, Li Li, Liu Xian-xiang,Li Xi-hai, Wu Ming-xia
    2017, 21 (24):  3790-3795.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.004
    Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (4944KB) ( 670 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that electroacupuncture can delay articular cartilage degeneration mediated by JAK-STAT signaling pathway through upregulating the expression level of transforming growth factor β1 as well as mRNA expression levels of STAT3, Smad3 and LepR. In the meanwhile, electroacupuncture can inhibit the mRNA expression of p38 and Fas mRNA mediated by MAPK signaling pathways, further inhibiting the apoptosis of chondrocytes.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture on the degeneration of articular cartilage in rats with knee osteoarthritis based on Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
    METHODS: 120 male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats aged 2 months olds were selected and randomly divided into normal, model, 15-minite electroacupuncture and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups (n=30 per group). The rats in the latter three groups received the intra-articular injection of 4% papain bilaterally, and the remaining rats received no intervention. At 2 weeks after modeling, the latter two groups were respectively given 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture, five times weekly for consecutive 12 weeks. The morphology of the cartilage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, the expression level of interleukin-1β in the synovium was detected by ELISA assay, and the protein expression levels of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, C-MYC, C-FOS, and C-JUN were detected by western blot analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that: in the model group, the cartilage surface was rough, the cartilage layer became thinner, and the cartilage structure was damaged with incomplete tidal line; in the 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups, the cartilage structure was complete with clear layers and complete tidal line. ELISA showed that the expression level of interleukin-1β in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P < 0.01), and the level in the 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay found that compared with the normal group, the protein expression levels of Ras, Raf, MEK1/2, ERK1/2, C-MYC, C-FOS, and C-JUN were increased in the model group. However, all above protein levels except ERK1/2 in the 15- and 30-minute electroacupuncture groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). To conclude, electroacupuncture inhibits the degeneration of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis via Ras-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway and downregulating the expression level of interleukin-1β.

     
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    Effect of estrogen deficiency on the expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B and interleukin-17 in periodontal tissues
    Jia Zhi, Zhang Feng-wei, Qi Xing-ying, Yan Xiao, Hua Ye, Zhao Meng-ming, Liu Da-yong
    2017, 21 (24):  3796-3802.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.005
    Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (5126KB) ( 610 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There is a very close relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women, but the mechanism remains unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of nuclear factor-κB in the alveolar bone and interleukin-17 in the serum and gingiva in the mouse model of osteoporosis caused by ovariectomy.
    METHODS: Female mice aged 3 months were randomly divided into ovariectomy and sham operation groups. At 6 months after surgery, the mouse models were evaluated histologically on the submandibular bone and thigh bone stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In the submandibular bone, the expression levels of OCN and Runx2 were detected by RT-PCR, and the expression level of nuclear factor-κB was detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay. Besides, the expression level of interleukin-17 in the serum and gingival homogenate was evaluated using Cytometric Beads Array.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The thigh bone in the ovariectomy group revealed the thin cortical bone, enlarged marrow cavity, and increased resorption lacunae, as well as fewer, thinner trabeculae with lower density and irregular structure. Compared with the sham operation group, the expression levels of OCN and Runx2 in the alveolar bone were decreased in the ovariectomy group. The activation of nuclear factor-κB (P65) appeared with P65 positive expression in the submandibular bone in the ovariectomy group, and the relative expression level was higher than that in the sham operation group. The serum level of interleukin-17 in the ovariectomy group was higher than that in the sham operation group, but the level in the gingival tissue showed no significant difference between the two groups. These results indicate that estrogen deficiency after ovariectomy can activate nuclear factor-κB signal pathway to play a role in periodontal osteolysis. However interleukin-17 in the local periodontal tissue may not be a key cytokine to damage the periodontal tissue.

     

     

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    Measuring the thickness of hard palatal mucosa in Han population: cone-beam CT image analysis versus trans-gingival probing method
    Ma Chan-juan, Xuan Dong-ying, Wang Ren-fei, Jin Dong-mei
    2017, 21 (24):  3803-3808.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.006
    Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (1088KB) ( 572 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Hard palate mucosa serves as a main donor material in periodontal plastic surgery and its  thickness is crucial for the surgical outcomes.
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the thickness of hard palate mucosa in Han population, and analyze the consistency between cone-beam CT image analysis and trans-gingival probing method.
    METHODS: A total of 30 Han volunteers (300 teeth) were recruited, and the thickness of hard palate mucosa was measured using cone-beam CT image analysis or trans-gingival probing method, to analyze their consistency.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The two methods showed a higher consistency in the thickness of hard palate mucosa at the cuspid, first and second premolars as well as first and second molars. The thickness of the hard palate mucosa related to the distance from the gingival margin and tooth position, the thickness from the canine region to the second premolar region thickening gradually, and became the thickest at the second molar, and the thinnest at the cuspid. This study for the first time analyzed the thickness of hard palate mucosa in Chinese Han population, and confirmed there is a high consistency between cone-beam CT image analysis and trans-gingival probing method.

