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20 August 2010, Volume 14 Issue 34 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Treatment of femoral head necrosis in canine using inductive tissue engineered bone constructed by nano-nacre artificial bone Xiao Ying, Chen Jian-ting, Wang Rui-ying, Tang Yong-zhi, Xu Jun-chang 2010, 14 (34):  6271-6275.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.001 Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (1525KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: The growth factor compounds a small amount of autologous bone marrow and the scaffold materials to construct the inductive tissue engineered bone, thus omitting steps and costs for isolation and in vitro culture of cells, preventing the related pollution and changes of cell trait, it is a feasible method of inducing bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using nano-nacre artificial bone as a carrier of bone morphogenetic protein and autologous bone marrow, to the curative effect of the constructed inductive tissue engineered bone as a transplant to treat avascular necrosis of femoral head. METHODS: Fifteen healthy hybrid dogs were used to create avascular necrosis of femoral head models. The animal models were treated by core decompression and nano-nacre artificial bone, respectively. The dogs were sacrificed respectively at 4 and 12 weeks postoperation, for radiography, biomechanics and histology examinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The compressive strength in nano-nacre artificial bone group were significantly superior to those in core decompression group and necrosis group (P=0.000). New bone formation in nano-nacre artificial bone group was obviously significant and acted as os endochondrale. In core decompression group, the depressor areas were fibrous connective tissue, new bone formation was hardly found. Results demonstrated that it’s feasible using nano-nacre artificial bone as a carrier of bone morphogenetic protein and autologous bone marrow, the constructed constructed inductive tissue engineered bone can improve compressive strength of femoral head and promote new bone formation and repair necrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Injectable nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan combined with bone marrow stromal cells for repair of bone defects Liu Yang, Zhu Li-xin, Yang Hong, Tian Jing, Xu Yong, Yu Bo, Li Zhi-hao, Feng Qing-ling, Huang Zhi 2010, 14 (34):  6278-6282.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.003 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (1796KB) ( 786 )   Save BACKGROUND: Injectable nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nano-HA/CS) composite is an ideal tissue engineering new material manufactured by Tsinghua University using bionics principles, previous in vitro experiments have demonstrated their good biocompatibility and bone conduction. OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) combined with injectable nano-HA/CS to repair large bone defects of rabbit femoral condyle. METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs were isolated and cultured with density gradient centrifugation method and adhesive culture method. The third generation of BMSCs mixed with nHA/CS. Bone defects were produced by drilling holes in the femoral lateral condyle in each of 24 New Zealand white rabbits. All the right femoral lateral condyle defects were filled with the BMSCs-nHA/CS composite, as treatment group, while 20 of the left side bone defects were filled with nHA alone, as control group. The other 4 rabbits of the left side bone defects were untreated, as blank control group. The ability of repairing rabbit bone defects was evaluated by gross observation, X-ray, histopathological at the end of 12 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In treatment group, the implant achieved bone union with bone defects, with obvious new bone formation, and bone defects were repaired completely. In control group, bone defects were repaired partly, with some nonunion. In the blank control group, no osteogenesis was found in the defect area and the defects were filled with fibrous connective tissue. The new formed bone in the treatment group was confirmed integral and trabecular-like structure was formed after 12 weeks, while a little of new bone formed in the control group, some connective tissues grew into the defect. There were no bone formation cells and many fibrous tissues in blank control group. Results showed that, BMSCs-nHA/CS is effective in repairing bone defects than the nHA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Two kinds of bone materials for repairing rabbit calvarial bone defects: X-ray assessment Yang Yi, Zhao Cheng-chu, Ma Zheng, Zhao Feng, Chen Hong-liang, Sun Yong 2010, 14 (34):  6283-6286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.004 Abstract ( 155 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, the ability of guiding new bone regeneration of the bio-derived and inorganic-derived bone tissue substitutes is verified, but their increased bony quantity guided and the osteopoietic effects have not been assured yet. OBJECTIVE: To observe and contrast the ability, feature and difference of two bone substitute materials in guiding bone tissue regeneration during bone defect repairs. METHODS: The hole-like calvarium defect models were established in 18 adult New Zealand rabbits. The front and back defects of the models were filled separately with inorganic-derived and bio-derived bone meals, then covered with collagen membranes. The blood clot between the cerebral dura mater and collagen membrane ware required to be retained. The repairing condition in the cranium defect areas was observed and analyzed in 12, 16 and 24 weeks postoperation by X-rays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The regenerating bony quantity increased along with time going, the quantity in the bio-group is obviously more than that of the inorganic-group in 12, 16 and 24 weeks postoperation (P ≤ 0.05). Inorganic-derived and bio-derived bone meal can both guide bony tissue regeneration and completely recover the calvarium defects. However, the bio-derived bone meal is better than the inorganic-derived meal. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor after rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with calf cortical bone scaffold with partial cancellous bone implanted into rabbits Liu Tang, Zhang Xiang-sheng, Lei Ting, Huang Hui 2010, 14 (34):  6287-6292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.005 Abstract ( 136 )   PDF (1380KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently xenogeneic cancellous bone is more common as tissue engineering materials, but cortical bone is restricted due to degrading difficulty and low porosity. However, cortical bone is inferior to cancellous bone, such as bio-mechanics, how to develop the use of cortical bone is the focus of the research. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) after rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and cortical bone scaffold with partial cancellous bone were implanted into rabbits. METHODS: Four healthy 1-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were used for stem cell extraction, and 60 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were implanted with BMSCs induced osteogenic composite calf bone, simple bone xenograft group and autogenous iliac bone into ala of ilium. The expressions of VEGF were detected by RT-PCR at post-operative 4, 8, 12, 24 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The VEGF expression in simple bone xenograft group was lower than that in BMSCs induced osteogenic composite calf bone group and autogenous iliac bone group at all time points (P < 0.05). At postoperative 4 weeks, the BMSCs induced osteogenic composite calf bone group had lower expression than autogenous iliac bone group (P < 0.05), but with no significant differences at postoperative 8, 12, 24 weeks (P < 0.05). Rabbit BMSCs combined with calf cortical bone scaffold with partial cancellous bone implanted into New Zealand rabbits have good angiogenesis capacity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor/type I collagen composite materials repair meniscal cartilage injuries in avascular zone of rabbits You Wei, Xiong Jian-yi, Cao Qing-li, Wang Da-ping, Xiao De-ming 2010, 14 (34):  6293-6296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.006 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (1401KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Meniscal cartilage injury in the avascular zone is not greatly influenced by alone application of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (rbFGF), which may be associated with in vivo absorption and degradation. At recent years, collagen type I has been increasingly applied as a biological carrier. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of rbFGF/collagen type I composite materials used in repairing meniscal cartilage injuries of rabbits. METHODS: A total of 36 healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, including blank control group, rbFGF group and rbFGF/collagen type I group. Models of meniscus injuries in avascular area were established in rabbits. The animals were killed in 2, 6, 12 weeks postoperatively, and meniscus were taken and observed both grossly and microscopically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No significant healing effect was seen in rbFGF group, but proliferation promoting reaction on fibroblasts in synovial membrane at the margin of menisci did exist. The lesion within the avascular portion of the meniscus could be healed by using rbFGF/collagen type I. The reparative tissue was fibrocartilaginous which was different from the normal tissue. Results show a potential effective method of the avascular meniscal injuries repaired by the composite of rbFGF and collagen type I. Related Articles | Metrics

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Implantation and culture of rib chondrocytes on a three-dimensional scaffold Liu Zheng-cheng, Guo Xiang, Zhao Heng 2010, 14 (34):  6297-6300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.007 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (1579KB) ( 392 )   Save BACKGROUND: Long-segment tracheal resection surgery requires the application of tracheal replacement. The ideal substitute materials should be present with considerable strength, flexibility and inner surface-covered epithelium. Suitable seed cells, excellent carrier, good growth medium are the key components of tissue-engineered trachea construction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate optimal way for rib chondrocytes isolation and culture, and to construct cartilage-scaffold models. METHODS: Rabbits’ 5th and 6th rib cartilages were sliced into 1-mm3 pieces and treated with sequential enzyme digest or block culture to isolate chondrocytes. After two passages, rib chondrocytes were collected and suspended. The cell suspension was seeded on poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) or Dacron scaffold, then cultured under a 37 ℃, 5% CO2 atmosphere. Chondrocytes’ morphology and structure during monolayer culture expansion were observed, while cells growing and matrices formation on scaffold were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cells isolated by sequential enzyme digest or block culture were primary rib chondrocytes, of which the average passage time was 5 days. However, isolation by tissue block culture was slow and even fibroblasts were found in one flask, indicating that enzyme digest fits for the rib chondrocyte isolation. Chondrocytes attached well on scaffolds. Extracellular matrices were seen to be secreted after 2 weeks. The chondrocytes-scaffold model could be further used to construct tissue-engineered trachea. Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradable polyglycolic acid extravascular stent inhibits intimal hyperplasia of vein graft Yu Yong-chao, Zhao Xue-wei, Xu Zhi-fei, He Jin, Zhou Jun 2010, 14 (34):  6301-6304.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.008 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (1309KB) ( 345 )   Save BACKGROUND: The restenosis of autologous great saphenous vein bridge after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a hot potato. It has been proved that the extravascular stents are effective in preventing restenosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of the degradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) extravascular stent on preventing intimal hyperplasia of vein graft based on animal model of femoral vein-artery bypass in canine bilateral hind legs. METHODS: Totally 24 claydogs were randomly divided into 3 groups. Control group was directly transplanted with femoral vein graft in dog bilateral hind legs. PGA stent group was transplanted with femoral veins and PGA stents. Dacron stent group was transplanted with femoral veins and dacron stent. At 4 and 6 weeks postoperation, the vein grafts were removed, then the tunica media and intima thickness was measured. Vascular endothelial growth factor and proliferating cell nuclear antigen were detected, to calculate cell proliferation and nourishing vessel growth. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: New exosporium which was abundant in blood capillaries grew up between vein stents and vein grafts. The tunica media and intima in the vein grafts were thinner than that in control group (P < 0.05). The expression of tunica media vascular endothelial growth factor significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the expression of adventitia vascular endothelial growth factor significantly increased (P < 0.05). The expression of tunica media proliferating cell nuclear antigen significantly reduced (P < 0.05). The tunica media and intima thickness in vein graft of PGA stent group was less than that in dacron stent group (P < 0.05), the amount of proliferating cell nuclear antigen positive cells was lower than that in dacron stent group (P < 0.05). The degradable PGA extravascular stent can obviously inhibit the tunica medial and intimal hyperplasia of vein graft, thus preventing the restenosis of vein grafts, it is a good stent material for inhibiting vein graft restenosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Compound bodies of periostcum wrappping grains of cancellous bone and fibrin sealant combined with bone morphogenetic protein for semilunar bone reconstruction Hu Cheng-dong, Meng Zhao, Shao Xin-zhong 2010, 14 (34):  6305-6307.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.009 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (1035KB) ( 451 )   Save BACKGROUND: The patients with Kienbock’s disease in stages III and IV, whose lunatum needs to be cut, and how to select eligible surrogate to fill the interspace was the key point to cure Kienbock’s disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability to form bone and cartilage of autologous periosteum wrapping grains of cancellous bone and fibrin sealant combined with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) compound, in order to explore the feasibility of reconstructing lunate bone for treating Kienbock’s disease. METHODS: Japanese big ear rabbits were divided into three groups: periostum wrapping grains of cancellous bone and fibrin sealant combined with BMP were respectively implanted in rabbit knee joint suprapatellar bursa; grains of cancellous bone were wrapped with bone periostum; tendon was wrapped with periostum. The samples were observed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 24 weeks after operation using general examination, radiological examination, optical and electron microscope tests. CT values of compound bodies were statistically analyzed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Newly formed bone could be found at 2 weeks in compound bodies group. Rounded bony body with complete bone shell and bone marrow cells were formed in the implanted composite at 8 weeks. No degenerative changes were observed up to 24 weeks. In periosteum wrapping grains of cancellous bone group, newly formed bone and cartilage were found at 4 weeks. Mature bone trabecula was formed at 8 weeks. Rounded bony body was formed at 24 weeks. In periosteum wrapping tendon group, the composite did not form bony body until 24 weeks. Significant differences in CT value among all groups were found. Results have indicated that in compound bodies group, bony tissue forms completely, ossification occurs early, with good plasticity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and collagen scaffolds under the mimic microgravity environment in vitro Chen Hui, Li Bin, Wang Jian, Li Tao, Zhang Wei, Lin Tao, Yang Guang, Man Zhen-tao 2010, 14 (34):  6308-6312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.010 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (676KB) ( 509 )   Save BACKGROUND: The method of differentiating from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into chondrocytes included in vitro high-density micelle culture, in vitro monolayer cell culture, in vitro three dimensional stent induction, in vitro co-culture induction with chondrocytes and gene transfection. OBJECTIVE: To study adhesion, extension and proliferation of rabbit BMSCs in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen scaffolds under the mimic microgravity environment in vitro. METHODS: BMSCs of rabbits were primarily cultured and subcultured in vitro, and then divided into two groups according to the difference of induction factors: experimental group receiving transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅰ; blank control group. After three weeks, the two groups were detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, measurement of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and immunohistochemistry. Chondrocytes in the experimental group were incubated in type Ⅰ and Ⅱ collagen scaffolds, and then divided into four groups: group 1: chondrocytes and type Ⅱ collagen scaffolds co-cultured statically; group 2: chondrocytes and type Ⅱ collagen scaffolds co-cultured under the mimic microgravity environment; group 3: chondrocytes and type Ⅰ collagen scaffolds co-cultured statically; group 4: chondrocytes and type Ⅰ collagen scaffolds co-cultured under the mimic microgravity environment. One week later, hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the MTT assay (absorbance value) and the GAG content in experimental group were higher than in blank control group. Immunohistochemical detection of collagen Ⅱ was positive in experimental group. Results from hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining have demonstrated that composited cell number in type Ⅱ collagen scaffolds was evidently more than that of typeⅠ collagen. Composited cell number under the mimic microgravity environment was evidently more than that of static culture in the same scaffold. Above-described results have confirmed that the mimic microgravity environment is conducive to adhesion and proliferation of high-density cells, and contributes to signal transmission among cells to provide suitable microenvironment for maintaining cell growth and metabolism. Collagen type Ⅱ scaffold can be used as a more satisfying scaffold material for chondrocytes than collagen typeⅠ. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polylactic/poly glycolic acid copolymer three-dimensional conduit repairs peripheral nerve defects Li Zhi-yue, Li Ji-cai, Zhao Qun 2010, 14 (34):  6313-6318.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.011 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (651KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allogeneic nerve graft is restricted due to difficulty to eliminate host immune rejection, many scholars have tried to substitute with other tissues, but the results are unsatisfactory. At present, there is no an acknowledged artificial nerve with satisfactory results, nerve autograft is still considered the best choice. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of applying three-dimensional polylactic/poly glycolic acid (PLGA) conduit on repairing rat peripheral nerve defects, and to investigate the role of microfilaments in conduit and influence of various amounts of microfilaments on neural regeneration. METHODS: A 12-mm defect in left sciatic nerve was produced in 40 adult SD rats, which were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A: PLGA conduit; Group B: PLGA conduit plus 20 microfilaments; Group C: PLGA conduit plus 40 microfilaments; Group D: nerve autograft. PLGA conduit was filled with laminin and nerve growth factor mixture. After operation, muscular atrophy and limp were dynamically observed, conduction velocity of regenerated nerves in conduit and resumption rate of wet weight of triceps muscle were measured. Histological and imaging analysis were performed in 1/3 segment of the regenerated nerves for the recovery of nerve repair.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the regenerated nerved grew into the distal end via conduits after modeling. The diameter of regenerating nerves was thicker in group B and D than in group A and C. Compared group B and D with group A and C, the conducting velocity was faster (P < 0.05). The atrophy of triceps muscle regained better in group B and D than in group A and C, however, there was no significant difference between group B and D as to atrophy of triceps muscle. Pathological imaging analysis showed that, the amount of nerve fibers was the most in group D, then in group B. There were significant differences between group A and group C (P < 0.05). The amount and density of nerve fibers in group B and D were superior to that in group A and C. The new three-dimensional conduit made with PLGA and microfilaments can effectively repair nerve defect in sciatic nerve of SD rats, thus considered as an ideal nerve conduit; Microfilaments in nerve conduit can guide neural regeneration, excessive microfilaments may inhibit neural regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility assessment of chitosan-collagen membrane at different intracorneal implantation positions Hou Jiang-ping, Li Guo-xing, Li Yu-li, Gu Xin, Chen Xiao-feng, Chen Hao 2010, 14 (34):  6319-6322.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.012 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (592KB) ( 471 )   Save BACKGROUND: Corneal intrastromalcorneal implantation is the ideal model for biocompatibility assessment of the implanted materials, but different implanting positions may influence the material degradation and corneal metabolism, finally impacting on the biocompatibility evaluation of intracorneal implantation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the histocompatibility of chitosan-collagen membrane (30% collagen) implanted into different positions of rabbit cornea. METHODS: Chitosan-collagen composite membrane at 20-μm thick was prepared. New Zealand rabbits were randomized divided into two groups: peripheral corneal intra-stroma implantation group of chitosan-collagen membrane; central corneal intra-stroma implantation group of the membrane. Slitlamp microscopy examinations were performed to observe the reaction of ocular surface and anterior chamber after the implantation of the membrane, the interaction between cornea and implanted membrane, the transparency of cornea were also observed. Cornea slices were obtained 6 weeks later to observe the histological changes of cornea and implanted materials at implantation site. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In peripheral corneal intra-stroma implantation group, the complex membrane gradually degraded and finally completed degraded, and the corneal structure was not markedly influenced, indicating good histocompatibility of corneal tissues. In central corneal intra-stroma implantation group, the ocular surface was stable at early stage of the implantation, also suggesting good biocompatibility. Two weeks later, the material rim became untransparent with the materials gradually degraded. At days 34 and 42, each one cornea melted accompanying inflammatory cells infiltration. Results demonstrated that thin chitosan-collagen composite membrane has good transparency and matched mechanical properties, materials implanted into the peripheral cornea may completely degrade within a short time. It may be used as a corneal restorative material, especially as the carrier of corneal limbal stem cells to repair corneal damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and bioactivity of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol-hydrogel composite Wu Gang, Zhao Chun-hua, Wang Cheng-tao, Zhang Wen-guang 2010, 14 (34):  6323-6327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.013 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (1458KB) ( 584 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that, nano-hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel (nano-HA/PVA-H) composite exhibits good mechanical property, friction and ware resistance, indicating early load capacity and good bioactivity of HA/PVA-H composite. Does HA/PVA-H composite material form binding activity with surrounding bone tissues through HA particles? OBJECTIVE: To prepare the nano-HA/PVA-H composite and to evaluate the biological property of the material. METHODS: After Ca(OH)2 grinding, suspended dispersion solution was made at a certain concentration; adding an appropriate amount of 15% mass fraction PVA aqueous solution, then dimethyl sulfoxide, finally H3PO4 ethanol solution at Ca/P ratio of 1.67: 1. The HA/PVA-H composite was prepared and processed into in vitro simulated body fluid test. Changes of simulated body fluid solution before and after soaking process were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and XRD were used to characterize the structure and component of composite materials. RESULTS: Scanning electron microscopy showed that, nano-size crystals were formed on the surface of HA/PVA-H after soaking. XRD analysis proved that these crystals were HA particles. The pH value of simulated body fluid solution, and concentrations of Ca and P ions were decreased after soaking. Characteristic peaks of PO4 3- were enhanced and new peaks of CO3 2- were found after soaking on the FTIR experiments. Results showed that HA/PVA-H composite materials have good bioactivities. Related Articles | Metrics

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Structure and properties of biodegradable, porous starch/polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane Zhu Ai-chen, Shi Rui, Yuan Run-ying, Chen Da-fu, Zhang Li-qun 2010, 14 (34):  6328-6332.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.014 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (1906KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: The starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membrane was prepared to verify whether its property can meet the requirements of guided tissue regeneration membrane. Previous experiments have investigated the influence of preparation techniques on membrane performance. OBJECTIVE: To observe the cross-section structure, biocompatibility and in vitro degradation of the starch/PVA membrane at the optimal preparation conditions. METHODS: Biodegradable and porous starch/PVA membrane was prepared by solution casting and freeze-dried. At pre-freezing temperature -30 ℃ and the solution concentration 5%, PVA and starch mass ratio of 4:1 and 1:1, respectively, the prepared starch/PVA membrane was determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The interconnected porous structure was formed in the starch/PVA membrane, the pore size of starch/PVA membrane at 1:1 ratio was greater than that at 4:1. Both L929 cells and MC3T3 cells could grow in the membrane surface. The degradation rate of starch/PVA membrane can be regulated by the repairing rate of different tissues to meet the repair requirement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antigenicity and biocompatibility of acellular xenogeneic cancellous bone prepared by ultrasonic biotechnology Zhao Zi-ping, Cai Dao-zhang, Na Xiao-dong, Ou Xuan-cheng, Wu Dong-dong 2010, 14 (34):  6333-6338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.015 Abstract ( 106 )   PDF (1311KB) ( 436 )   Save BACKGROUND: Xenogeneic bone is a kind of combined tissues with abundant sources, it is always considered as the graft bone for the preparation, modification and development in field of bone repair. The antigenicity mainly locates in karyotes of bone tissue, full acellularization is an effective way to remove the heterogenous antigenicity. OBJECTIVE: To study the antigenicity and biocompatibility of acellular xenogeneic cancellous bone (ACCB) prepared by ultrasonic biotechnology. METHODS: The supernatant of fresh cancellous bone, ACCB and ultrasonic ACCB was extracted to detect the antigen-specific stimulated index on lymphocytes. The ACCB and ultrasonic ACCB were implanted into SD rats separately, while sham operated rats served as controls. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subpopulations, and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte in peripheral blood from recipient were detected by flow cytometry. The ACCB and ultrasonic ACCB were co-cultured with bone marrow stroma cells to investigate the effects of these two kinds of materials on the proliferation of cells. The adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow stroma cells on ACCB and ultrasonic ACCB were observed under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stimulation index was the highest in fresh cancellous bone group, and close to 1 in ultrasonic material group, the difference between ACCB group and ultrasonic ACCB group was significant (P < 0.05). The percentage of CD4+ T lymphocytes of ACCB group was 32.89%, the difference between ACCB and sham operated group (28.72%) was significant (P < 0.05), the difference between ultrasonic ACCB and sham operated group was insignificant (P > 0.05). The percentage of CD8+ T lymphocytes of ACCB and ultrasonic ACCB groups was 16.28% and 13.49%, with significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05), which were both higher than that in sham operated group (10.07%, P < 0.01). In ACCB and ultrasonic ACCB groups, the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ T cells was not significantly different; at 2 weeks, the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subpopulations gradually decreased and 3 groups was not significantly different at 6 weeks. The depressive effects of ACCB was a littler stronger than ultrasonic ACCB on the proliferation of bone marrow stroma cells, without significant difference (P > 0.05). Adhesion of bone marrow stroma cells on ultrasonic ACCB could be observed on day 2 by scanning electron microscopy, the intensive growth of bone marrow stroma cells to subconfluent state could be observed on day 5, the density of bone marrow stroma cells was higher than that of ACCB group. The ultrasonic ACCB prepared in the study showed less antigenicity and better biocompatibiliby for adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow stroma cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bio-safety evaluation of a novel calcium phosphate composite with negative charge Mao Hai-qing, Zou Jun, Zhu Xue-song, Xu Yun, Gan Min-feng, Wang Gen-lin, Yang Hui-lin 2010, 14 (34):  6339-6341.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010. 34.016 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (837KB) ( 351 )   Save BACKGROUND: Since 1980s, a bone graft for repair and placement with good biocompatibility and osteoinductivity is hot spot in the field of materials and orthopaedics. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bio-safety of a novel calcium phosphate composite material with negative charge. METHODS: According to the biological test recommended by International Organization for Standardization, the erythrocyte haemolysis test, systemic toxicity test, pyrogenic test and sensitization test were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rate of haemolysis was 0.24%, which was obviously lower than the positive standard, it was indicated that the in vivo transplantation of the materials could not cause the hemolytic reaction of the body. Systemic toxicity test results showed it was non-toxic, cannot change liver and kidney function indices, indicating the material is not toxic. In the pyrogenic reaction, the body temperature of the rabbits averagely increased by 0.2 ℃, which accorded with the demands of medical materials, it was indicated that the material has no pyrogenic effect. The rate of sensitization was 0, which had no significant difference from negative control, suggesting that the material has no sensitization. This novel calcium phosphate composite material with negative charge has a good bio-safety. Related Articles | Metrics

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Synergistic role of Huangqi and/or Mailuoning injection with modified collagen in enhancing angiogensis of chicken embryo allantois membrane Yao Chang, Gao Wei-wei, Xue Tao 2010, 14 (34):  6342-6346.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.017 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (1699KB) ( 530 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous study has found that Huangqi loading modified collagen can promote angiogenesis, and the effect is equal to growth factor-loading effect. It remains unclear that using synergistic Chinese medicine in accordance with traditional Chinese medicine theory is able to further improve the efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the angiogenic effects of the micro-vessels in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and collagen matrices by loading the Chinese herbal injection of Huangqi and Mailuoning into modified collagen. METHODS: Five groups were set in the experiment, including blank group without any interfere, control group with only modified collagen implanted into chorioallantoic membrane, Huangqi group with 1 mL of Huangqi injection loading in collagen, Mailuoning group with 1 mL of Mailuoning injection loading in collagen, Huangqi plus Mailuoning group with 0.5 mL Huangqi and 0.5 mL Mailuoning injection loading in collagen. After implanted for 7 days, the samples were explanted from the chorioallantoic membrane. The number of micro-vessels in chorioallantoic membrane was counted, the hemoglobin content and the number of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF165) positive cells in collagen were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the appearance of macro-samples, the rate of wheel spoke-like vessels and enclosing area of samples by chorioallantoic membrane in each experimental group were better than blank group and control group. The number of micro-vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane, together with hemoglobin content and the number of rhVEGF165 positive cells in the collagen matrices were significantly higher in each experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Among the experimental groups, the index of Huangqi plus Mailuoning group was significantly higher than the results of Huangqi alone and Mailuoning alone groups (P < 0.05). Loading Huangqi and/or Mailuoning injection in modified collagen can improve angiogenic effects in the chorioallantoic membrane, with the ability of stimulating vessels to grow into the modified collagen. Huangqi plus Mailuoning have a synergetic effect. One of the possible mechanisms is to enhance the expression of rhVEGF165 of vascular endothelial cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calcium alginate gel for treating VX2 transplanted liver tumor of rabbits Zhao Hui-min, Zhang Xiang-lin 2010, 14 (34):  6347-6350.