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10 December 2014, Volume 18 Issue 51 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Different methods to extract total RNA from the knee cartilage tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats Sun Zhi-tao, Niu Wei, He Sheng-hua, Lin Ding-kun 2014, 18 (51):  8201-8205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.001 Abstract ( 491 )   PDF (491KB) ( 872 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are many methods to extract cartilage RNA reported in the literature, and classic Trizol method has been mostly reported in China. However, it is discovered that RNA extracted by the Trizol method cannot meet the needs of the follow-up experiments. OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference of different methods to extract total RNA from the cartilage tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Nine Sprague-Dawley rats of 3 months old were selected to extract total RNA respectively by Rneasy Lipid Tissue Kit, RNAout kit and classic Trizol method. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to detect RNA integrity in order to explore the best extraction scheme of total RNA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When Trizol method was used to extract RNA, the A260/A280 value was 1.58, indicating that the purity was not high. Due to a large number of proteoglycan and collagen in the cartilage, RNA extracted using RNAout method cannot meet the needs of the follow-up study. When RNeasy® Mini Kit and liver method (Trizol) were used to extract RNA, the A260/A280  values were 2.00 and 1.98, respectively, indicating that the extracted total RNA or nucleic acid had high purity. The RNA electrophoresis results showed that using RNeasy ®Mini Kit, RNAout and liver method (Trizol), 18 s, 28 s and 5 s stripes were visible; but there was no stripe using Trizol method. For RNAout method, 28 s and 18 s stripes were unclear. These results show that the total RNA obtained by the Rneasy Lipid Tissue Kit has the high purity, integrity and stability, and can successfully synthesize double-stranded cDNA by reverse transcriptase, but RNAout kit and classic Trizol methods cannot meet the need of subsequent experiments. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary culture and identification of kitten extraocular muscle myoblasts Liu Tao, Liu Gui-xiang, Yin Ya-nan, Zhou Juan 2014, 18 (51):  8206-8211.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.002 Abstract ( 218 )   PDF (578KB) ( 663 )   Save BACKGROUND: Strabismus models need to be made in senior mammals with certain binocular visual function and eyes located forward, such as Felidae. Myoblasts of cat extraocular muscle via in vitro isolation and cultivation are with characteristics including high purity, strong vitality, and uniform biological characteristics, which are critical for tissue engineering and feasibility of drug therapy for strabismus.   OBJECTIVE: To explore an experimental method for primary culture of kitten extraocular muscle myoblast. METHODS: Myoblasts from kitten extraocular muscle were obtained by the two-step enzymatic digestion method and pre-plating technique, and then passaged following primary culture in vitro. The cells were counted and observed by light microscopy combined with immunocytochemical identification. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Myoblasts grew well under the growth medium and differentiated well under the differential medium, which could be fused into myotube and express Desmin. The two-step enzymatic digestion method conveniently permits the purification and proliferation of myoblasts. These results provide the basis for future studies to further observe the growth characteristics of myoblasts and discuss the feasibility of drug treatment of strabismus. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chiropractic e-Impulse therapy repairs osteoblasts and produces tensile and compressive stresses Yang Jie-hua, Xian Xiao-qi, Ou Da-ming, Sun Jing, Deng Jun-ke 2014, 18 (51):  8212-8216.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.003 Abstract ( 514 )   PDF (268KB) ( 602 )   Save BACKGROUND: American spinal corrective electric gun intelligent instrument hand, alternative to traditional massage, in treatment of nonspecific low back pain-induced waist motor dysfunction has good clinical effects. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of chiropractic e-Impulse therapy versus traditional massage in treatment of nonspecific low back pain-induced waist motor dysfunction so as to provide basic evidence for clinical treatment on the nonspecific low back pain using spinal corrective electric gun. METHODS: A total of 78 patients with nonspecific low back pain were randomly divided into two groups: a treatment group (n=39) treated with chiropractic e-Impulse therapy, and a control group (n=39) treated with traditional massage. Both groups were given lumber functional exercises after 2 weeks of treatment. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were used to assess patients with nonspecific low back pain. The clinical cure rate and safety were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 weeks after treatment, the Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were better in two groups when compared with those before the treatment (P < 0.01). The Visual Analogue Scale and Oswestry Disability Index were significantly improved in the treatment compared with the control group at 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.01). The clinical effects of chiropractic e-Impulse therapy were superior to that of the traditional massage in treatment of nonspecific low back pain-induced motor dysfunction. The healing rate was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, the work intensity of the therapist was reduced and the efficiency was greatly improved. None of the patients affected adverse reaction. Above data suggested that the chiropractic e-Impulse therapy in the nonspecific low back pain and lumbar motor dysfunction is clear and secure that can produce energy gradient difference and twisting tension between different tissue densities, especially between bone and tendon, between bone and soft tissue, and inside bone tissue, and produce a series of physical effects. Chiropractic e-Impulse therapy can greatly improve the efficiency and reduce wrist injury to the therapist. Chiropractic e-Impulse, alternative to traditional massage, is effective, feasible and safe. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Skeletal muscle pain: the possible development of latent myofascial trigger points in the junction of brachioradialis muscle and tendon of obese people Tang Li, Huang Qiang-min 2014, 18 (51):  8217-8222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.004 Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (278KB) ( 530 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that obesity is associated with skeletal muscle pain, but the specific factors have not yet been discovered. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possible development of latent myofascial trigger points in obese people. METHODS: Fifty-seven obese persons (aged 9-20 years) who participated in the summer camp of weight loss were investigated (for participants younger than 18 years old, written consent was obtained from their parents). Their body fat rate was more than 30%. A pressure algometer was used to measure the pressure pain thresholds at three different sites in the brachioradialis muscle: the lateral epicondyle at elbow (site A, assumed to be the A-TrP site), the mid-point of the muscle belly (site B, assumed to be the MTrP site), and the muscle-tendon junction as a control site (site C). In addition, 19 obese persons were selected randomly. They did the based exercise in badminton and table tennis in the next 2 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that, for all the obese participants in this study, the mean pressure pain threshold was lowest at the site B and highest at thesite C. For different genders, the pressure pain thresholds at the site A were significantly lower in the female than the male. With the increase of body mass index, the pressure pain thresholds at the site B was increased. However, no significant difference in the pressure pain thresholds at these three sites was found before and after exercise. It is concluded that the latent trigger point may appear in the brachioradialis after 9 years old. Women may be more likely to form the attachment trigger point in the tendon. Movement has no effect on the activation and elimination of latent trigger points. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mucosal perforation in open maxillary sinus lift and dental implantation after restoration Wu Pei-ling, Zhang Xiao-qian, Nijiati Tuerxun, Li Yi-ming 2014, 18 (51):  8223-8227.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.005 Abstract ( 530 )   PDF (230KB) ( 568 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mucosal perforation is the most common complication in open maxillary sinus lift, which limits the clinical application of dental implantation. Clinical effects of precise operation in open maxillary sinus lift with dental implant for mucosal perforation.   OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause of mucosal perforation in maxillary sinus lift with dental implant and to observe the effect of dental implantation after perforation closure. METHODS: Twenty-nine cases underwent open maxillary sinus lift (39 implants). Mucosal perforation was repaired by absorbable biofilms, and coralline hydroxyapatite was used as a bone graft material in open maxillary sinus lift. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight of 29 cases (20.5%) developed mucosal perforation, among which, 5 were repaired and implanted instantly, and the other 3 cases underwent sinus lifting and delayed dental implantation. No infection occurred, and only one case appeared to have implant shedding. All the 29 cases (39 dental implants) completed the restoration, and no implant loosening and pain occurred. These findings indicate that mucosal perforation in maxillary sinus lift is mainly related to the mucosal condition of the sinus floor, choice of operating instruments and surgeon’s operating skill. Based on the proper mucosal repair and appropriate selection of dental implants, open maxillary sinus lift with instant or delayed dental implantation can both achieve satisfactory effects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthognathic correction of mandibular prognathism guided by Delaire cephalometric analysis: reconstruction of cranio-maxillo-facial structure Zhang Yu-wei, Wang Qian, Zhang Bi, Ni Xin, Wang Tao 2014, 18 (51):  8228-8232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.006 Abstract ( 490 )   PDF (405KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: The most effective treatment of mandibular prognathism is orthodontic-orthognathic surgical treatment, but the postoperative relapse is the common complication that influences the surgical effects. Based on the individual integral cranio-maxillo-facial structure, Delaire cephalometric analysis can establish the ideal cranio-maxillo-facial structure that can be applied to design the operative schemes thereby promoting postoperative stability. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the stability and effect of orthognathic operations according to the schemes designed by Delaire cephalometric analysis. METHODS: Twenty mandibular prognathism patients were subjected to the orthognathic operations designed by Delaire cephalometric analysis, to analyze their lateral cephalometric radiographs before operations, 6-8 months after operations and 12-16 months after operations. Then measurement data of 19 relevant items were measured and analyzed statistically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was no statistical significance in relapse of Go-Me and Go-LA after surgery; (2) The ∠Mp-F7 and ∠Op-F8 were reduced significantly after orthognathic treatment; (3) ∠F3-F7, ∠F4-F7 and ∠F7-F8 had no significant difference at these three time points; (4) ∠cc-SN was increased after orthognathic treatment. The results show that the orthognatic operations for mandibular prognathism patients guided by Delaire analysis can keep relative stability after treatment, the cranio-maxillo-facial structure can adapt to the new jaw morphology, and there is no obvious relapse after treatment. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of mouse nerve growth factor on osteoporosis after peripheral nerve injury Zi Ying, Liu Xin-wei, Li Zhe, Deng Lian-fu 2014, 18 (51):  8233-8237.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.007 Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (324KB) ( 501 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis after nerve injury has different pathogenesis from osteoporosis of other causes. A more complex set of factors can be involved in the occurrence and development of osteoporosis after nerve injury. In addition to the loss of stress stimulation, cytokines abnormalities, abnormal nerve function and variation of hormone levels are all involved in osteoporosis after nerve injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the interaction between nerve injury and osteoporosis by using living animal experiments. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control and denervation groups. Denervated rat models were caused by cutting off the femoral nerve, and then subdivided into model group and nerve growth factor group. Rats in the nerve growth factor group were subjected to 0.2 mL nerve growth factor injection into the gastrocnemius of bilateral lower limbs, once a day; while rats in the model group were subjected to the same volume of saline. No treatment was done in the normal control group. After 30 days, the rats were weighted and blood samples were collected followed by killing, and then the femur bone was taken out for histomorphometry examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After injection of nerve growth factor, the body mass and trabecular bone volume of rats in the nerve growth factor group was significantly higher than those in the model group, indicating local injection of nerve growth factor could obviously reduce the extent of osteoporosis in denervated rats, and meanwhile weaken the weight loss due to denervation. However, there was no change in blood calcium and phosphorus concentrations in each group. Experimental findings suggest that neurological osteoporosis does not originate from the loss of calcium and phosphorus, but by structural changes in the trabecular bone; meanwhile, exogenous mouse nerve growth factor is of positive significance for osteoporosis following after nerve paralysis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of lipopolysaccharide stimulation combined with heat stress on release of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human intestinal epithelial cells cultured in vitro Sun Jie, Chen Rui, Dong Jia-hui, Jiang Qiao, Sun Zhao-kun, Guo Zhen-hui 2014, 18 (51):  8238-8242.