Abstract:

BACKGROUND: It is an important aspect of bone tissue engineering that search a scaffold with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, specific plasticity and three-dimensional porous structure. Despite there are many types of commercially available biological scaffold materials, no one is defined as the most ideal scaffold.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize synthetic performance, biological effects and biological security, and research progress of traditional materials for tissue engineered scaffolds, including natural organic molecules, natural inorganic materials, synthetic organic materials, and inorganic materials, to comprehensively analyze new porous metal materials and nano-fibrous scaffolds, and understand future research direction of tissue engineered scaffold materials.
METHODS: Chinese Journal Full-text databases and Pubmed database were searched on computer using “bone tissue engineering, scaffold, porous materials, nanofibers” in Chinese and English as the key words. Totally 1 035 literatures were screened out, 632 Chinese and 403 English. Titles and abstracts were screened, a total of 20 articles with a clear view of point were involved in the analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Natural organic polymer materials include collagen, fibrin, chitosan; natural inorganic materials include coralline hydroxyapatite, ceramic bone; among synthetic organic polymer materials, lactic acid, glycolic acid and its copolymers are most widely used, as well as poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid and poly ortho ester; synthetic inorganic materials that are widely used are hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. Metal has been one of the most widely used biomaterials in clinical orthopedics, porous titanium and porous tantalum are increasingly applied in artificial joints. Nanomaterials has just started to be applied in tissue engineering, the prospects are very wide.