     

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    Effectiveness and safety of pulp regeneration and revascularization therapy for pulpal necrosis of the immature permanent tooth: study protocol for a single-center, randomized, controlled, clinical trial
    Li Jing, Wang Er-hui, Wang Yu
    2017, 21 (24):  3809-3814.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.007
    Abstract ( 479 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 534 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Apexification and mineral trioxide aggregate apexification are mainly used to treat pulpal necrosis in the immature permanent tooth, but neither methods can increase the root canal length and thickness. How to promote the root development of the affected teeth based on patients’ potential? Pulp regeneration and revascularization has provided a new direction for clinical treatment, but successful cases are rarely reported.
    OBJECTIVE: To testify the clinical effectiveness of pulp regeneration and revascularization in the treatment of pulpal necrosis, root development stagnation in the permanent teeth caused by caries, odontodysplasia and injury, thus providing reference for clinical application.
    METHODS: We propose to conduct a prospective, single-center, randomized, controlled, clinical trial at Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi Province, China. Eighty-two patients (82 affected teeth) with pulpal necrosis or periapical periodontitis in the immature permanent tooth from December 2013 to December 2016 were selected, and equally randomized into trial and control groups, followed by treated with pulp regeneration and revascularization, and apexification, respectively. The clinical examinations and X-ray radiology were used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months, and the pulp vitality and rot development were observed. The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University of China (approval number: JDKY015-02). All protocols were performed in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was provided by each patient and their family members after they indicated that they fully understood the treatment plan.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Up to March 25, 2017, all patients have been followed up for 6.5-18 months. The treatment success rate in the trial and control groups was 97.6% and 82.9%, respectively, and the intergroup difference was significant (P < 0.05). The positive rate of pulp vitality in the trial and control groups was 24.4% and 0, respectively, which showed significant difference (P < 0.05). The rate of root continuous development showed significant difference between trial and control groups (63.4% vs. 29.3%, P < 0.05). To conclude, compared with apexification, pulp regeneration and revascularization exhibits high success rate in the treatment of pulpal necrosis in the immature permanent tooth, and can contribute to root development.

     

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    Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autologous ipsilateral 1/2 peroneus longus tendon
    Zhang Lei, Zhou Xin, Qi Ji, Guan Tai-yuan, Xie Li-jun, Wang Guo-you, Fu Shi-jie, Li Yi-kai
    2017, 21 (24):  3815-3820.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.008
    Abstract ( 725 )   PDF (1292KB) ( 516 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a commonly sport-induced knee joint injury that does serious harm to the knee stability. ACL reconstruction is a commonly used treatment method, but researches on 1/2 peroneus longus tendon (PLT) graft are rarely reported.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical outcomes of removing the autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction.
    METHODS: 106 patients with complete ACL rupture in the Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University from December 2010 to December 2014 were enrolled, and autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT was removed under arthroscopy for ACL reconstruction. At baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, the knee stability was evaluated manually through the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test, and the knee function was evaluated by Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative anterior drawer test, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test tests were negative in all patients. In terms of Tegner activity scale, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee scores, there were significant differences at baseline and postoperative 3 months as compared with postoperative 6 months (P < 0.05); the scores at baseline and postoperative 3 months showed significant differences compared with 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.05); the scores showed no significant difference between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). These results indicate that autologous ipsilateral 1/2 PLT is a good choice for ACL reconstruction under arthroscopy, achieving rapid and satisfactory functional recovery of the knee joint, which is not only minimally invasive and easy to operate, but also exhibits good therapeutic efficacy. 

     

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    Patient satisfaction survey after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
    Tong Jian, Meng Jia, Bao Ni-rong, Zhao Jian-ning
    2017, 21 (24):  3821-3826.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.009
    Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (949KB) ( 502 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There are many methods for evaluating anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. However, doctors always like to assess the outcome with the objective criteria, such as range of motion and imaging examinations, and patient satisfaction is little considered.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors that may influence the patient satisfaction after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
    METHODS: Ninety-eight patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction were enrolled, including 58 male and 40 female patients, and the average age was 27.4 years old. All patients were followed up (average 17.5 months) to investigate the patient satisfaction. The factors related to the satisfaction were analyzed, such as age, follow-up time, sex, injured knee, mental health, education, economic situation, postoperative athletic ability, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores.  
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the follow-up, 72.4% patients said that they were satisfied with the outcome, and 27.6% dissatisfied with the outcome. The mental health, economy situation, postoperative athletic ability, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were significantly related to the patient satisfaction (P < 0.05). To conclude, improved living and medical standard, intensive communication and psychological counseling, as well as rational postoperative rehabilitation scheme can improve the patient satisfaction after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

     

     

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    Comparison of different cold therapy programs on delayed-onset muscle soreness
    Zhao Chen-yan, Ma Xu, Liu Jian-jun, Ye Dan, Guo Cheng, Wang Shi-he, Geng Yu-dong
    2017, 21 (24):  3827-3832.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.010
    Abstract ( 505 )   PDF (982KB) ( 509 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy plays a positive role in the treatment of delayed-onset muscle soreness caused by high intense exercise.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different crypotherapy programs on the levels of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin 2 in long distance race-walkers after 15-day training, and to determine a rational treatment program for delayed-onset muscle soreness.
    METHODS: Sixteen male race-walkers in Liaoning Province were randomly divided into cryotherapy and cryo/heat therapy groups, and received 10-minute cryotherapy and 2.5-minute cryo/heat therapy (2.5-mintue cryotherapy and 2.5-minute heat therapy alternately for 10 minutes), respectively, after 15-day training. The serum levels of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin 2 were detected at six different time points to compare the efficacy between two methods.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the cryo/heat therapy group, the serum levels of interleukin-6 and prostaglandin 2 in the cryotherapy group were significantly decreased. That is to say, cryotherapy is more available for alleviating delayed-onset muscle soreness after intensive eccentric training or in intensive seasons.

     

     

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    Effect of modified rabbit defensin 1 on peripheral nerve regeneration
    Xu Chun-gui, Zhang Ji-sen, Xu Xin-zhong, Jing Jue-hua
    2017, 21 (24):  3833-3838.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.011
    Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (3623KB) ( 445 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Peripheral nerve injury is a common disease in clinic, which severely affects the patients’ quality of life. How to promote peripheral nerve regeneration is an issue of concern.
    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of modified rabbit defensin 1 on peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
    METHODS: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The rat sciatic nerves were transected and bridged by biodegenerated chitin conduits, followed by the injection of neurotrophic factor (group 1), modified rabbit defensin 1 (group 2) and normal saline (control group) into the gluteus, respectively, for consecutive 7 days.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sciatic nerve function index in the groups 1 and 2 was higher than that in the control group at 4 weeks postoperatively. The order of motor nerve conductive velocity was as follows: group 1 > group 2 > control group. The diameter regenerated fibers and axons, and the myelin thickness in the group 2 were less than those in the group 1, but were more than those in the control group. These results indicate that the modified rabbit defensin 1 can promote peripheral nerve regeneration, which may be related with the clearance of residual myelin by macrophages and the improvement in nerve regeneration environment.

     

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    Preparation of intervertebral disc degeneration models by percutaneous acupuncture rotary-cut under different anesthesia methods
    Lai Ju-yi, He Sheng-hua, Sun Zhi-tao, Wang Ye-guang, Wang Jian, Feng Hua-long, Huang Fei-qiang
    2017, 21 (24):  3839-3844.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.012
    Abstract ( 219 )   PDF (4604KB) ( 612 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Different anesthesia methods significantly impact mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, arterial blood pH and blood viscosity, but what kind of anesthesia method is more suitable for preparation of animal model does not reach an agreement.

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of local anesthesia and general anesthesia for preparation of rabbit intervertebral disc degeneration model in procession of percutaneous acupuncture rotary cut.
    METHODS: A total of 48 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the local anesthesia group and the general anesthesia group. The local anesthesia group was anesthetized with 0.5% lidocaine. The general anesthesia group was intraperitoneally injected with 3% sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). In the two groups, models of intervertebral disc degeneration were established by minimally invasive percutaneous acupuncture rotary cut at L4/5, L5/6 levels. Modeling time was observed in both groups. Disc degeneration was evaluated by the gross observation, MRI detection, and histopathological examination at 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after modeling.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) General observation: the nucleus pulposus gradually with darker color and elasticity reduced in two groups after modeling. (2) MRI T2-weighted image results showed no significant changes in disc signal intensity at early stage, but the signal strength showed a decreasing trend with time. (3) Disc degeneration was evaluated according to Pfirrmann grading. Disc degeneration was gradually increased with time in two groups (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference at postoperative time points in both groups (P > 0.05). (4) Masson staining showed that different degrees of annulus irregular arrangement appear in the two groups 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, but the structure was still intact. 16 weeks later, annulus disorganized, or even breakage in the two groups; no significant difference was detected between the two groups. (5) Safranin O staining showed that nucleus pulposus cells were not significantly reduced in the two groups at 4 weeks, but were significantly reduced at 16 weeks. (6) The average modeling time of local anesthesia group [(15.24±2.67) minutes] was significantly shorter than that in the general anesthesia group [(25.64±6.85) minutes] (P < 0.05). These results indicate that intervertebral disc degeneration model can be successfully established by minimally invasive percutaneous acupuncture rotary cut by using local anesthesia and general anesthesia; however, local anesthesia has a shorter operating time and simple anesthetic procedure. The efficacy was identical between the two methods. 

     
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    Expression and clinical significance of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury
    Li Chun-xu, Zhang Shan-yong, Qi Zhi-ping, Xia Peng, Pan Su, Zan Chun-fang, Yang Xiao-yu
    2017, 21 (24):  3845-3850.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.013
    Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (3927KB) ( 346 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: At present, spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury is considered as the main reason for “secondary paralysis” after spinal decompression, and to control the levels of stress-related proteins and excitatory amino acids plays an important role in the treatment of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression level of protein disulfide-isomerase A3 (PDIA3) after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits.
    METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand white rabbits were enrolled, the models of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury were established using Zivin’s method, and were then randomized into six groups (n=6 per group). The rabbit abdominal aorta in control group was exposed without vascular occlusion and then the abdominal cavity was closed 30 minutes later. In experimental groups, the abdominal aorta was blocked for 30 minutes, followed by 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours of reperfusion, and then the abdominal cavity was closed. The neurological function was evaluated with a modified Tarlov score. The L3-5 lumbar vertebrae were removed, and PDIA3 was screened by two-dimensional fluorescence differential gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry, and then its temporal and spatial changes in the spinal cord were detected by western blot assay and immunohistochemistry.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The function of hind limbs was improved in all the experimental groups after spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the modified Tarlov scores reached the peak at 24 hours after schemia/reperfusion injury, and decreased slightly at 48 hours. The expression of PDIA3 in the control group showed clear imprinting, which was slightly strengthened at 0 hour, became more strengthened at 6-12 hours, significantly reduced to the minimum level at 24 hours, and returned to the level of 6-12 hours at 48 hours after ischemia/reperfusion. Immunohistochemical results showed that there was visible PDIA3 in the cytoplasm of neurons, and the expression level in the interneurons was significantly higher than that in the motor neurons. These results suggest that upregulated PDIA3 appears in the development and progression of spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, indicating that PDIA3 is closely related to spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury, which can be used as a new diagnosis and treatment target. 

     
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    Gait and surface electromyography characteristics in hurdle athletes in a total gait cycle
    Song Qian, Peng Li, Qin Yu-ke, Pei Xi-jun
    2017, 21 (24):  3851-3857.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.014
    Abstract ( 465 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 351 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In recent years, the technical parameters about hurdle athletes are mainly obtained through video analysis and DLT algorithm. However, the gait and surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics during normal walking are little reported.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of the gait and lower limb sEMG signals relative to gait period in hurdle athletes.
    METHODS: Eight male professional hurdlers were selected to perform gait and lower limb sEMG tests on the trail, and the differences in gait and sEMG signals were analyzed by mathematical statistics.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gait parameters of hurdlers showed no significant differences (except step length). In the total gait cycle, along with the gait changing, the right and left side muscles of the same name moved alternately. The median frequency and average power frequency of the tapping leg in the lower limb muscles were greater than those of the swinging leg (except biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius), but the mean EMG and EMG integral values of the tapping leg were smaller than those of the swinging leg. At the stand phase, the median frequency and average power frequency of the tapping leg in the lower limb muscles were greater than those of the swinging leg (except tibialis anterior), but the mean EMG and EMG integral values of the tapping leg were smaller than those of the swinging leg (except soleus). At the swing phase, the median frequency and average power frequency of the tapping leg in the lower limb muscles were greater than those of the swinging leg (except tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius), but the mean EMG and EMG integral values of the tapping leg were smaller than those of the swinging leg (except soleus). To conclude, there are different degrees of differences in the frequency domain and time domain of the lower limb muscles between tapping and swinging legs. Additionally, the muscle strength of the tapping leg is less than that of the swinging leg.

     

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    Establishment of a rat osteoporotic model by ovariectomy combined with glucocorticoid exposure
    Zhang Yu-zhuo, Shen Geng-yang, Zhang Zhi-da, Zhao Wen-hua, Huang Jin-jing, Yu Xiang, Qiu Ting, Lu Yong-qiang, Zhan Mei-qi, Yang Zhi-dong, Yao Zhen-song, Liang De
    2017, 21 (24):  3858-3863.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.015
    Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (2219KB) ( 529 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There are many postmenopausal women taking hormone, which leads to much loss of bone mass, further inducing fragility fractures. The studies on the hormone exposure combined with ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic model are still immature, and the related molecular mechanism remains unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish the rat osteoporotic model induced by ovariectomy combined with glucocorticoid exposure and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism.
    METHODS: Thirty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank control, sham and model groups (n=10 per group). The rats in the blank control group received no intervention; rats in the sham group were clipped off a little of coeliac adipose tissue; the model rats received bilateral ovariectomy and 4-week administration of glucocorticoid.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 weeks after modeling, compared with blank control and sham groups, the model group showed significantly lower bone mineral density of the femur, number of bone trabeculae and bone volume/total volume, and significantly wider bone trabecular spacing. Additionally, the model group revealed the damaged bone trabecular structure and thiner cortical bone. The expression level of Runx2 was downregulated whereas both collagen type 1 α1 and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ mRNA were upregulated in the model group. These findings suggest that ovariectomized rats exposed to glucocorticoid rapidly develop femur osteoporosis, maybe by downregulating the expression of Runx2, as well as upregualting collagen type 1 α1 and peroxisome proliferators activated receptor γ mRNA.

     

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    Electroacupuncture for chronic pain in a model of knee arthritis
    Xu Li-li, Huang Juan, Xu Fang-yuan, Wan Yong-xian
    2017, 21 (24):  3864-3869.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.016
    Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (4625KB) ( 692 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Acupuncture has been found to be effective for alleviating low back pain and acute pain due to knee arthritis, but its effect on chronic pain is under discussion.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture (EA) alleviating chronic pain in a New Zealand rabbit model of knee arthritis.
    METHODS: (1) Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were selected, and the knee osteoarthritis model was established by injecting 4% papain into the knee articular cavity of rabbit’s bilateral hind limbs. The model rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 per group): normal saline plus EA, normal saline plus sham EA, nor-Binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) plus EA, and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups. The dosage of nor-BNI was 1 mg/kg, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. 30-minute EA was given at 2 hours after administration, once daily, until the day the rabbits were killed. Sham EA indicated no given electric current. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores. The rabbits were respectively killed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after administration, the spinal cord was separated, and then fixed with formaldehyde. The expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were detected by immunofluorescence. (2) The other 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into model and control groups (n=12 per group), and the knee osteoarthritis model was established in the former group. Afterwards, the two groups were randomized into two subgroups, followed by given the intrathecal administration of normal saline, or 2 μg interleukin-17 antibody serum dissolved in 10 μL normal saline, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores, and the expression levels of p-NR1 and interleukin-17 receptor were detected by western blot assy.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the nor-BNI plus EA group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The expression level of NRI did not differ significantly between nor-BNI plus EA and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups (P > 0.05). After administration of interleukin-17 antibody serum, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the model group was significantly increased, and the expression levels of interleukin-17 and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased, but still significantly higher than those in the control subgroups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that chronic pain in knee arthritis is the result of an increase in the expression level of NRI induced by interleukin-17. EA can remarkably improve the pain in the model rabbits of knee arthritis by downregulating interleukin-17 in the spinal cord tissues, rather than interleukin-17 receptor.

     

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    Migration and invasion abilities of normal fibroblast-like synoviocytes versus fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis
    Hu Jun, Tang Zi-zheng, Zhang Yu, Shen Wei-gan, Liu Gui-ping, Wang Wen-wen, Liu Jia-huan
    2017, 21 (24):  3870-3874.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.017
    Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (5315KB) ( 605 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial lining layer are related to the cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis as well as bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis.

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the migration and invasion abilities of FLS (MH7A) in rheumatoid arthritis and normal FLS (HFLS).
    METHODS: The capacities of cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell cell migration and invasion assays. The primers of the indicated microRNAs were designed and synthesized, and the expression levels of miRNAs were determined by real-time PCR according to the SYBR®PrimeScript™miRNA RT-PCR Kit instruction.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MH7A possessed stronger migration and invasion abilities than HFLS. Compared with HFLS, obviously upregulated miR-132, -155, -203, -223 and -124, and significantly downregulated miR-15a, -16, 18a, -19a, -26a and -146a were found in MH7A. These findings suggest that the differentially expressed 11 kinds of rheumatoid arthritis-associated miRNAs participate in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis probably by enhancing the migration and invasion capacities of MH7A.

     

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    Isolation and culture of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes growing in sheets
    Huang Shao-dai, Chen Peng, Wu Chao, Hu Dan, Peng Jiang, Tian Jian-wei
    2017, 21 (24):  3875-3880.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.018
    Abstract ( 454 )   PDF (4166KB) ( 283 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The cardiomyocytes obtained by traditional culture methods exhibit poor purity and viability, cells grow in clusters, the connection between cells is less, and most of cells beat separately.
    OBJECTIVE: To obtain high-purity cardiomyocytes presenting with a sheet-like growth by modified culture method.
    METHODS: Myocardial tissues were digested using 0.1% trypsin at 4 ℃ overnight, and then digested repeatedly through the addition of type II collagenase, and finally were isolated and purified by differential adhesion method combined with chemical inhibitors. The morphology of cardiomyocytes was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. The purity of cardiomyocytes was identified by cardic troponin T antibody after cultured for 48 hours. The beating frequency of cardiomyocytes was recorded every two days for 10 consecutive days.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cardiomyocytes adhered within 24 hours of culture, distributed in clusters at 72 hours and grew in sheets at 5-7 days of culture. The survival rate of cardiomyocytes was 96% and the purity identified by immunofluorescence was over 97%. There was no significant difference in the beating frequency at different time. These results suggest that the high-purity and high-viability cardiomyocytes are obtained by the modified culture method, which is an effective method for culturing neonatal cardiomyocytes.

     

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    A modified rabbit model of gouty knee arthritis
    Li Qi, Chen Xu-xu, Li Jian
    2017, 21 (24):  3881-3887.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.019
    Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (1407KB) ( 418 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: An ideal animal model is important for studying gouty arthritis. However, a lack of perfect animal model of gouty arthritis delays the progress in searching for a novel drug and treatment method.

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the modified rabbit model of gouty knee arthritis.
    METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Except blank control group received no intervention; the rabbit greater omentum was removed, which was wrapped with nothing (sham operation group), implanted with 0.1 g/L monosodium urate crystal suspension (conventional group), or 100 mg/kg monosodium urate crystal (modified group) into the suprapatellar cyst of the rabbit right knee. The swelling degree, motor function, and inflammatory response of the knee joint were observed at 1, 2 and 3 days, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after modeling to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the modified model.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The movement function in the modified group was significantly decreased within < weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). The joint swelling index in the conventional and modified groups peaked on day 1 or 2, and then began to decrease. The descent velocity in the modified group was slower than that in the conventional group, and the swelling index showed significant difference between modified and blank control groups at 4 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). The conventional and modified groups presented with overt inflammatory response, synovial hyperplasia, congestion and edema; abundant synovial fluid appeared in the articular cavity; periphery tissue became congestion and edema; the cartilage revealed no obvious damage. The levels of interleukin-6 and -1β in serum and synovial fluid in the conventional and modified groups peaked on days 1 and 2, followed by a decrease, but the modified group exhibited a slower descent velocity compared with the modified group. All above levels in the modified group were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the rabbit model of gouty knee arthritis is successful established by the intra-articular implantation with the autogenous greater omentum-wrapped monosodium urate crystal, which can last more than 4 weeks, longer than the conventional model. 

     

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    Mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on mechano-growth factors
    Ma Zong-min, Li Shu-xian
    2017, 21 (24):  3888-3893.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.020
    Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (1518KB) ( 307 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Mechanotransduction is an issue of concern in the study on the relationship between stress and growth. Mechano-growth factor (MGF) holds stress sensitivity, and exerts similar effect with stress in bone metabolism regulation.

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanotransduction during bone remodeling, and investigate the relationship between stress and growth at molecular level.
    METHODS: The governing equations about the relationship between MGF and mechanical stimulation, regulation of MGF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, regulation of MGF on RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling axis were established, and then the MGF-mediated bone reconstruction model was established to simulate the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimulation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the condition of disuse, there was a decrease in osteoblasts/osteoclasts ratio, bone mass and bone volume fraction, and bone resorption was more than bone formation. Under the condition of overload, there was an increase in osteoblasts/osteoclasts ratio, bone mass and bone volume fraction, and bone formation was more than bone resorption. The simulation results were in accordance with Frost mechanostat theory. These findings show that the mechanobiological model of bone remodeling based on MGF can simulate the bone remodeling process under mechanical stimuli, and achieve mechanotransduction.
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    Purification and cytokine profile of autologous conditioned serum
    Chen Xi, Wang Jian, Li Yi-jia
    2017, 21 (24):  3894-3899.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.021
    Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (996KB) ( 1028 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is a new and safe biological therapy method mainly used for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other similar diseases.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the purification method and cytokine profile of ACS.
    METHODS: Blood obtained equipment (containing 3 mm of glass beads) was used to collect peripheral blood samples that were mixed uniformly and then placed in a 37 ℃ thermostatic incubator for 24 hours, finally filtered to obtain ACS. The quantitative determination of interleukin (IL)-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β was conducted, and the 36 kinds of cytokines were semi-quantitatively detected by cytokine antibody array.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of various cytokines in ACS were obviously increased, among which, IL-1Ra level (important for alleviating osteoarthritis) was increased from 140.25 ng/L to 1 125 ng/L(increased by above 8 times); IL-6 level was increased from 389.5 ng/L to 2 802 ng/L; IL-8 level was not detected firstly and finally increased to 2 822 ng/L. Cytokine antibody array results showed that at least 10 kinds of cytokines in ACS were changed, and most of cytokines were on a rise, and few in decline. These results indicate that the ACS contains IL-1Ra and a variety of cytokines, and some chemokines in the ACS recruit more immune cells to the inflammation sites and accelerate the inflammatory process, further exerting therapeutic effects.

     

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    Gait characteristics of obese children wearing school bags during walking
    Yan Song-hua, Wang Lu, Liang Xiu-qiao, Zhang Kuan
    2017, 21 (24):  3900-3905.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.022
    Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (1145KB) ( 414 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Children usually wear school bags when walking, and overweight school bags do harm to the lower extremity and foot, thus affecting the child development.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of obesity on gait characteristics of children wearing school bags during walking.
    METHODS: Forty pupils were enrolled in accordance with body mass index and “China school-age children and adolescents overweight, obesity screening body mass index classification standard”, including 20 obese children (body mass index: (28.13±3.4) kg/m2) and 20 non-obese ones (body mass index: (17.44±1.57) kg/m2). The gait parameters of children wearing school bags during walking were measured using a 2-m Footscan Plantar Pressure Plate System from RSscan International.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the non-obese children, the peak pressures under the metatarsal heads II-V, midfoot and heel lateral were significantly higher in obese children wearing school bags during walking (P < 0.05). The time to peak pressures under the toes II-V, the metatarsal heads IV, V and midfoot was also significantly higher (P < 0.05). In addition, the arch index for the foot, and right foot axis angle were significantly larger in the obese children as compared with the non-obese children (P < 0.05). To conclude, obese children wearing school bags during walking have weaker walking stability with flatter foot pattern, the larger foot axis angle and dynamic plantar pressure distribution changes compared with non-obese children, which can result in foot damage.

     
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    Relationship between the gene polymorphisms of transforming growth factor beta 1 and interleukin 1 beta and primary knee osteoarthritis in Xinjiang Han and Uygur populations
    Li Hai-tao, Chen Fu-yu, Wang Wei-shan, Meng De-feng, Peng Jiang, Lu Shi-bi, Shi Chen-hui
    2017, 21 (24):  3906-3911.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.023
    Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (4767KB) ( 584 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) have been reported to play an important role in the occurrence and development of primary osteoarthritis. 
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and primary knee osteoarthritis.

    METHODS: Han and Uyghur elderly populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China were surveyed on the prevalence of osteoarthritis, followed by allotted to osteoarthritis and health groups according the symptoms and radiography. Genotyping TGF-β1 -509C/T and -1348C/T and IL-1β -511C/T was performed to analyze the relationship between the gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and IL-1β and osteoarthritis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Alleles T and C with genotypes CC, CT and TT were detected in both two groups. In the Uygur population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T showed significant difference between osteoarthritis and health groups (P < 0.05). In the Han population, the genotype frequency of TGF-β1-1348C/T showed significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the Uygur individuals carrying TT genotype of TGF-β1-509C/T and IL-1β-511C/T, and Han people carrying the TT genotype of TGF-β -1348T are more susceptible to osteoarthritis.

     
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    Clinical effectiveness of annulus repair after discectomy under Mast Quadrant system for lumbar disc herniation
    Jiang Xin, Li Feng, Pan Hai-song, Huo Xiong-tao, Xiao Qiang-bing, Yang Gong-xu
    2017, 21 (24):  3912-3917.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.024
    Abstract ( 517 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 440 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Anular repair after discectomy in intervertebral disc degeneration obtains good clinical outcomes and reduces the recurrent rate, but there is little report on the effective suturing method and reliable instrument.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness of annulus repair after discectomy under Mast Quadrant system for lumbar disc herniation. 
    METHODS: Fifty patients with lumbar disc herniation admitted in the Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM from August 2013 to August 2015 were selected, followed by divided into experimental and control groups (n=25 per group), and then received annulus repair after discectomy and simple discectomy, respectively. The length of incision, operation time and intraoperative blood loss were compared between two groups, and the Oswestry disability index and visual analogue scale scores for lumbago and lower limb pain before and after surgery were detected, as well as the incidence of complications and recurrence were recorded.  
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients in the experimental group completed the follow-up, while only 23 in the control group finished the follow-up. There were no significant differences in the baseline data between two groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative Oswestry disability index and visual analogue scale scores in both two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the visual analog scale score at 1 month postoperatively between two groups (P < 0.05), while the scores at other time points showed insignificant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). There were two cases of recurrence in the control group, one of which received secondary treatment, and the recurrent rate was 9%. In the experimental group, there was only one case of recurrence receiving no treatment, and the recurrent rate was 4%. There were no cerebrospinal fluid leakage, infection, never root injury or other serious complications in both two groups. These results indicate that annulus repair after discectomy is minimally invasive, achieves the reconstruction of disc, and reduces the recurrence rate, which is available for lumbar disc herniation.

     

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    Two-year postoperative use of zoledronic acid prevents secondary fractures following percutaneous kyphoplasty
    Sun Jing-hua, Ruan Wen-li, Zhao Xiao-ling, Chi Xiao-fei
    2017, 21 (24):  3918-3923.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.025
    Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (1189KB) ( 515 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty is the main treatment for senile osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, but increasing number of patients who have not been treated with anti-osteoporosis therapy after operation develop secondary fractures due to decreased bone mineral density and changes of stress.

    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of consecutive 2-year zoledronic acid treatment following percutaneous kyphoplasty for preventing secondary vertebral fracture.
    METHODS: 186 elderly patients with thoracolumbar compressive fractures were divided into experimental (n=84) and control (n=102) groups based on their willingness to receive zoledronic acid treatment or not after percutaneous kyphoplasty. The experimental group was treated with calcium and alfacalcidol followed by 2 years of zoledronic acid treatment, while only calcium and alfacalcidol treatment was done in the control group. The bone mineral density, pain and function were respectively assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index, and the number of refractures was calculated at baseline and at the 2nd year after the second injection of zoledronic acid.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone mineral density, visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores at 2 years after treatment in both two groups were significantly superior to those at baseline (P < 0.05). The number of refractures in the experimental group (n=1) was significantly less than that in the control group (n=9) (P < 0.05). These results suggest that zoledronic acid can prevent secondary fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty in the elderly with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, improve long-term function and clinical effectiveness.

     

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    Bone-cartilage crosstalk: a conversation for understanding the pathogenesis and new treatment strategy of osteoarthritis
    Li Guang-guang, Guo Yang, Dai Guo-da, Ge Wen-jie, Ma Yong, Yuan Han, Dong Wu-xun, Cai Jian-ping
    2017, 21 (24):  3924-3930.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.026
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1128KB) ( 318 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is not only a result from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, but also an imbalance of bone remodeling and crosstalk among tissues in the joints.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of bone-cartilage crosstalk in the progression of osteoarthritis and its new treatment strategy.
    METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures about the relationship between the progress of osteoarthritis and the bone-cartilage crosstalk published from 2007 to 2017. The keywords were “cartilage, interaction, osteoarthritis, pathogenesis, cytokines, signaling pathway” in English and Chinese, respectively. The relationship between the progress of osteoarthritis and the bone-cartilage crosstalk was summarized in views of cytokines, signaling pathway, and new treatment strategy.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 169 articles were retrieved, and finally 54 eligible papers were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is a close physical association between subchondral bone and cartilage, and the bone-cartilage interface is a functioning synergistic unit. Increased vascularization, micro-crack formation and abnormal bone remodeling may accelerate the molecules transporting from cartilage to bone in osteoarthritis. Therefore, the bone-cartilage crosstalk plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.

     

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    Electromechanical delay is a key to neuromuscular transmission
    Pei Zi-wen, Xu Xia, Chen Jian
    2017, 21 (24):  3931-3936.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.24.027
    Abstract ( 464 )   PDF (1135KB) ( 479 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: With the development of sports medicine and rehabilitation medicine, electromechanical delay has been looked as an important index for evaluating the neuromuscular function at abroad. But the relevant research is little reported in China.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the literatures related to electromechanical delay published in recent years, and to explore the mechanisms, influential factors and the application status of the electromechanical delay, thereby providing reference for clinical practice and research.
    METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, WanFang and PubMed databases was performed for articles addressing electromechanical delay published from February 1979 to February 2017. The keywords were ”electromechanical delay, electro-mechanical response time” in English and Chinese, respectively. Repeated and old studies were excluded, and finally 44 eligible literatures were included, including 3 Chinese and 41 English articles.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanisms of electromechanical delay have been clarified. The type of muscle fiber and the level of muscle fatigue can influence electromechanical delay, but the underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Whether age and gender make effect on electromechanical delay is controversial. Electromechanical delay is not only used for evaluating the athletes’ ability to reaction, but also wildly used to investigate the mechanism of various sports injuries and evaluate the effectiveness of rehabilitation.

     

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