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.008 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (307KB) ( 508 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is no practical and reliable experimental evidence for changes in molecular biology of intestinal epithelial cells suffering from heat stress, intestinal bacteria and endotoxin produced by bacteria. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of lipopolysaccharide stimulation combined with heat stress on human intestinal epithelial cell injury and release of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. METHODS: Human intestinal epithelial cell lines (SW 480) cultured in vitro was seeded into culture dishes at a density of 3×105, and then divided randomly into four groups: control group was cultured in an incubator of 37 ℃; heat stress group was cultured in the incubator of 43 ℃ for 2 hours; lipopolysaccharide group was stimulated by 1 mg/L lipopolysaccharide for 6 hours; lipopolysaccharide+heat stress group (combination group) was subjected to heat stress for 2 hours followed by lipopolysaccharide stimulation for 6 hours. WST-1 method was used to investigate the cytotoxic effect and cell survival rate, and ELISA assay was used to investigate the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the cytotoxic effect increased, and the cell survival rate reduced as well as the level of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha increased in the heat stress and lipopolysaccharide groups. Synergistic effects were visible in the combination group. These findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide and heat stress alone can both induce cell injury, increase the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and there is a synergistic effect between them. Experimental findings from this study may be an objective experimental basis for understanding the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure caused by bowel dysfunction, intestinal bacteria and endotoxin translocation during the pathological process of severe heat stroke. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Attachment and proliferation of fibroblasts and osteoblasts: effects of uniform micro-groove patterns with different widths Mao Fei-fei, Chen Shu-hui, Nie Fei-long, Lu Hui, Chen Jing, Wei Shi-cheng 2014, 18 (51):  8243-8247.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.009 Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (532KB) ( 569 )   Save BACKGROUND: The adhesion and proliferation of eukaryotic cells is affected significantly by the microstructure of biocompatible materials.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of microstructure of titanium surfaces on adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts, and explore topography surfaces for implant. METHODS: Titanium materials with five kinds (100, 50, 20, 10 and 5 µm) of uniform micro-groove surfaces were prepared in 2 µm depth, and smooth titanium plate served as the control group. The roughness of the different titanium sample and surface wettability were detected. The titanium samples of different morphologies were co-cultured with osteoblast MG63 and fibroblasts L929 in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surface wettability and surface roughness of micro-grooved titanium groups increased compared with the control group. Effects of different micro-groove surfaces had different effects on the attachment and proliferation of different cells. Uniform micro-groove surfaces generally promoted fibroblast adhesion and osteoblast proliferation (P < 0.05). However, the micro-groove of which scale was similar to cell size had a negative impact on cell behavior. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 combined with dexamethasone on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts Tao Yu-fei, Jiang Shao-yun, Yan Zhi-min, Zhen Zhen, Deng Jia-yin 2014, 18 (51):  8248-8253.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.010 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (636KB) ( 484 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is novel research field in repairing periodontal tissue defects by human gingival fibroblasts combined with cytokines.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-2 combined with dexamethasone on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts. METHODS: Human gingival fibroblasts at passage 3 were divided into five groups: DMEM, basal osteogenic medium, basal osteogenic medium and dexamethasone, basal osteogenic medium and bone morphogenetic protein-2, basal osteogenic medium, dexamethasone and bone morphogenetic protein-2 groups. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT. Osteogenic differentiation was examined by alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining and reverse transcription PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human gingival fibroblasts had the potency of osteogenic differentiation. Dexamethasone and bone morphogenetic protein-2 had no significant influence on the proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts. Alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition were promoted by dexamethasone or bone morphogenetic protein-2, especially by both together. Combination of dexamethasone and bone morphogenetic protein-2 can promote the expression of osteogenic related-genes, which enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human gingival fibroblasts effectively. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and mechanism of bcl-2 and bax in high glucose-mediated apoptosis of human periodontal ligament cells Ren Wei-wei, Chen Shu-lan, Qiu Jing, Lu Shu-lai, Liu Hai-rong, Liu Shi-hai 2014, 18 (51):  8254-8260.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.011 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (376KB) ( 487 )   Save BACKGROUND: High glucose can trigger the apoptosis of human periodontal ligament cells, in which, whether bcl-2 and bax are started? How do they work? There is still no relevant report.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high glucose on bcl-2 and bax mRNA expression as well as apoptosis in human periodontal ligament cells in vitro.  METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells were primarily cultured and identified. Then, cells at 5-8 passages were selected in this experiment. Cells were treated with 5.5 mmol/L (control group) and 25 mmol/L (high glucose group) glucose for 24 and 48 hours. Cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and the expression of bcl-2 and bax mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: High glucose (25 mmol/L) could induce the apoptosis of human periodontal ligament cells and increase bcl-2 and bax significantly. The bcl-2/bax ratio showed a more significant decline in the high glucose group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that high glucose can induce the apoptosis of human periodontal ligament cells, in which, Bcl-2 family plays an important role. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transforming growth factor beta 1 induces the transdifferentiation of human renal tubular epithelial cells: the influence of Notch1 receptor specific inhibitor Zeng Hong, Zhou Yi, Yao Guo-yuan 2014, 18 (51):  8261-8268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.012 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (2067KB) ( 451 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the pathological state, a variety of cells can be involved in the tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition into myofibroblasts mediated by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), thereby accelerating the progress of renal tubular interstitial fibrosis.   OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, specific inhibitor of Notch1 receptor can effectively block, completely or partially reverse the tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by TGF-β1. METHODS: Normal human kidney epithelial cell lines (HK-2) cultured in vitro were used to establish in vitro model of tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and then divided into blank control group, 10 μg/L TGF-β1 group, 10 μg/L TGF-β1+5 μmol/L DAPT inhibited group, 10 μg/L TGF-β1+5 μmol/L DAPT partially delayed group, 10 μg/L TGF-β1+5 μmol/L DAPT delayed group. After 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the HK-2 morphologic changes were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope; the expressions of a-smooth muscle actin and E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels were examined respectively by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the blank control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of a-smooth muscle actin and E-cadherin were respectively increased (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05) significantly at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after intervention. (2) There was no difference in the mRNA and protein expression of a-smooth muscle actin and E-cadherin between the blank control group and TGF-β1+DAPT inhibited group (P > 0.05). (3) In the TGF-β1+DAPT partially delayed group, the mRNA and protein expressions of a-smooth muscle actin were increased at 12 hours (P < 0.05), and then gradually decreased (P < 0.05); the expression of E-cadherin protein began to decrease at 24 hours (P < 0.05), and then increased gradually; the mRNA expression of E-cadherin was similar in the TGF-β1+DAPT partially delayed group and blank control group at different time points after intervention; the mRNA and protein expressions of a-smooth muscle actin and E-cadherin showed no difference from the blank control group at 72 hours after intervention (P > 0.05). (4) Compared with the blank control group, the expressions of a-smooth muscle actin and E-cadherin were respectively increased (P < 0.05) and reduced (P < 0.05) significantly after intervention in the TGF-β1+DAPT delayed group, but there was no difference in the expression of E-cadherin at 72 hours after intervention between the two groups. These findings indicate that DAPT can partially but not completely block and reverse the tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition by TGF-β1. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Kruppel-like factor 6 overexpression on cholesterol accumulation in macrophages Wang Hui-qing, Zhang Zong-qi, Huang Wen-hong, Wang Xiao-fei, Zhu Yan 2014, 18 (51):  8269-8274.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.013 Abstract ( 438 )   PDF (349KB) ( 455 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) gene is closely related to macrophage polarization. However, the role of KLF6 in the formation of macrophage foam cells is completely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of KLF6 gene on oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced cholesterol accumulation and expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. METHODS: RAW264.7 cell lines were transfected with lentiviral empty vector and recombinant vector carrying pCDH-KLF6, respectively, which acted as control group and KLF6 gene group. RAW264.7 cell lines stably transfected with lentiviral empty vector and recombinant vector carrying pCDH-KLF6 were cultured in 50 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 hours to establish ox-LDL group and ox-LDL+KLF6 group, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The contents of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester in the ox-LDL group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and the ox-LDL+KLF6 group (P < 0.05). In addition, the ratio of cholesterol ester to total cholesterol in the ox-LDL group was also lower in the ox-LDL+KLF6 group than the ox-LDL group (P < 0.05). However, the intracellular lipid level was lower in the control and KLF6 groups than in the two ox-LDL groups, and there was no difference between the control and KLF6 groups. These findings indicate that KLF6 can upregulate the expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 and inhibit the cholesterol accumulation induced by ox-LDL in RAW 264.7 macrophages． 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression and significance of interleukin-17 in rejection after kidney transplantation Sun Shu, Li Zhou-li, Cai Ming, Wang Qiang2 Jin Hai-long, Chen Chang-qing, Liu Zhi-jia, Kong Xiang-rui, Li Cong-ran, Shi Bing-yi 2014, 18 (51):  8275-8280.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.014 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (335KB) ( 418 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interleukin-17 is a potent inflammatory cytokine, which has been greatly reported in acute rejection research but little in chronic rejection or acute and chronic rejection research.   OBJECTIVE: By studying the correlation between interleukin-17 and renal allograft rejection, to explore the asociation between interleukin-17 and rejections. METHODS: In accordance with the inclusion criteria strictly, health physical examination persons (15 caess) and kidney transplantation recipients (47 caess) were choosed and divided into four groups: normal group (15 cases), stable renal function group (20 cases), acute rejection group (15 cases), and chronic rejection group (12 cases). The relative expression levels of interleukin-17 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these four groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Then differences between four groups were compared and the correlations with the serum creatinine and the rejection time were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression levels of interleukin-17 mRNA in the acute rejection and stable renal function groups were signfiicantly different from that in the normal group. The expression level of interleukin-17 mRNA in the chronic rejection group was increased by 2.89 times, showing a significant difference from the stable group (P < 0.01). In the acute and chronic rejection groups, the expression level of interleukin-17 mRNA had no significant correlation with serum creatinine level and postoperative rejection time. These findings indicate that interleukin-17 is of significance in renal allograft rejection. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of active immunotherapy with lymphocytes on repeated implantation failure Zhao Fang, Lv Yu-zhen, Wang Juan, Jiang Yi, Tian Ke-ke 2014, 18 (51):  8281-8285.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.015 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (310KB) ( 550 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many reports addressing the good effect of active immunotherapy on repeated miscarriage, but the effect of active immunotherapy on repeated implantation failure needs to be confirmed by further studies. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of active immunotherapy with lymphocytes on repeated implantation failure in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer． METHODS: Active immunotherapy with lymphocytes was done in 52 repeated implantation failure patients lacking blocking antibodies. Repeated implantation failure patients were divided into two groups: study group (74 cycles): active immunotherapy was done and blocking antibodies turned positive before embryo transfer; control group (92 cycles): active immunotherapy was not done before embryo transfer. The pregnancy outcome was compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the active immunotherapy with lymphocytes, the positive rate of blocking antibodies was 92% in repeated implantation failure patients. The pregnancy rate and implantation rate of study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the miscarriage rate between two groups (P > 0.05). So the active immunotherapy with lymphocytes in repeated implantation failure patients may be helpful to improve the rate of pregnancy in following embryo transfer. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Two arsenicals induce apoptosis of islet cells Yao Xiao-feng, Wang Fang-fang, Jiang Li-ping, Geng Cheng-yan, Zhong Lai-fu, Zheng Bai-lu, Yang Guang, Sun Xian-ce 2014, 18 (51):  8286-8291.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.016 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (736KB) ( 414 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, epidemiological data show an association between arsenic exposure and diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying mechanism of arsenic-induced apoptosis in pancreatic β cells to elucidate the pathogenesis of arsenic-related diabetes. METHODS: Rat pancreatic β cells (INS-1) were treated with sodium arsenate (iAs5+) (50, 100, 200 µmol/L) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA5+) (100, 200, 400 µmol/L) for 24 or 48 hours. The cytotoxicity of arsenic was detected by MTT assay in INS-1 cells. The arsenic-induced apoptosis was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI and Hoechst33258 staining. The intracellular reactive oxygen species level was detected by 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein staining. The P53 expression level was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: iAs5+ (> 50 µmol/L), DMA5+ (> 100 µmol/L) reduced the INS-1 cell viability     (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); after treating with iAs5+ (50-200 µmol/L) and DMA5+ (100-400 µmol/L) for 48 hours, both arsenic compounds induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. The intracellular reactive oxygen species level increased in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), after treating with iAs5+ and DMA5+ for 24 hours respectively; the nuclear expression level of P53 protein in INS-1 increased after treating with iAs5+(P < 0.05,P < 0.01); however, DMA5+ did not increase the P53 level significantly. In summary, both iAs5+ and DMA5+ can induce apoptosis in INS-1 cells, which may be related with arsenic-induced rise in intracellular reactive oxygen species. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Novel cationic phosphorylcholine polymer acts as an anti-sense oligonucleotide gene delivery carrier Lu Yong-zhi, Sun Tian-tian, Cao Xi-chuan, Zhang Zhuo-qi, Wang Zhi-rong, Xu Wu, Hao Zhan-jun, Wang Xiang-dong, Zhang Chao-qun, Xia Yong, Li Dong-ye 2014, 18 (51):  8292-8296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.017 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (481KB) ( 442 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although viral gene vector has high transfection efficiency, its safety has been questioned. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of gene-based drug delivery with the carrier of cationic phosphorylcholine polymers on the load and transport capacity of human c-myc anti-senseoligodeoxynucleotide, and to evaluate the safety and efficacy. METHODS: Highly biocompatible diblock phosphorylcholine copolymer MPC30-DEA70 was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization and the copolymer solutions were characterized. Under different conditions, DNA complexes were formed between MPC30-DEA70 and c-myc anti-senseoligodeoxynucleotide at different N/P ratios, which were characterized by DNA gel electrophoresis. The MPC30-DEA70/AS-OD gene complexes   were transfected into the in vitro cultured HEK293 cells to detect the cell compatibility, transfection efficiency and mechanism of intracellular transport. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that the material MPC30-DEA70 at pH=4.0-11.0, showed a high degree of water-soluble property in 0.01 mol/L PBS solution, and the positive charge was increased with the decreasing of solution pH value. MPC30-DEA70/AS-ODN complexes showed different degrees of gel retardation in DNA gel electrophoresis, and was increased significantly with the increasing of N/P ratios. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay showed that the MPC30-DEA70 inhibited the viability of the HEK293 in a dose-dependent manner, and cell toxicity was significantly increased in high dose MPC30-DEA70. Flow cytometry study showed the transfection of the complexes was significantly enhanced with the increasing of N/P ratios. Confocal microscopy study found the transferred anti-senseoligodeoxynucleotide molecules in the cell nucleus, suggesting its effective nuclear localization. The results indicate that novel cationic phosphorylcholine copolymer can load and transport anti-senseoligodeoxynucleotide, which may act as an efficient and safe non-viral gene transfer vector. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and identification of rabbit tendon cells Wang Yu-cong, Zhang Qian-fa 2014, 18 (51):  8297-8300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.018 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (332KB) ( 676 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tendon cells are characterized by high differentiation potentials, slow proliferation rate, and even lost proliferation capacity after passage in vitro. Therefore it is necessary to establish the ideal isolation and culture patterns of tendon cells in vitro.   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the isolation, culture and identification of tendon cells. METHODS: The flexor tendon of New Zealand fetal rabbits were cut under sterile conditions, the peritenon of flexor tendon was removed by microsurgical technique. Tendon cells were isolated with Henderson-step enzymatic digestion method and cultured in a complete medium consisting of DMEM/F12 and 20% fetal bovine serum for primary culture and passage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tendon cells with high purity can be successfully isolated by different enzymatic digestion methods, and the cultured cells well proliferated and passaged in vitro. The immunohistochemical staining showed that, passage 2 cells were positive for collagen type I antibody, but negative for collagen type III antibody. These evidences confirmed that the cultured cells are tendon cells. Tendon cells can be isolated, proliferated and passaged in vitro. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transfection efficiency of Lentivirus carrier to Schwann cells in vitro Lian Xiao-feng, Xu Jian-guang, Zeng Bing-fang, Zhou Wei, Kong Wei-qing, Zhang Tao, Hou Tie-sheng 2014, 18 (51):  8301-8304.