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.018 Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (1597KB) ( 435 )   Save BACKGROUND: Liquid calcium alginate gel is a relatively new embolic material, it has good biocompatibility and can be piped through micro-catheter with fewer heterotopic embolization, results are satisfactory in animal experiments of arteriovenous malformations and aneurysm. OBJECTIVE: To research a safer and more effective agent for liver tumor embolism, we innovatively use calcium alginate gel transcatheter arterial embolization for VX2 rabbit liver tumor. METHODS: VX2 rabbit liver tumor models were produced using modified culture method via laparotomic route. Healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group and experimental group. Punctuation hepatic arteriography was performed with fine needle under the euthyphoria, control group was applied hepatic arteriography only, experimental group was embolized with calcium alginate gel. Before the embolization and 7 days after the embolization, rabbit livers were performed with CT contrast enhanced scan, to measure the volume of tumors by multiplanar reconstruction. 7 days after embolization treatment, the liver tumors and the liver tissue of tumor areas were removed and undertook histopathologic examination, to evaluate the effect of calcium alginate gel embolization on tumors and normal liver tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The blood of tumor was cut off after the injection of calcium alginate gel. The tumor growth rate of rabbit liver was significantly lower in the experimental group than control group (P < 0.05). In the control group, the tumors were predominantly mild necrosis; in the experimental group, the tumor was mainly severe necrosis with multiple focal necrosis. There were significant statistically differences between two groups (P < 0.01). After toluidine blue stain, we can see arteria hepatica and inter-lobe arteria, the arteriole of entering liver were obstructed completely, and the sinus hepaticus were filled with calcium alginate gel. Calcium alginate gel can form extensive embolism from liver tumor blood vascular portal to the sinus hepaticus, thoroughly stopping the blood and inhibiting the tumor growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of an absorbable polysaccharide hemostat PerClot® on fracture healing of the cranial bone Niu Wen, Liu Yi, Zhang Bo, Luo Ying, Liu Man-ling, Li Zhi-chao 2010, 14 (34):  6351-6354.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.019 Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (1266KB) ( 923 )   Save BACKGROUND: PerClot® is an absorbable polysaccharide hemostat which is made from plant starch. It enables blood components such as fibrin and platelet to congregate, and then it benefits the formation of primary callus. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of PerClot®, an absorbable polysaccharide hemostats, on fracture healing of the cranial bone. METHODS: Twelve healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were used. Each of them was drilled into two circle cavities in its parietal bone, totaling 24. According to various stuff materials, twelve cavities were equally and randomly divided into three groups: control group, PerClot® group and bone wax group. The defect sites in the PerClot® group and bone wax group were covered with absorbable polysaccharide hemostats and bone wax, respectively. Control group was left intact. After six weeks of treatments, animals were killed. Tissue materials were drawn from the former defective spaces including at least 1.5 cm extention of the cranial bone. Bone healing was generally observed and graded. Bone trabecula and congenital absence areas were measured using the imaging analysis software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The lower healing score indicated the better healing. The score was significantly lower in the PerClot® group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between bone wax group and control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, bone trabecula area was significantly increased (P < 0.05), congenital absence area was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in the PerClot® group. In conclusion, PerClot® absorbable polysaccharide hemostats can enhance the fracture healing of the cranial bone in rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effects of alginate dressing for refractory burn wound: A randomized controlled study Huang Guo-bao, Zhang Lei, Zhang Ke-yan, Zhou Ling, Wu Qiu-he, Song Guo-dong 2010, 14 (34):  6355-6358.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.020 Abstract ( 120 )   PDF (1566KB) ( 801 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have found that alginate dressing can accelerate wound healing, but the effects of treating refractory burn wound deserve further research. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of alginate dressing on treating refractory burn wound. METHODS: Sixty patients with refractory burn wound were randomly divided into control group with vaseline gauze and treatment group with alginate dressing. There were no significant differences in patient’s age, gender, wound area and general conditions. The wound was changed dressing every 2-3 days, until the wound healed. The healing period and healing rate, infection state, free skin graft, healing methods and healing quality of the patients in the two groups were observed and compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The alginate dressing can shorten wound healing time, accelerate wound healing, decrease the wound infection and improve the healing quality. Compared with routine therapy, the alginate dressing dramatically reduce the wound healing time, can be used as one of the modalities for refractory burn wound. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pareparation of functional group natural biological polysaccharide adsorbent and removal of plasma bilirubin Wang Yong, Lu Wei, Zhang Zheng-pu, Wu Wei-hua 2010, 14 (34):  6359-6362.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.021 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (634KB) ( 656 )   Save BACKGROUND: Current blood/plasma perfusion adsorbents applied in clinics are mainly activated carbon and chemically synthetized macroporous polymer. Carbon window dressing will cause embolism, and resin porogen, most of which is solvent toluene, may be difficult to clean and induce adverse reactions. Natural polymer with amine modified by cross-linking plays a pivotal role in preparation of the adsorbent. OBJECTIVE: To prepare functional group crosslinked chitosan adsorbent with natural biological polysaccharide-chitosan as a skeletal matrix of bilirubin adsorbent, modified by amination crosslinking, and with sucrose as porogen, to compare with the commercially available BL-300 plasma perfusion adsorbents on the plasma bilirubin adsorption. METHODS: Functional group crosslinked chitosan adsorbents and commercial BL-300 type plasma perfusion adsorbent were utilized, hyperbilirubinemia plasma was carried out on plasma perfusion tests, plasma bilirubin adsorption rate of different adsorbents was determined using automatic biochemical analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The functional group crosslinked chitosan adsorbent and commercial BL-300 adsorbent showed good adsorption on plasma bilirubin at various concentrations, the adsorption rate was 50.2% in functional group crosslinked chitosan adsorbent, and 56.8% in BL-300 adsorbent, which was consistent with previous reports. Results showed that the functional group crosslinked chitosan adsorbent is effective, safe and reliable to scavenge bilirubin. Related Articles | Metrics

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A quantitative analysis of the optimal diameter of post-core materials in repairing maxillary central incisor based on three-dimensional finite element models Qu Bo, Chen Xiang-tao, Jiang De-zhi 2010, 14 (34):  6363-6366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.022 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (570KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechanical composition of tooth tissue is complicated, the teeth, periodontal membrane, alveolar bone, mucosa are not linear materials, therefore they are not directly simulated. Three-dimensional finite element can simplify complex biological systems into a model analyzed by computer, and conduct biomechanical research through the model analysis. OBJECTIVE: Using three-dimensional finite element analysis, the aim of this study is to analyze three kinds of post-core materials that are common used in clinics, to detect Von Mises stress of the residual dentin and posts after repair of maxillary central incisors, and quantify optimal diameter of the posts for different materials. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element model was constructed with CT data read by Mimics software. Ansys software was used to simulate cobalt-chromium alloy post, zirconium oxide post and glass fiber post for post and core restoration of the maxillary central incisor. The Von Mises stress peak of the restored residual dentin and the post were detected, the influence of post diameter and elastic modulus on post-core-crown restoration effect was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Repairing maxillary central incisor with different materials at the same diameter, the Von Mises stress peak of the residual dentin decreased, but that of the posts increased along with the increasing elastic modulus of the posts. In post-core-crown restoration with the same material at different diameters, a critical point of post diameter was found. When the diameter of post was less than the critical point, the Von Mises stress peak of residual dentin was decreased with the increment of diameter. Exceeding the critical point, the stress peak was increased with the diameter increment. Repairing maxillary central incisor with high elastic modulus materials can decrease the stress peak of the residual dentin, but the stress distribution of root is changed, leading to obvious stress concentration. Repairing maxillary central incisors with the same material of post and core, the Von Mises stress peak of the residual dentin could firstly decrease and then increase with the post diameter increases; Three-dimensional finite element analysis show that the optimal diameter of cobalt-chromium alloy post, zirconium oxide post and glass fiber post for maxillary central incisors repair is 1.4, 1.4, 1.6 mm respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of sealing abilities of three different canal sealers using a modified glucose leakage assay Yang Jun-ying, Wang Xiao-yan, Zhang Sheng-yan, Chen Shan, Lin Ai-hua 2010, 14 (34):  6367-6370.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.023 Abstract ( 54 )   PDF (539KB) ( 556 )   Save BACKGROUND: The quantitative method using glucose as a tracer has been used for canal leakage assessment. But traditional glucose leakage model has some disadvantages. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a modified glucose leakage model, to evaluate the sealing ability of three canal sealers of GuttaFlow, AH Plus and iodoform calcium hydroxide. METHODS: A total of 72 extracted, human single-rooted anterior teeth were used, followed by crown truncation and nickel-titanium root canal preparation. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=20), which were filled root canal with various sealers of GuttaFlow, AH Plus and iodoform calcium hydroxide. Positive and negative control groups were also set (n=6). A modified glucose leakage model was made and used for quantitative evaluation of glucose leakage at 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days by glucose oxidase colorimetric method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences of glucose leakage between GuttaFlow group and iodoform calcium hydroxide group, and between AH Plus group and iodoform calcium hydroxide group (P < 0.05). No statistical difference was found in the glucose leakage between GuttaFlow group and AH Plus group (P > 0.05). The modified glucose leakage model is practical, sensitive, economical and accurate. GuttaFlow and AH Plus show better sealing ability than calcium hydroxide based sealer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Internal defects of removable partial denture pure titanium stents scanned by CUBE-X ray Hou Kang-lin, Liu Hong-chen, Deng Bin, Wen Ning, Hong Hao 2010, 14 (34):  6371-6373.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.024 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (224KB) ( 450 )   Save BACKGROUND: CUBE-X meters can accurately scan removable partial denture pure titanium stents, assist dental prosthesis technicians to early observe casting stent defects, increase the success rate of pure titanium casting stents, and ensure the stent quality. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility and superiority of scanning the defects of removable partial denture pure titanium casting stents by Italy CUBE-X survey meter. METHODS: A total of 266 cases with removable partial denture pure titanium casting stents in the Out-patient Clinic of Prosthodontic Department in recent two years were scanned by CUBE-X survey meter to detect internal defects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The scanning discovered 22 stents had serious inherent drawbacks, which were ball-shaped, internal surface was smooth and the majority located within pure titanium kittoe. Among them, 5 cases exhibited big air bubble, the air bubble size was positively correlated to the stent strength. It is feasible to detect internal defects of removable partial denture pure titanium stents by CUBE-X survey meter. This method can help dental prosthesis technicians to find the drawbacks of casting stents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Active targeting behaviors of biotinylated poly(ethylene oxide)/poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles in vitro Gong Yan-chun, Xiong Xiang-yuan, Li Zi-ling, Li Yu-ping, Guo Liang 2010, 14 (34):  6374-6376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.025 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (445KB) ( 529 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, the majority of polymer drug carriers have no targeting, thus are limited in applications. A few foreign research groups reported in vitro targeting behaviors of biotinylated poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactic acid) (Biotin-PEO-PLA) nanoparticles, however, the domestic study is absent. OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles as targeted drug carriers. METHODS: Paclitaxel-loaded Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles were prepared by dialysis method and characterized. The in vitro release behaviors of paclitaxel-loaded Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles were studied by high performance liquid chromatogram technique. The active targeting properties of paclitaxel-loaded Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles in vitro over OVCAR-3 (CA-125 antigen positive) and SKOV-3 cells (CA-125 antigen negative) were also investigated through a three-step biotin-avidin interaction by MTT tests. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Paclitaxel loaded in Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles shows an initial rapid release followed by a slow release period. Compared with SKOV-3 cells (CA-125 antigen negative), the survival rate of OVCAR-3 through a three-step treatment was remarkably decreased. The cytotoxicity results implied that paclitaxel-loaded Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles were delivered more effectively to OVCAR-3 cells (CA-125 antigen positive) under the specific interaction between the biotin groups on the surface of Biotin-PEO-PLA nanoparticles and the avidin/biotinylated MAb X306/CA-125 antigen complexes on the surface of OVCAR-3 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of medical stainless steel Zhang Hui, Zhan De-song, Sun Xiao-ju, Ding Yue 2010, 14 (34):  6377-6380.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.026 Abstract ( 206 )   PDF (589KB) ( 1799 )   Save OBJECTIVE: Medical stainless steel can not be replaced by other materials such as cobalt or titanium alloy, and compound bioceramic in the replacement and repair of hard tissues, but the metal ions that are released from medical stainless steel because of its corrosion and wear, result in harm and side effects, as well as embedding failure. Recently, there have been great improvements achieved in the research of corrosion, wear and biocompatibility for new types of medical stainless steel, and this improvement is generally focused day by day. OBJECTIVE: To review the current statues in the corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of medical stainless steel, and to analyze the existing problems and development trends. METHODS: Databases of CNKI and PubMed were retrieved by computer to search the papers published from January 1995 to January 2010. Papers underlying the corrosion, wear and biocompatibility of medical stainless steel were selected. Totally 39 literatures were summarized according to inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The treatment modifying the surface of mental materials and the appearance of the medical stainless steel without nickel would improve corrosion and wear of the medical stainless steel, and eliminate harm effect of mental ions such as nickel. But now the complex techniques that improve the corrosion and wear is still absent. The medical stainless steel without nickel has better characteristics of comprehensive ability and biocompatibility, as well as better development prospect. All kinds of factors must be considered in development and application of the medical stainless steel, and the materials must be satisfying in the all aspects of corrosion, wear and biocompatibility at the same time. It is also important to construct and consummate the system that assesses the materials efficiency. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vivo turnover of tissue engineered ligament scaffold materials Wang Hui, Chen Xiong-sheng, Zhou Sheng-yuan, Huang Jun-jun, Fang Lei, Sun Yan-qing, Cai Tao-yi 2010, 14 (34):  6381-6384.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.027 Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (557KB) ( 875 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to the abilities of self-update and reconstruction capacities, as well as excellent performance of biomechanics, tissue-engineered ligament overcomes the deficiency of existing man-made ligaments, and is expected to become ideal substitute. It has already become the focus of ligament reconstruction surgery field. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the studies regarding the injured ligament repaired by cultured composite scaffolds since 1998, and to find suitable new scaffold materials for tissue engineered ligament and their applicable standards. METHODS: Using “ligament, tissue engineering, scaffold materials, extracellular matrix” in Chinese and in English as the key words, a computer retrieval was performed in VIP Periodical Full-Text Database and PubMed Database for articles on tissue-engineered ligament from January 1998 to December 2009. Literatures of irrelevant objective and repetitive content were excluded. Thirty-two literatures were involved in further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are many studies about the treatments of ligaments and tendons injury, but it is very difficult to repair, reconstruct or completely recover pre-injury function. Tissue engineered ligament provides an ideal treatment for injured ligaments and tendons. There are an increasing number of researches reported tissue engineered scaffolds materials, however, each of them has benefits and shortcomings, and a majority of reports are in studies yet. Currently an ideal scaffold for tissue engineered ligament is still needed to treat injured ligaments and tendons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological safety and properties of different bone tissue engineering scaffolds Liang Wei-dong, Wang Hong-wei, Wang Zhi-qiang 2010, 14 (34):  6385-6388.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.028 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (566KB) ( 1126 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is an important aspect of bone tissue engineering that search a scaffold with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, specific plasticity and three-dimensional porous structure. Despite there are many types of commercially available biological scaffold materials, no one is defined as the most ideal scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To summarize synthetic performance, biological effects and biological security, and research progress of traditional materials for tissue engineered scaffolds, including natural organic molecules, natural inorganic materials, synthetic organic materials, and inorganic materials, to comprehensively analyze new porous metal materials and nano-fibrous scaffolds, and understand future research direction of tissue engineered scaffold materials. METHODS: Chinese Journal Full-text databases and Pubmed database were searched on computer using “bone tissue engineering, scaffold, porous materials, nanofibers” in Chinese and English as the key words. Totally 1 035 literatures were screened out, 632 Chinese and 403 English. Titles and abstracts were screened, a total of 20 articles with a clear view of point were involved in the analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Natural organic polymer materials include collagen, fibrin, chitosan; natural inorganic materials include coralline hydroxyapatite, ceramic bone; among synthetic organic polymer materials, lactic acid, glycolic acid and its copolymers are most widely used, as well as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid and poly ortho ester; synthetic inorganic materials that are widely used are hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. Metal has been one of the most widely used biomaterials in clinical orthopedics, porous titanium and porous tantalum are increasingly applied in artificial joints. Nanomaterials has just started to be applied in tissue engineering, the prospects are very wide. Related Articles | Metrics

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Vascularization of tissue engineered repair materials for damaged myocardium Shen Nan, Shen Yang, Liu Xiao-heng 2010, 14 (34):  6389-6392.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.029 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (669KB) ( 411 )   Save BACKGROUND: Myocardium is weak in regenerating, making tissue engineering the top treatment after infarction. Thereby, vascularization plays a crucial role in the progress of repair. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of tissue engineered repair for damaged myocardium from the perspectives of scaffold design, vascular growth factor delivery, in vivo prevascularization and in vitro prevascularization. METHODS: Using “Vascularization; Myocardium; Tissue Engineering; Regeneration Medicine” as the key words, a computer research was performed in Sciencedirect database and Archive of Issues Nature database between January 1995 and April 2010. Totally 150 articles were screened out and 32 of them were involved in the analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The structure, composition and physical features of the scaffolds play a vital part in the process of vascularization, mainly expressed in the speed of vascularization, the integrity and function of new vessels. A variety of vascular growth factors serve various roles in different stages of the angiogenesis process. Current research shows that in vivo pre-vascularization is the most efficient, but patients have to bear second surgeries and some vascular loss. In vitro pre-vascularization provides graft tissues with central vessels, thus immediately realizing blood supply, but In vitro pre-vascularization requires high demand of the culture environment, which is difficult to meet in general hospitals. In addtion, it is necessary to establish a matrix without heterogeneous materials, preferably simulating in vivo micro-environment. Untile now, all models can only achieve micron-level thickness, leaving a long gap from the practical clinical therapy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and performance evaluation of anti-adhesion membrane for repair of exercise-induced tendon rupture Lang Ming-mei, He Yu-long, Wu Miao, Cheng Kun, Zhao Yun-na 2010, 14 (34):  6393-6396.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010. 34.030 Abstract ( 75 )   PDF (596KB) ( 741 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research process of adhesion prevention during tendon rupture repair, to emphasize the injury type of tendon rupture, and to investigate anti-adhesion membranes for preventing tendon adhesions. METHODS: Using “tendon rupture, tendon adhesion, anti-adhesion membrane” as the Chinese key words, “tendon adhesion, absorbability antiseize continually membrane, anti-adhesion membrane” as the English key words, a computer search of China Academic Journal Full-text database and PubMed database between January 1993 and March 2010 was performed. Articles related with the repair of tendon rupture, prevention of tendon adhesion, biofilm were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. Eighteen studies focused mainly on the type and performance of anti-adhesion membrane for the repair of exercise-induced tendon rupture. RESULTS: Totally 94 literatures were primary screened out. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, the prevention mechanism and action theory of drug film, absorbable anti-adhesion membrane, autologous and allogeneic anti-adhesion membrane, non-biological anti-adhesion membrane on the tendon adhesion resulted from tendon injury, were analyzed. Anti-adhesion membrane has always been an issue concerned the medical profession. Anti-adhesion membrane can promote endogenous healing and avoid exogenous healing. There is a wide range of anti-adhesion membrane, its composition and nature may be varied, as well as different performances of anti-adhesion. CONCLUSION: The anti-adhesion membrane prevents or reduces the adhesion through barrier function of the film, drug films could reduce the adhesion by affecting tendon endogenous and exogenous healing (mainly endogenous healing), through the pharmacological effects. Absorbable membrane may be absorbed by the body and be excreted from the body, without toxicity or adverse reactions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advantages and trends in the development of biodegradable cardiovascular scaffolds Xi Yu-sheng 2010, 14 (34):  6397-6400.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.031 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (342KB) ( 933 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To describe the biocompatibility of biodegradable materials, influence of biodegradable materials on the arterial intima and smooth muscle, and clinical application progress of biodegradable stents. METHODS: Using “biodegradable; drug-eluting stent; rapamycin; paclitaxel; percutaneous coronary; acute coronary syndrome” in Chinese as the search word, Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database (CNKI: 2002/2010) was searched on computer. Repeated research and old literature were excluded, 19 articles were screened out. RESULTS: At present, more biodegradable scaffold for the poly-L-lactic acid, polyglycolic acid/polylactic acid copolymer, and good biocompatibility. Biodegradable materials on human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cell growth was not affected, but with paclitaxel or rapamycin biodegradable materials inhibit the growth of arterial smooth muscle cells, and also animals intimal proliferation. Biodegradable stent in the near, medium-term clinical study prove to be safe and effective. CONCLUSION: Biodegradable scaffolds have good biocompatibility, the thrombosis, foreign body reaction and neointimal hyperplasia are reduced after implantation, while endothelialization is more complete. The local release of drugs could inhibit the early thrombosis and late neointimal hyperplasia, this conclusion needs further confirmation by large-scale, multi-center randomized controlled trials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Material characteristics of cardiovascular stent-graft and its treatment for aortic dissection Li Le-wen, Zhang Yan, Wang Jia-kun 2010, 14 (34):  6401-6404.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.032 Abstract ( 137 )   PDF (601KB) ( 393 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the material characteristics of the cardiovascular stent-graft and the clinical application of stent placement for the treatment of aortic dissection. METHODS: Wanfang Database and China Academic Journal Full-text Database were retrieved on computer by the first author using the key words of “aortic dissection; stent-graft; biological materials; clinical research; complications” in Chinese between 1998 and 2010 for articles related to stent-graft treatment for aortic dissection. The repeated study or old literatures were excluded. RESULTS: According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 literatures were included. Stent-graft is a product of metal or alloy stent endovascular stent with artificial (natural) membrane structure, which is often coated with polyester and biofilm. Polyester is easily obtained, low-cost, but lacks flexibility and can not expand, may induce thrombosis; biofilm has good biocompatibility, and can promote endothelial growth, is the most potential membrane. As for the clinical application curative effect, stent-graft treatment of aortic dissection achieves good results. CONCLUSION: The endovascular stent-graft can effectively treat Stanford B type/Debakey III type aortic dissection, it is a safe and effective minimally invasive therapy, but long-term effects still need long-term and close follow-up study to be confirmed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Coronary stent coating materials inhibit vascular restenosis after implantation Zhang Yan, Li Le-wen, Zhong Shu-hui, Bei Zheng, Xi Jun-li 2010, 14 (34):  6405-6408.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.033 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (578KB) ( 445 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To understand the types and characteristics of anti-proliferative drug-eluting stent, and its effectiveness in clinical applications and problems to be solved. METHODS: Using “intracoronary stent; cardiovascular disease; cell proliferation; drug-eluting; restenosis” as the Chinese key word, Chinese Academic Journal Full-text database was retrieved. Articles related to anti-proliferative drug-eluting stents to prevent restenosis were included. Meta analysis and reproduced study were excluded, a total of 16 literatures were selected. RESULTS: Restenosis is the most obvious problem after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stenting. Thrombosis, inflammation and smooth muscle hyperplasia are three major stages of in-stent restenosis, intimal hyperplasia is the most important mechanism of restenosis. The most commonly used anti-proliferative drugs are paclitaxel and rapamycin, and their derivatives. Rapamycin depresses restenosis occurrence and development by inhibiting intima and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, while paclitaxel by promoting endothelial cells and smooth muscle cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Anti-proliferative drug-eluting stents have become the most potential approach to reduce the incidence of restenosis, but the restenosis is a complicated problem with several factors, drug-eluting stents study and application are still at the exploration stage, correct evaluation of drug-eluting stent will depend on a large sample of clinical scientific experiments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanics and biocompatibility of cardiovascular scaffolds as well as vascular restenosis after implantation Wang Xue-fang, Liu Yan-ming 2010, 14 (34):  6409-6412.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.034 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (554KB) ( 863 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biomechanics and biocompatibility of cardiovascular scaffold materials, as well as vascular restenosis after implantation. METHODS: The first author conducted a computer search of PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI database (www.cnki.net/index.htm), with key words of “biological mechanical, biocompatibility, in-stent restenosis” in English and Chinese in title and abstracts. Articles related to material science, biocompatibility and application were selected, those recently published or published in the authority journal were preferred in the same field. Totally 24 literatures were included. RESULTS: An ideal cardiovascular stent should have good biocompatibility, appropriate expansion ratio, sufficient flexibility and compliance, be easy to disinfect, easily controlled micro-environment. Cells must be ensured to adhere and grow after implantation, with good affinity. Currently, the mechanism underlying restenosis after stenting remains unclear, it becomes increasingly urgent to reduce the incidence of restenosis after implantation. In addition to corrosion resistance, Young’s modulus, yield strength and material compliance, the restenosis after implantation is also related to the inflammatory response after implantation, endothelial cell proliferation, cell hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and other biocompatibilities. CONCLUSION: The excellent scaffold should have not only reliable and suitable expanding features, excellent visibility and effective controlled micro-environment, but also good biomechanical properties and biocompatibility. At present, biological biodegradable stent has a very good development potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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Material characteristics of vascular stent and its complications after implantation Ma Ming-hui 2010, 14 (34):  6413-6416.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.035 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (579KB) ( 1000 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cerebral vascular stent material characteristics and its treatment of cerebral vascular disease, the application effect of stent complications causes. METHODS: First author conducted an online retrieval of Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/) and Pubmed database (http://www. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) for articles related with the material characteristics of cerebrovascular stent materials and complications after implantation, published between January 1999 and December 2009, using the key words of “intravascular stent, cerebrovascular disease, complications” in Chinese. Totally 21 articles were screened into the evaluation. RESULTS: The cerebrovascular stent complications include carotid sinus response, high-perfusion syndrome, cerebral vasospasm, thrombosis, restenosis and so on. In a variety of cerebrovascular stents, metal stents are prone to promote thrombosis; polymer stents have better compatibility with vessel wall than metal stents, thus preventing late neointimal proliferation; coated stent can coat metal stent surface with a special coating technology, inhibiting platelet aggregation; drug stents can achieve high concentrations of drugs sustained release after implantation, the drugs can reach effective therapeutic concentrations in target site and effectively prevent restenosis after implantation. The incidence of complications after stenting is difficult to completely eradicate, but they should be avoided, it is suggested to select positive solutions for stent cases, improve the operator’s proficiency, correct bad operation habits, better the patient’s understanding of the complications, strictly perform perioperative management, timely and correctly give treatment of the complications to avoid serious consequences. CONCLUSION: The treatment of cerebral vascular stent implantation can be considered as one of the main treatments for cerebrovascular disease, during treatment, adequate preparation, appropriate stent, and strictly follow of the indications are required to avoid complications according to different clinical symptoms. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro degradation of absorbable sutures and their clinical application in gynecology and obstetrics Ye Li-ping, Cheng Gui-ping, Zhang Jin 2010, 14 (34):  6417-6420.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.036 Abstract ( 93 )   PDF (315KB) ( 776 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of absorbable sutures in obstetrics and gynecology. METHODS: A computer search was performed by the first author in VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) for articles abiout the absorbable sutures applied in surgical nursing of obstetrics and gynecology, using the key words “absorbable sutures; obstetrics and gynecology; care; biological materials”. Repeated researches were excluded. Totally 54 literatures were primarily screened out, according to inclusion criteria, 18 of them were involved in further summary. RESULTS: With the transformation of medical model and increasing requirement of people for quality of life, absorbable suture as a kind of biomaterials, has been widely applied in surgery due to its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical strength, particularly have a very important clinical significance and long-term results for obstetric and gynecological surgery patients. Such sutures can reduce surgical time and postoperative infection rates, promote postoperative recovery and decrease the foreign body to wound, relieve pain for individual patients, also have reflected a significance on departments and hospital management. Suture plays a very important guide role for obstetric and gynecological surgery. In addition, effective analysis for its degradation products shows that, clinicians should focus on horizontal comparison among a variety of sutures, its degradation security in vivo still need to concluded integrating with in vivo degradation test and toxicity kinetics studies, so as to ensure its clinical effect. CONCLUSION: The absorbable sutures as a biomaterial have achieved an increasingly application in surgery due to its good biological compatibility and mechanical strength. As for obstetrics and gynecology, such as cesarean section, episiotomy and perineal tears sutures, the clinicians and patients tend to use absorbable suture for surgical suture and effective suture of the wound. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of biological patch in female pelvic floor reconstruction Li Dong-mei 2010, 14 (34):  6421-6424.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.037 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (353KB) ( 491 )   Save BACKGROUND: The biological patch is an importance substitute of the pelvic floor tissue, it that can replace damaged weak pelvic fascia, has been more and more widely used in pelvic floor reconstruction. However, the efficacy and biocompatibility are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To introduce clinical application progress of biological patch in female pelvic floor reconstruction, and to evaluate the biocompatibility of various patch materials with the host. METHODS: A computer search was performed by the first author in China Academic Journal Full-text Database (CNKI: 1990/2010) and Medline database (1990/2010), using the key words of “patch, obstetrics and gynecology diseases, treatment” in Chinese and “obstetrics, gynecology diseases, treatment” in English. Eventually 26 in accordance with the inclusive criteria were included and summarized at the following two aspects: clinical application progress of the patch in female pelvic floor reconstruction, and both biocompatibility and complications after patch implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patch implantation mainly shows good effects in treatment of female pelvic floor dysfunction diseases, including full pelvic reconstruction, vaginal anterior and posterior wall repair, and vaginal vault suspension. In all types of implants, autologous tissue, allografts, xenografts are vulnerable to infection and wear after implantation, with poor biocompatibility, so they are not suitable as the reconstruction materials. The synthetic absorbable patch is strong and convenient, but prone to infection, rejection, erosion and other complications, with poor biocompatibility. The non-absorbing synthetic patch and acellular patch show a lower infection rate, fewer complications, and better biocompatibility. In patch implantation, biological patch should be free from tension state, and be manipulated at aseptic conditions, avoiding any permanent sutures through the vaginal mucosa and closely stop bleeding, thus reducing the incidence of complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility and clinical application of hernia patch material Zhang Pan 2010, 14 (34):  6425-6428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.038 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (379KB) ( 686 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and application prospects of hernia patch materials, and to look for a reasonable hernia repair material. METHODS: Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/) from January 1999 to December 2009 was retrieved on computer for articles related with the biomaterials used in hernia repair, using keywords of “tissue engineering, abdominal hernia, biomaterials” in Chinese. The repeated study, general review or Meta analysis were excluded, totally 25 articles were involved in evaluation. RESULTS: The traditional non-degradable biomaterials are only be used as hernia filling materials, with the development of medicine and tissue engineered techniques, various synthetic biomaterials have emerged. Currently used hernia repair materials include non-absorbing materials such as polypropylene, and absorbable material, such as polyglycolic acid mesh and composite materials. Through the stimulation between the organism and the patch, these materials produce different reactions, alternative repair materials may occur in future, that is to repair various wounds according to different materials. It is one of hot spots in research of biomedical engineering that to use autologous cells and dermal materials to complete hernia repair. CONCLUSION: Although polypropylene and polyglycolic acid mesh are commonly applied in clinical practice for hernia repair, hernia repair materials need further development because of their inevitable shortcomings. Related Articles | Metrics

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Complications and clinical authentication after breast augmentation using polyacrylamide gel Xu Xue-feng, Bai Yan-hua 2010, 14 (34):  6429-6432.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.039 Abstract ( 52 )   PDF (635KB) ( 696 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations of complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for breast augmentation, the causes and the treatment. METHODS: A computer search was performed in China Academic Journal Full-text database and Wanfang Database from January 1993 to October 2009 for articles related to the complications after breast augmentation using polyacrylamide hydrogel and treatment research, using key words of “polyacrylamide hydrogel, injection for augmentation, complications” in Chinese. The repeated study, general review or Meta analysis were excluded, 21 articles were screened into the evaluation. RESULTS: The type and characteristics of the complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for breast augmentation are as follows: ① induration, pain, swelling, infection, fever, aseptic inflammation, leakage, displacement, etc; ② several complications co-exist in the same patient, and the first and second are dominant; ③ breast mass is dispersed and locates in mammary gland tissue, often multiple and non-uniform, superficial mass can be directly located subcutaneously. The treatments of the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for breast augmentation are as follows: swelling dilution vacuum aspiration, is generally used for patients with gel concentrated but few induration and other complications, it is not suitable for treatment of dispersed induration; Surgical excision of glandular tissue infiltrated by hydrogels, the gels diffuse and infiltrate into surrounding tissues and should be removed completely, otherwise it will affect normal tissue; incision drainage and intermittent lavage, severe infection patients should be treated by two-way drainage and intermittent lavage, which is consistent with the principles of surgery. CONCLUSION: According to the specific conditions of patients, different methods used to deal with hydrogel injection for breast augmentation is feasible and effective. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomaterials and vacuum sealing drainage technique to repair a large area of skin and soft tissue defects with stealth dead space Kuang Jiong-xiang, Kang Guo-feng, Zhang Guang-ming, Yang Yun-fa, Xiao Xue-jun 2010, 14 (34):  6433-6436.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.040 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (528KB) ( 578 )   Save BACKGROUND: The wounds of large-area skin defect are difficult to repair, deep dead space is often associated with necrosis infection, thus the repair is difficult, the treatment is long and expensive. Vacuum sealing drainage technique has been widely used in clinic to repair all kinds of wounds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of biomaterials and vacuum sealing drainage technique in a large area of skin and soft tissue defects combined with stealth dead space. METHODS: A total of 32 patients with stealth dead space combined a large area of skin and soft tissue defects, who admitted to Department of Traumatic Orthopaedics, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College from January 2007 to December 2008. They were all treated with vacuum sealing drainage technique to repair the wounds using high polymer foam materials. the negative pressure maintained at 20-60 kPa, and one time of vacuum sealing drainage could effectively drain 7-14 days. The dead space closure time, the time of eliminating wound infection, fresh granulation growth and complications were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 32 cases were involved in the follow-up. Following average two weeks of vacuum sealing drainage treatment, dead space was closed in 22 cases and basically survived after skin grafting. Six patients accompanied with deep dead space, which was completely closed after the implementation of secondary vacuum sealing drainage. Four cases of large-area skin and soft tissue defects with exposed bone and infection underwent multiple debridement, the wounds were repaired using peripheral muscle flap translocation; except one case was re-infected with skin graft edge effusion, no one case appeared osteomyelitis with good wound healing; no other complications occurred, and postoperative wound healing rate was 96.8%, there was no incompatibility between human body and the materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effectiveness analysis of controlled-release drug delivery system for treating glioma Xia Xue-wei 2010, 14 (34):  6437-6440.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.041 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (589KB) ( 390 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize the type, biological characteristics and applications of anti-glioma controlled-release drug delivery system vector materials. METHODS: A computer search was performed in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and CNKI Database (www.cnki.net/index.htm) by screening “lactic acid, vector, interstitial chemotherapy” in Chinese and “Polylactic acid, vector, interstitial chemotherapy” in English as key words in the titles and abstracts. Articles related to controlled-release drug delivery system, polylactic acid, vector and its application effect were included, those in the same field preferred to the recently published literature or published in the authority journals. Thirteen articles were included. RESULTS: The ideal vector of the delivery system should have good biocompatibility, nontoxic polymers and degradation products, suitable physico-mechanical properties and formability, controlled degradation rate. Currently interstitial chemotherapy of glioma recurrence, that is controlled-release drug delivery system, do not require frequent administration, it can maintain effective drug concentrations in vivo for a long period, thus significantly improving the drug efficacy and reducing toxicity. Compared with intravenous chemotherapy treatment, it has fewer side effects and better efficacy. CONCLUSION: The biodegradable polymer with good biological characteristics serving as the vector of the controlled-release drug delivery system for interstitial chemotherapy has significant advantages and great development potential. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility and clinical application of hip prosthesis materials Liu Yang, Yang Wei 2010, 14 (34):  6441-6444.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.042 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (566KB) ( 1303 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of different types of hip joint prosthesis materials, as well as biocompatibility with the host after implanted in vivo, to provide reference for clinical applications. METHODS: Using “hip joint, prosthesis, materials, biocompatibility, clinical application” in Chinese and in English as the key words, a computer retrieval was performed for articles published between January 2000 and July 2010. Articles related to the biocompatibility of biological materials to the host were included, duplicated research or Meta analysis were excluded. Totally 30 articles focused on the type, performance and clinical application of hip replacement prosthesis materials. RESULTS: Metal materials play an important role in hip prosthesis, combination of metal joint head and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene acetabular is the most widely used in hip joint replacement, but there is poor resistance to abrasion, poor lubrication, and poor corrosive resistance. As for ceramic-type hip joint prosthesis, ceramics have a strong wear resistance, low toxicity and bone integration effect, but their fragility still needs to solve. CONCLUSION: The ideal implant materials should have good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, strong strength and elastic modulus closer to the characteristics of human cortical bone, which need to be further developed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervention of biological materials for wrist articular cartilage injury Yan Ling-xian 2010, 14 (34):  6445-6448.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.043 Abstract ( 66 )   PDF (696KB) ( 574 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biological materials intervention for wrist cartilage injury, and to choose an ideal biomaterial for trauma repair and functional reconstruction of wrist articular cartilage injury. METHODS: A computer search was performed on PubMed database (PubMed: 1996/2010) and Chinese Academic Journal Full-text database (CNKI: 1996/2010), using “Wrist Joint, Cartilage, Injury, Rehabilitation, Treatment” in English or in Chinese as key words for the title and summary. Articles published in non-core journals were excluded, a total of 25 articles related to the wrist articular cartilage injury and biological materials on the repair of wrist cartilage injury were selected. RESULTS: The arthroscopic microfracture technique combined hyaluronic acid gel can significantly improve the thickness of regenerated cartilage, make it closer to hyaline cartilage. Calcium polyphosphate fiber/gelatin scaffold composite material can basically meet the porosity requirements for tissue engineering scaffold composite materials. Autogenous periosteal transplantation and fixation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can promote articular cartilage repair, generate adaptive cartilage, and transforming growth factor β1 induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes. CONCLUSION: Because of wrist joint anatomical structure and biomechanical complexity, wrist cartilage injury is common, tissue-engineered cartilage repair can repair trauma and reconstruct function through the cells and scaffold composite implanted into damaged tissue or organ, so as to provide an effective way for the wrist joint cartilage injury repair. Stem cells induction and transforming growth factor β1 gene modification can provide new research directions for wrist cartilage repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-materials for repair of exercise ligament injury Liu Zhuo, Han Dong 2010, 14 (34):  6449-6452.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.044 Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (398KB) ( 311 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To explore the tissue engineering characteristics of nano-materials, and to evaluate the repair effect of exercise ligament injury. METHODS: Using “ligament injury; nano-materials; repair; tissue engineering; biomechanics” as the Chinese key words; “cruciate ligament; nanomaterials; tissue engineering; application; ligament reconstruction” as the English key words, a computer search was performed on China Academic Journal database and PubMed database from January 1993 to April 2010. Articles of nano-materials to repair exercise ligament injury were included; repeated study or Meta analysis articles were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 13 relevant literatures were included. The nano-materials commonly used in clinics are inorganic nano-materials, polymer organic materials, nano-composite materials and biomimetic nano-materials. Tissue engineering characteristics of various types of nano-materials are as follows: ① nanometer-scale size; ② numerous interfaces or free surfaces. ③ strong or weak interactions between the nano-units. From the clinical application point of view, nano-materials can be used to repair ligament injury. CONCLUSION: The nano-materials perform well in the repair treatment of exercise ligament injury, and it is one of the most potential biological materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of different dialysis membrane materials in maintenance hemodialysis process Shi Lei 2010, 14 (34):  6453-6456.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.045 Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (683KB) ( 1860 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively evaluate the application of polysulfone membrane, hemophan membrane and cellulose acetate membrane in the process of maintenance hemodialysis, to select appropriate membranes for hemodialysis. METHODS: Chinese Academic Journal Full-text Database (CNKI: 1990/2008) was retrieved for articles related to the clinical application of different dialysis membranes using “dialysis membrane, compatibility, complications” in Chinese as the key words, totally 50 articles were screened out. Reviews, experimental studies and articles on dialysis membrane cleaning were excluded, 22 articles related to solute clearance rate and biocompatibility of different dialysis membranes were included, the clinical application of blood dialysis membranes of different materials was comprehensively summarized. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of solute clearance of polysulfone membrane, hemophan membrane and cellulose acetate membrane in maintenance hemodialysis, the effect of polysulfone membrane and hemophan membrane on clearing intact parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, calcium was better than that of cellulose acetate membrane, the clearance of B cell activated serum CD23 was better than cellulose acetate membrane. As for the platelet activation, the two were weaker than cellulose acetate membrane. Polysulfone membrane with high permeability does not increase inflammation, P-selectin levels dialysis by cellulose acetate membrane were higher than polysulfone membrane and hemophan membrane, three kinds of dialysis membranes had no significant difference on serum cystatin C clearance rate. CONCLUSION: The effects of polysulfone membrane, hemophan membrane and cellulose acetate membrane on serum CD23 concentration, platelet activation, inflammatory response, clotting complications, P-selectin serum levels were related to the biocompatibility: better biocompatibility indicated few effects, otherwise indicated greater effects. The biocompatibility of polysulfone membrane and hemophan membrane is better than cellulose acetate membrane, of complications of hemodialysis membrane are at least in hemophan membrane. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of calcium sulfate artificial bone in 12 cases of calcaneal fractures Wang Hua, Zhang Xiao-ming, Lin Bo-wen, Xie Wei-ping, Li Wei-fan 2010, 14 (34):  6457-6460.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.34.046 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (491KB) ( 562 )   Save BACKGROUND: The current treatment of calcaneal fracture is bone graft repair of bone defects after reduction surgery, but the selection of the filling of bone defects is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical curative effect of calcium sulfate artificial bone and internal fixation for calcaneus fracture. METHODS: Twelve patients with Sanders type Ⅱ and Sanders type Ⅲ fractures of calcaneus underwent implantation of calcium sulfate artificial bone and internal fixation of bone plate in Shenzhen People’s Hospital from October 2007 to December 2008. All patients were treated with lateral calcaneal L-shape incision, powdered or granular calcium sulfate bone graft was implanted after fracture reduction, then lateral calcaneus was placed the prebending tree-shape bone plate as internal fixation. The patients were monthly rechecked plain film in out-patient clinic, and were instructed to do some weight-bearing exercises after 8 weeks, in accordance with the fracture healing displayed in X-ray films, followed by a full weight-bearing walk after limb fracture healing. Functional results were assessed by Maryland Foot Score. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up 7-18 months (average 11.2 months) after operation. The average time of fracture healing was 12 weeks. According to the evaluation of Maryland Foot Score, the excellent and good results were noted 92%. No such complications as rejection, irritability and toxicity were discovered. Implantation of calcium sulfate artificial bone in combination with open reduction and internal fixation is an effective and secure method for fracture of calcaneus. calcium sulfate artificial bone is a good bone graft. Related Articles | Metrics