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.019 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (455KB) ( 614 )   Save BACKGROUND: The Lentivirus carrier studied in recent years has been widely used in the gene transfection experiment due to its strong transfection ability and high transfection efficiency. OBJECTIVE: To study the transfection efficiency of Lentivirus carrier to primary Schwann cells in vitro. METHODS: The virus vector was constructed with Lentivirus three-plasmid system. In vitro, the primary Schwann cells were transfected by recombinant virus with different-multiplicities of infection (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40). At 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days after transfection, fluorescent expression of Lentivirus was observed under fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was calculated in the counting squares of the microscope. Green fluorescence presented the transfected Schwann cells, and the others were untransfected Schwann cells. Then the transfection efficiency was calculated.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 days after transfection, the small amount of fluorescence could be seen in the culture dishes with different multiplicities of infection, and then the fluorescence amount was increased at 5 days after transfection. It reached peak after 7 days. There was no significant difference in the fluorescence amount between 7 and 9 days after transfection. Different multiplicities of infection could lead to different transfection efficiencies: the transfection efficiency was 45% when the multiplicity of infection was 1; the transfection efficiency was 80% when the multiplicity of infection was 5; the transfection efficiency was 90% when the multiplicity of infection was 10; the transfection efficiency was 78% when the multiplicity of infection was 20; and the transfection efficiency was 70% when the multiplicity of infection was 40. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of collagen type I and type II after articular cartilage injury Zhang Meng, Zhou Jia-jun, Luo Zong-ping 2014, 18 (51):  8305-8309.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.020 Abstract ( 1149 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 1612 )   Save BACKGROUND: The relationship between collagen type I and osteoarthritis is still controversial, and expression patterns of collagen type I are not yet fully understood. There is lack of relevant research addressing the above-mentioned issues. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patterns of expression of collagen type I, and to contribute to the roles of collagen type I in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. METHODS: The articular cartilage injury model was created in 10 New Zealand white rabbits. A 5 mm longitudinal wound was made in the middle of femoral trochlear groove using a scalpel. At 2 and 6 weeks after modeling, five animals were sacrificed, respectively. The injured articular cartilage was taken to make paraffin sections. Immunohistochemistry detection was used to detect the expression of collagen type I and type II around the injury. Safranine O-fast green staining was used to detect the distribution of proteoglycan around the injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Results from the immunohistochemistry detection showed that a small amount of collagen type I was detected around the injury at 2 weeks after modeling, and there was much more collagen type I around cartilage injury at 6 weeks after modeling, but collagen type II had no obvious changes. Under the safranine O-fast green staining, no remarkable degeneration was found around the injured cartilage. These findings indicate that collagen type I has been increased in the early period of osteoarthritis. Expression of collagen type I is increased during the degeneration of articular cartilage, indicating a close relationship between collagen type I and osteoarthritis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Semi-fascial semi-flap transplantation for repairing skin and soft tissue defects of the hand and foot: univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis Li Zi-hua, Huang Ruo-qiang, Lv Tu 2014, 18 (51):  8310-8314.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.021 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (432KB) ( 547 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transplantation of free anterolateral semi-fascial semi-flap is used clinically to repair soft tissue defects of the hand and foot, but the transplantation fails in some patients under the same conditions. OBJECTIVE: To observe a new method for repairing soft tissue defects of the hand and foot and to study the clinical effects. METHODS: Totally 150 cases were subjected to transplantation of free semi-fascial semi-flap of the anterolateral thigh. The semi-flap was placed on the functional area of the hand or foot, and the semi-fascia was placed on the non-functional area. At 7-10 days after flap survival, semi-fascial granulation remodeling was carried out, and skin graft was used to cover the wound. Then, the factors influencing the success of flap transplantation were subjected to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Free semi-fascial semi-flap transplantation had obvious therapeutic effects, and only one case appeared to have complete necrosis. Age and smoking history were found to be factors influencing the success of free semi-fascial semi-flap transplantation. In the successful transplantation group, the number of cases younger than 60 years old and without a history of smoking was significantly higher than that in the transplantation failure group. After 5 years of follow-up, only one patient was not satisfied with the therapeutic effects, and two cases had no fully recovery in the functional areas. The results confirm that free semi-fascial semi-flap repair of hand-foot soft tissue defects can achieve good postoperative results, and the main factors that influence the success of the surgery are age and smoking history. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Free scapular flaps become a choice for repairing large-area scalp defect and skull exposure Bao Shi-wei, Ma Xiao-bing, Zhao Hong-yi, Qian Wen-jiang, Yang Ming-yong 2014, 18 (51):  8315-8319.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.022 Abstract ( 426 )   PDF (675KB) ( 580 )   Save BACKGROUND: The local flap and expanded flap cannot repair the large area scalp defect, especially for patients with skull exposure and infection. The free flap is suitable for this kind of cases. The free scapular flap shows many advantages: constant vessel site, stable blood supply, supporting the amount and variability of tissue types available for harvest and minor deformity of the donor site. It is one of the most excellent choices for large-area scalp defects and skull exposure. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the method and experience of repairing the large area scalp defect and skull exposure by free scapular flaps. METHODS: Free scapular flaps were used to repair the large-area scalp defects and skull exposure in eight patients. The circumflex scapular vessel was anastomosed with superficial temporal vessel or facial vessel. The patients were followed up for 6-12 months to observe the postoperative conditions of free scapular flaps, such as infection, flap survival, donor site treatment, wound healing and adverse reactions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the free scapular flaps survived well in eight cases. The venous stagnation of flap happened in two cases. After punching the flap or removing the suture in the distal end of flaps, the blood supply was improved. During the 1-year follow-up, the blood supply of free scapular flaps and the shape of head were satisfactory. There was no postoperative complication. These findings indicate that the free scapular flap characterized as constant vessel site, stable blood supply, supporting the amount and variability of tissue types available for harvest and minor deformity of the donor site is one of the most excellent choices for repair of large area scalp defects and skull exposure. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autologous hamstring tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: influence of incisions in different directions for cutting the hamstring tendon on the anterior tibial skin sensitivity Li Jiu-yuan, Zhao Qi-chun, Shang Xi-fu, Deng Xiao-wen, Gan Zi-yang 2014, 18 (51):  8320-8324.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.023 Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (658KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous hamstring tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the mainstream treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injury. When traveling from inside to outside and from top to bottom in the front of the knee, the patellar branch of the saphenous nerve runs parallel to the hamstring tendon. Therefore, to cut the tendon can lead to tibialis anterior skin sensitivity loss. To alter the incision direction may reduce the impact on the anterior tibial skin sensitivity.   OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of incisions in different directions for cutting the hamstring tendon on the anterior tibial skin sensitivity in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: Seventy-four patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury admitted from July 2013 to February 2014 were enrolled. These patients underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendon, and randomly divided into oblique incision group (n=37) and vertical incision group (n=37). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistically significant difference in the incision length between the two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the vertical incision group, the area of skin sensitivity loss was smaller in the oblique incision group at 2 days, 1 month and 3 months after reconstruction (P < 0.05), but after 6 months, there was no difference in the area of skin sensitivity loss and Lysholm scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the oblique and vertical incisions have similar effects on had no effect on postoperative recovery of anterior tibial skin sensitivity and knee function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Autologous and allogeneic tissue transplantation for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee Zhu Xu-hong, Jiang Fei, Mao Feng-gang 2014, 18 (51):  8325-8329.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.024 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (313KB) ( 474 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are two kinds of grafts used in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: autograft and allograft, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are a lot of debates on the selection of grafts.   OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical outcomes and differences of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using allografts and autografts. METHODS: Form June 2010 to June 2013, 52 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries were divided randomly into two groups: 27 patients received autografts and 25 patients underwent allografts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average hospitalization days and postoperative fever days were fewer in the autograft group than the allograft group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of physical examination, functional tests, grading evaluation and Lysholm-Tegner evaluation (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that both autografts and allografts for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are safe and feasible. There is no difference in functional recovery between allografts and autografts, but the their difference in hospitalization days and postoperative fever days can influence the choice of grafts. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of patellar maltracking after arthroscopic lateral retinacular release Zhang Jian-bing, Hao Jian-qiao, Shen Yun-long, Wang He-wei, Xue Yong-an, Liu Bin 2014, 18 (51):  8330-8336.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.025 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (370KB) ( 412 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lateral retinacular release is the preferred treatment for patellofemoral disorders, but the long-term follow-up results reported in some literatures are not satisfied.   OBJECTIVE: To analyze the improvement in patellar tracking after lateral patellar retinacular release and to determine the reasons for unsatisfactory outcomes during the follow-up. METHODS: Fifty-seven consecutive knees (34 cases), which had undergone isolated lateral patellar retinacular release, were included in the study. CT scans of each knee were performed before and after surgery with the knee at different degrees of dynamic flexion: 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40°. The following parameters were evaluated: femoral distal medial torsion angle, patellar congruence angle, and patellar lateral translation angle. Preoperative and postoperative measures of patellar tracking were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 17 knees in which patellar tracking was not improved after surgery. Patellar tracking was improved in 40 knees after surgery. The improvement in patellar tracking did not reach the preoperative prediction when the femoral distal medial torsion angle was less than 9°. The femoral distal medial torsion angle is found to be an important factor influencing patellar maltracking recovery and may underlie unsatisfactory outcomes in some patients at a long-term follow-up. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioinformatics analysis of differential genes correlated with blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease Zheng Jing-hui, Yuan Zhao-kai, Zhang Min-zhou, Li Jie, Wang Li-ping, Ning Gui-lan, Sun Gui-xiang,Jian Wei-xiong, Huang Xian-ping, Liu Ji-yong 2014, 18 (51):  8337-8345.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.026 Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (993KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous findings on clinical epidemiology and molecular epidemiology have shown that blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease has a certain familial aggregation tendency, and its related differential genes are closely associated with inflammation, plaque formation and vascular endothelial damage. OBJECTIVE: To analysis the bioinformatics of differential genes correlated with blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease. METHODS: Based on the epidemiological survey, differential genes related to blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease were identified using gene chip technology. The latest versions of bioinformatics tools including DAVID, GO were combined to assign a precise function to differential genes correlated with coronary heart disease; KEGG, BIOCARTA and BBIOD were used to analyze the signaling pathway; VISANT and DIP to retrieve precise protein-protein interactions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Differential genes were mainly involved in 43 biological processes, 3 cellular components, and 6 molecular functions. These proteins mainly participated in 10 signal transduction pathways, and interacted in many ways. There were 189 nods and 5 path mappings, and overall 29 nod functions were observed. The functions, signal transduction pathways and interactions of differential genes related to blood stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease are mainly reflected in inflammatory response, immune response, cytokine chemotaxis and cell proliferation. Genome bioinformatics technology can make predictions of TCM syndromes from a “holistic view”, and this technology further combined with molecular biology validation is a very good way in the modernization of Chinese medicine. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytokines related to angiogenesis in scar hyperplasia Wu Zi-han, Li Gao-feng 2014, 18 (51):  8346-8352.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.027 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (357KB) ( 535 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scar is the product of wound healing. Severe scar hyperplasia often leads to the deformity and dysfunction. The scar generates along with angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is closely related to the formation of scar. Cytokines are involved in the scar formation. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the relationship between the cytokines of angiogenesis and scar hyperplasia and to understand the cytokines of angiogenesis effect on scar hyperplasia and atrophy by influencing the angiogenesis and vascular maturity during scar formation, thereby providing a new theoretical basis and measures for clinical prevention and treatment of scar. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Medline and CNKI databases was performed for acquiring relevant articles in English and Chinese, respectively, by using the key words of “scar, angiogenesis, cytokines”. Fifty-four articles were included which related to angiogensis in scar hyperplasia, cytokines in scar hyperplasia and cytokines of angiogensis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The formation of scar is a result of the combined action of various complex factors, which is influenced by many factors. The scar generates along with agiogenesis and vascular maturity. The cytokines of angiogenesis influence angiogenesis and vascular maturity, and thus affect the scar hyperplasia and atrophy. By intervening the expression or function of the cytokines of angiogenesis to affect the angiogenesis and vascular maturity, we can prevent and treat scar in the clinic. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tubulin and microtubule-associated substance in neurodegenerative diseases Wang Peng, An Si-xun, Wen Yu-xin, Yu Shun, He Xin 2014, 18 (51):  8353-8357.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.028 Abstract ( 537 )   PDF (427KB) ( 1450 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, and variant tau protein is considered to be the key to produce age pigments in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Human synuclein is a main component involved in the formation of amyloidosis in patients with Parkinson’s disease. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of microtubule-associated substance and its correlation with neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and Wanfang databases was performed for articles related to microtubule structure and function, microtubule and neurodegenerative diseases associated protein, microtubule-associated substances and their correlation with neurodegenerative diseases published from March 1975 to March 2014. The keywords were “tubulin; Alzheimer disease; Parkinson disease; neurodegeneration” in English and Chinese, respectively. Finally 26 articles were included in result analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Microtubule is composed of tubulin and plays an important role as cytoskeleton in cells. In the nervous system, the stability of microtubule system is the foundation of maintaining the nutrient transport between cell bodies and processes. Some researches have confirmed that tubulin is closely related to the key proteins of Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. The aggregation of tau impairs the axonal transport and further influences the morphology and function of neurons. Synuclein can facilitate the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules in early stage of primary cultured neurons. When cells are subject to bad stimulation, abnormal metabolism of microtubule, and its associated substances will lead to the disorder of microtubule system and abnormal accumulation of intracellular substances. The neurons will be eventually degeneration but not apoptosis through unclarified mechanism. Replacement therapy is mainly used in the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and there is no patent medicine or treatment method. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta-analysis of limited mini incision release and traditional open carpal tunnel release for treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome Aikeremu Wupuer, Jiasharete Jielile, Aihemaitijiang Yusufu, Abulaiti Abula, Abuduheilili Maimaitiaili, Liu Ya-fei, Ayinazi, Huang Yong, Yang Peng-fei 2014, 18 (51):  8358-8364.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.51.029 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (339KB) ( 473 )   Save BACKGROUND: Since 1991, many physicians try to combine the small open-incision along the wrist crease with traditional carpal tunnel release that is simple and safe to reduce tissue damage and recurrence rate. But what kind of techniques is superior has been controversial. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of limited mini incision (non-endoscopic) carpal tunnel release with traditional open carpal tunnel release for carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS: Based on Cochrane Systematic Review, we searched through the MEDLINE (1966-01/2010-03), EMBASE (1966-01/2014-05), Cochrane Library (2014-05) and CBM disc (1979-01/2013-12), and relevant  seven Chinese and English orthopedic journals by hand. Then, we collected all the randomized control trials related to carpal tunnel syndrome. The quality of trials was critically assessed. The Revman5.2.2 that provided by Cochrane Collaboration was used for data management and analysis on the evidence of the difference in the efficacy and safety of limited mini incision carpal tunnel release versus traditional open carpal tunnel release. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally seven randomized controlled trials were included by total retrieve and screening. The results of meta-analysis showed no significant differences in the scar tenderness, pillar pain, subjective satisfaction and recovery time between groups of limited mini incision carpal tunnel release and traditional open carpal tunnel release (P > 0.05). The rate of complications and operation time in group of limited mini incision carpal tunnel release were lower than those in group of traditional open carpal tunnel release (P < 0.05). Compared with the traditional open carpal tunnel release, the limited mini incision carpal tunnel release can reduce the rate of postoperative complications rate and operation time. There is no significant statistical difference in the rate of scar tenderness, pillar pain, subjective satisfaction and recovery time between the two approaches. However, owing to the limitations of study quality and sample size, the relationship of the surgical approaches with recovery time, postoperative pain and hand grip and pinch needs further studies. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics