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13 August 2010, Volume 14 Issue 33 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of hyperglycemia on activity of rat mandibular osteoblasts Lü Jiao, Zhao Wen-feng, Chen Zeng-li, Wu Xuan, Liu Hong-chen 2010, 14 (33):  6013-6107.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.006 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (373KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Clinical research has demonstrated that diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for periodontal lesion and alveolar bone loss. However, it remains poorly understood the effect of hyperglycemia on changes of jaw bone. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of hyglycemia on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts from rat mandible. METHODS: Primary osteoblasts were isolated and incubated with medium containing 5.5 mmol/L and 16.5 mmol/L glucose, respectively. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium uptake, bone gla protein (BGP) and mineralization were detected using MTT, PNPP, biochemistry, radioimmunoassay, as well as Alizarin Red S staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: High glucose could significantly increase cell proliferation (P < 0.05), decreased BGP level (P < 0.01), and increase number and the area of nodules (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the ALP activity of the high glucose group was obviously increased at 21 days after culture (P < 0.01); the calcium uptake was decreased at 14-21 days, but notably increased at 21-28 days (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that diabetes-associated hyperglycemia promotes rat mandibular osteoblasts proliferation while delaying differentiation and mineralization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Combining back scattered and secondary emission scanning electron microscopy to study articular cartilage morphology on undecalcified unstained samples A descriptive study Antonio Merolli, Andrea Manunta, Gary Phillips, Matteo Santin, Francesco Catalano 2010, 14 (33):  6081-6086.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.001 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (402KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: The use of undecalcified and unstained samples for articular cartilage’s study (as Authors suggest) will enable to better preserve its three-dimensional structure. Feasibility of such approach will reduce time and complexity when analyzing a great number of specimens. OBJECTIVE: To test the possibility of studying articular cartilage morphology on the undecalcified inclusion blocks, avoiding cutting and staining thin sections. METHODS: Femoral condyles were obtained from White New Zealand rabbits and from Sardinian sheep, fixed in paraformaldehyde, dehydrated in ethyl alcohol, and embedded into poly-methylmethacrylate. Blocks were cut and ground, sputter-coated with gold-palladium and analyzed by a Jeol JSM 6310 electron microscope, operated between 20 and 25 kV. Data from secondary emission scanning electron microscopy were combined with data from back scattered electron microscopy (BSEM), performed sequentially over the same area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the rabbit, it was easy to discern the passage between uncalcified and calcified cartilage but it was difficult to highlight the small chondrocytic lacunae in zones Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The sheep proved to be more suitable for easily discerning all the zones of articular cartilage and its cellularity; BSEM excelled in defining the structure of calcified cartilage and the “tidemark” front. Large canals could be demarcated, digged through subchondral bone and calcified cartilage, topped by non-calcified cartilage. The results suggested that the possibility of describing articular cartilage morphology on undecalcified and unstained embedding blocks, by avoiding the cutting of thin sections, was illustrated. This provides an obvious advantage in terms of less time needed and less complexity required in comparison with classical histomorphology. It may be an opportunity when a relevant number of samples must be analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Injection of chondrocyte transfected by bone morphogenetic protein-2 into intervertebral disc degeneration models: Contents of proteoglycan and collagen at 10 weeks Liu Cheng-long, Jin An-min, Li Xia-lin, Du Xue-jun, Cao Yan-lin, Zhuang Ning 2010, 14 (33):  6087-6090.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.002 Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (403KB) ( 333 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) transfected chondrocytes can promote nucleus pulposus cells synthesize extracellular matrix, but its effect on metabolism of degenerating intervertebral disc remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of the application of BMP-2-transfected chondrocytes on intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were prepared for intervertebral disc degeneration models. The model success was randomly divided into cell transplantation and control groups, which received injection of BMP-2-transfected chondrocyte or physiological saline, respectively. The intervertebral disc tissues were harvested at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks after injection, and the proteoglycan and collagen contents were measured.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the proteoglycan and collagen contents of the cell transplantation group were obviously increased (P < 0.05). The findings revealed that, extracellular matrix reduce was one important indication of intervertebral disc degeneration. Transplantation of BMP-2-transfected chondrocytes can raise the content of extracellular matrix, improve biological activity of degenerative nucleus pulposus, and delay intervertebral disc degeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogensis effect of transgenic human bone morphogenetic proteins-7 on rabbit intervertebral disc Zhao Jiang, Hu Ya-bin, Wang Zhen-bin, Chu Ge, Chen Ji-zheng, Kahaer•Aikenmu, Xiang Ze-wen 2010, 14 (33):  6091-6094.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.003 Abstract ( 94 )   PDF (283KB) ( 385 )   Save BACKGROUND: Small amount of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) are secreted and stored in bone matrix, osteoblast and chondroblast of adult body. After bone fracture, these BMP are released at the fracture area and induce surrounding mesenchymal cells to chemotaxis, aggregate, differentiate, and form cartilage, thereby, form mature bone structure ultimately. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate osteogensis effect of transgenic human bone morphogenetic proteins-7 (rhBMP-7) in rabbit intervertebral disc. METHODS: Healthy, adult, New Zealand, white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, which were received injection of rhBMP-7, sodium chloride or simple damaged intervertebral discs. Simultaneously, normal intervertebral discs were served as controls. At 6 weeks, the intervertebral discs of rabbits were examined by histological detection to observe the new bone formation in injected area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Negative results could be found in the sodium chloride and control groups. The new bone area of the rhBMP-7 group was greater than that of the simple damaged group (P < 0.05). There were no significant between rhBMP-7 group and the simply damaged groups when the differences were magnified for 40- and 100-fold (P > 0.05). Transgenic rhBMP-7 can change rabbit intervertebral disc to newborn cartilage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of insulin-like growth factor-1 on mouse osteoblast proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity Guo Ling, Wang Min, Hao Liang 2010, 14 (33):  6095-6098.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.004 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (309KB) ( 569 )   Save BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a growth factor to promote mitosis and regulate bone formation. It is of great significance on the dynamic process of osteoclast-driven bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the effect of IGF-1 on proliferation of mouse osteoblasts cultured in vitro and alkaline phosphatase activities. METHODS: Mouse osteoblasts cultured in vitro were added into medium containing various concentrations of IGF-1 (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/L). Cell proliferation was determined using Cell Counting Kit-8 method; Cell cycle and apoptosis was assayed with flow cytometry. Alkaline phosphatase activity was examined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 3, 6 and 9 days following culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All IGF-1 concentrations used (25-200 μg/L) were effective to promote the proliferation of mouse osteoblasts (P < 0.05), showing significant concentration-dependent effects. The maximum response was obtained with 200 μg/L, at which of IGF-1 could notably increase the percentage of cells at S phase, which indicated that IGF-1 can accelerate cellular proliferation to ensure the number of osteoblasts that participated bone rebuilding and to promote bone tissue regeneration. Simultaneously, IGF-1 at various concentrations (25-200 μg/L) could significantly enhance alkaline phosphatase activity (P < 0.05), and accelerate osteoblast differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B protein inhibits osteoclast activity  Zhang Li-cheng, Zhang Li-hai, Huang Peng, Tang Pei-fu 2010, 14 (33):  6099-6102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.005 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (375KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) plays an important role in the signaling pathways of osteoclasts differentiation and functional regulation. Therefore, it provides a new and effective method for bone resorption diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of recombinant RANK protein on the activation and resorption activity of osteoclasts. METHODS: Osteoclasts from SD rats were harvested and cultured, recombinant RANK protein with different concentrations was added into these culture systems. The growth of osteoclasts was observed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and toluidine blue staining.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of osteoclasts was obvious decreased at 3 days after adding RANK protein, especially in the 10-4 mol/L group. The bone resorption pits were dramatically reduced at 9 days after adding RANK protein. Therefore, it suggested that recombinant RANK protein can effectively inhibit osteoclasts differentiation and resorption activity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cyclic tensile stress on fibroblast apoptosis and its regulatory mechanism  Tong Jun-jie, Yuan Xiao, Zhang Yue, Ma Ning, Zhang Guang-yun 2010, 14 (33):  6108-6112.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.007 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (416KB) ( 592 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vivo study of cellular mechanics obtains poor results due to complexity of physiological environment and uncontrollable experiment conditions.  OBJECTIVE: To study the cyclic tensile stress on fibroblasts apoptosis and its mechanism. METHODS: In vitro culture-tensile stimulate models of fibroblast were established by using a multi-passage load adding system. Cyclic tensile stress was applied on the fibroblasts for 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively, the load was set for 12% surface elongation, with frequency of 6 cycles per minute. A cycle of stress comprised 3 s stretch/3 s relaxation. At the same time, the normal control group was established. The cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining, cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the caspase-3 activity was detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nucleus in the normal control group presented with dispersed uniformly round or oval-shaped fluorescent, while dense stain particles, crescent or ring fluorescence could be seen within the nucleus or cytoplasm in the load groups. Compared with the normal control group, load adding significantly prolonged cell cycles (P < 0.01). The cell cycle appeared to be notably shortened in the 12 and 24 hours groups than that of 6 hours group (P < 0.01); however, the 24 hours group appeared to be extended the cell cycle than that of the 12 hours group. The caspase-3 activity was obviously increased in of the load adding group that that of the normal control group (P < 0.01), especially in the 12 hours group, which was greater than that of the 6 hours group (P < 0.01). Cyclical tensile stress not only can induce fibroblast apoptosis in a time-dependent manner within 12 hours, but also can change the cell cycle. Caspase3 involves in this process.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Bending mechanical properties: Comparative analysis of ribs from youth and old corpses  Quan Tie-gang, Gao Ming, Ma Hong-shun 2010, 14 (33):  6113-6116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.008 Abstract ( 100 )   PDF (274KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: Impact mechanics properties of ribs should be understood in treating osteoporosis, bone remodeling, as well as bone reconstruction. Most of previous studies concerning youth and the elderly corpses alone, reports regarding bending of ribs mechanical properties are few. OBJECTIVE: To perform bending experiment to the normal people youth and the elderly fresh corpse ribs to survey the bending mechanical properties, and to definite whether the bending mechanical properties of ribs have difference between youth and the elderly people. METHODS: Experimental samples were obtained from 4 normal fresh corpses, aged 20, 25, 70 and 75 years, were provided by Department of Anatomy, Norman Bethune Medical University. Spinal column ribs specimen were obtained from corpse within 1 hour and cut into 45 mm long pieces. By the method of three-point bending test, data about maximum load, bending moment, stress, strain and the morphology of fracture surface was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The maximum load, maximum bending moment, maximum stress, and maximum strain of the youth group were all obviously greater than that of the elderly group (P < 0.05). The majority of ribs fracture was transverse bending test port, a few was oblique fracture. The macroscopic observation showed that the ribs of the youth group cortical bone were thick, and ribs of the elderly group were thinner. It demonstrated that the bending mechanics properties of ribs are different between the youth and elderly groups, and osteoporosis changes bending mechanics properties in the elderly people. Related Articles | Metrics

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A randomized and controlled study of resting-state transverse elasticity of the tibialis anterior muscle on the affected side: Can Tuina massage combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound release fatigue tibial pain?  Zeng Gui-gang, Li Jun, Zhang Shen, Peng Hai-dong, Xie Shi-hai 2010, 14 (33):  6117-6120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.009 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (274KB) ( 490 )   Save BACKGROUND: The fatigue tibial pain was a premonitory symptom of tibial stress fractures, which is closely contact with tibialis anterior muscle. It can effectively evaluate the therapeutic effect by quantified the spasticity status of tibialis anterior muscle. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect and the effects of Tuina massage combined with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on transverse elastic of tibialis anterior muscle with fatigue tibial pain in male volleyball players. METHODS: A total of 27 cases suffered from fatigue tibia pain were randomly assigned to treatment group (n=14) and control group (n=13). The treatment group applied Tuina massage combined with LIPUS on tibialis anterior muscle and tibia. Those in the control group received physiotherapy of modulated medium frequency. The Myotonometer muscles status test system was used to measure muscular elasticity rigidity changes of the affected side tibialis anterior muscle before and after the treatment. At the same time, the clinical effect was also observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, compared with the control group, the Myotonometer force-displacement curves shifted up and the area under curve increased significantly in the treatment group (P < 0.01). The total effective rate in the two groups also had notable differences (P < 0.05). Tuina massage combined with LIPUS markedly adds static transverse elastic of tibialis anterior muscle in male volleyball players suffered from fatigue tibia pain, and relieved fatigue tibia pain effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a porcine acute myocardial infarction model using minimally invasive procedures Tao Si-ming, Guo Tao, Pu Shun-hua, Yu Zhuo, Wang Yu, Yang Chao 2010, 14 (33):  6121-6124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.010 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (352KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: A sustained and stable model of cardiac ischemia is an important basis for angiogenesis research. Conventional “balloon transient dilation” has disadvantage of vascular recanalization after drawing balloon, it is hard to evaluate the therapeutic effect of angiogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To explore a optimize method that could establish the porcine model of acute myocardial infraction safer, quicker, and more convenient than routine methods. METHODS: Thirty healthy, adult pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups. Balloon transient dilation + plug implantation and directly plug implantation were used to construct myocardial infraction models. Intervention operation times and success rates were observed and compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 27 pigs underwent induction of myocardial infraction successfully. Success rate of balloon transient dilation + plug implantation group was 84.6%, and that of the directly plug implantation group was 94%, there was not statistic significant compared with two groups (P > 0.05). However, the mean operation time of the directly plug implantation group was shorter than that of the balloon transient dilation+ plug implantation group (P < 0.01). The myocardial infraction models prepared by directly plug implantation method are characterized by feasible, safe, and relatively effective, which can simulate procedure of clinical myocardial infraction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-gAd and its expression in rat kidneys Yuan Fang, Liu Ying-hong, Tian Jun-wei, Chen Jun-xiang, Liu Fu-you 2010, 14 (33):  6125-6128.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.011 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (490KB) ( 460 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of gene transfected kidney is an effective and simple experimental method.  OBJECTIVE: To construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-gAd, and to observe the expression of globular adiponectin (gAd) in rat kidney. METHODES: The gAd cDNA fragments were obtained by PCR from pET/gAd. Then, the PCR product was translated into JM109. It was digested by two restrictive endonucleases, and then the gAd cDNA was collected and recombined with eukaryotic expression vector pIRES2-EGFP by using gene recombination technique. The recombined plasmid pIRES2-EGFP-gAd was transfected into normal rat kidney with Lipofectamine Transfection Reagent by intraperitoneal injection. The kidney tissues were collected at different time points (24, 48, 96 hours, 7 days) after injection, and the gAd/GFP green fluorescence protein expression was determined by fluorescence microscopy and Western Blot respectively. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The pIRES2-EGFP-gAd expression plasmid was constructed successfully. The gAd/GFP green fluorescent protein was detected at the glomeruli and tubular at 24 hours after injection and the fluorescence intensity became stronger at 48 hours. The level of fluorescence protein expression became gradually weakened at 7 days. In Western bot test, same results were observed. The pIRES2-EGFP-gAd gene was expressed in rat kidney successfully by Lipofectamine Reagent with intraperitoneal injection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 transfection in an osteoporosis rat Chen Jian, Chen Yun-zhen, Liu Hai-chun, Ding Yan, Zhao Hua 2010, 14 (33):  6129-6132.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.012 Abstract ( 122 )   PDF (326KB) ( 369 )   Save BACKGROUND: The decline of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels has been proven to be an important reason leading to osteoporosis. Gene therapy for osteoporosis and other bone metabolic diseases has becoming a direction of the research, but the viral vector may cause serious immune response. Therefore, the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 in vivo transfection of osteoporosis rats may be a more effective treatment way. OBJECTIVE: To study the IGF-1 expression during recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 in the osteoporosis rats in vivo. METHODS: Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to sham-surgery group, pEGFP-N1 group and pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 group. Bilateral ovariotomy was performed in pEGFP-N1 group and pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 group. At 12 weeks following surgery, the three groups were given saline, pEGFP-N1 vector and recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 complex liposomes hydrodynamic injection, respectively. Fluorescence in vivo imaging and liver biopsy were observed at 48 hours following transfection. Serum concentrations of IGF-1 were determined at regular intervals. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfection, rats of pEGFP-N1 group and pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 group developed noticeable fluorescence expression not only in the whole body but also liver biopsy, especially in the liver and tail. IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in rats undergoing ovariotomy (P < 0.05). The expression level of serum IGF-1 in rats of pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and then reduced over time (P < 0.05). Results indicated that recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-IGF-1 can be successfully transfected and expressed IGF-1 protein in osteoporosis rats, which can be a substantial foundation for further application of IGF-1 gene therapy to osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of recombinant human insulin gene lentiviral expression vector and virus packaging Xue Mei-si, Liu Yi 2010, 14 (33):  6133-6137.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.013 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (484KB) ( 608 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adenovirus vector faces many problems, such as immunological rejection and inflammatory reaction, as an adipose tissue engineering of genetically modified vector. These problems can be avoided when using lentivirus as vector, especially using lentivirus carrier containing insulin gene.  OBJECTIVE: To construct containing human recombinant insulin and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene lentiviral vector pLenti6.3-insulin IRES-EGFP, and to make virus particles packaging. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to obtain the target gene and BamHⅠ, AscⅠ two restriction sites were added, after T vector cloning, the gene was transformed into competent DH5α cells. The gene fragment and pLenti6.3-IRES-EGFP vector were transformed into competent DH5α cells by means of enzyme digestion. The lentiviral expression vector pLenti6.3-insulin-IRES-EGFP was obtained after screening followed by sequencing. The lentiviral vector was used to transfect 293T cells and package virus, and the virus titers were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A length of 347 bp with BamH Ⅰ and Asc Ⅰ target gene sequences was obtained by PCR. The pMD18-T vector was connected to the lentiviral vector pLenti6.3 IRES-EGFP, and the constructed lentiviral expression vector pLenti6.3-insulin-IRES-EGFP was corresponded to the expected. The lentiviral particles were successfully packaged. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a Balb/c-nu-hu model of human plasmacytoma Li Ning-jun, Zhang Hong, Feng Yi-zhong, Wang Pan-jun, Fu Jin-xiang 2010, 14 (33):  6138-6142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.014 Abstract ( 86 )   PDF (540KB) ( 482 )   Save BACKGROUND: Establishment of a plasmacytoma model plays an important role in study of the physiological mechanism and medication for multiple myeloma. OBJECTIVE: To establish a novel plasmacytoma model of Balb/c-nu-hu for further investigation of the growth of multiple myeloma (MM) cell line in human fetal bone. METHODS: Subcutaneously transplantation of 1-cm long segment of 16 weeks old human fetal thigh or tibia bone into Balb/c-nu mice to develop a novel chimeric model based on the Balb/c-nu-hu, 3 weeks later inoculated the interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent human MM cell line XG-7 into the human fetal bone. Human fetal bone implanted as well as extramedullary macro-tumors and important organs of the mouse model respectively stained by hematoxylin-eosin staining and monoclonal mouse anti-human CD34, CD59, CD138 and VEGF followed by morphological examination. X-ray film was used to examine the changes of bone density of fetal bone in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: New vessels could be observed on the surface and in fetal bones, with highly activity. The MM cell line XG-7 could grow, infiltrate and migrate in nude mice and formed extramedullary tumor, which exhibited similar pathological features to plasmacytoma. The positive expression of CD138 and CD59 demonstrated that the tumor had surface marker of plasma cell, and the positive CD34 showed it was derived from human. X-ray film showed the resorption of the human bones. The model was characterized by cachexia, terminal scatter and migration of myeloma cells. The Balb/c-nu-hu chimeric model is a novel vector for researching hominine hematopoiesis and bone based on animal. The MM cell can growth successfully based on the Balb/c-nu-hu chimera. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of interval hypoxic training on cardiac function of rats Liu Wei, Zhou Li 2010, 14 (33):  6143-6146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.015 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (205KB) ( 305 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that interval hypoxic training (IHT) can increase aerobic performance via altering blood index, but most of these are focus on researching blood index, the effects of IHT on cardiac function remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of IHT on the cardiac function by testing of hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control, IHT, sports, and IHT + sports groups. No treatment was performed on rats in the control group. IHT was performed in the IHT group. Rats were forced swimming without load in the sports group. In the IHT + sports group, rats were forced IHT and sports. The cardiac functions of rats were tested at 4 weeks after training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hemodynamic parameters of rats were altered with different degrees in all groups exception of the control group. The left ventricle systolic pressure, left ventricle end-diastolic pressure, left ventricle the maximal rates of pressure fall, left ventricle the maximal rates of rise and cardiac index of the IHT + sports group were higher than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). These findings revealed that IHT plus sport can increase cardiac systolic and diastolic functions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of keratinocyte growth factor on proliferation of rat pancreatic ductal epithelium cells in vitro  Bai Guang, Zhang Xiao-jian 2010, 14 (33):  6147-6150.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.016 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (340KB) ( 295 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pancreatic ductal epithelium cells (PDECs) can differentiate into insulin-producing cells in vitro or in vivo, but the cells have poor proliferation in vitro. Thus, the cell transplantation therapy for diabetes is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) at different concentrations on the proliferation of PDECs in order to seek the optimal serum dose. METHODS: The PDECs of rats were isolated by injecting collagenase Ⅴ solution and purified by removing the islets with Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Then the PDECs were identified by immunocytochemical staining and RT-PCR. Different concentrations of KGF were added into medium. The proliferation ability of PDECs was determined by cells counting and MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunocytochemical staining results showed positive expression of CK19 in PDECs; Morphology of the PDECs in the different groups were similar. The PDECs numbers of the 5 μg/L KGF group were significantly lower than that of the other KGF groups (P < 0.01), and the proliferation of the groups cultured with 10, 15 and 20 μg/L KGF were similar (P > 0.05). The KGF at different concentrations can significantly stimulate the proliferation of PDECs, the optimized concentration is 10 μg/L． Related Articles | Metrics

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Different sterilization methods and amniotic membrane activity: Evaluation based on morphological structure, expressions of hepatocyte growth factor, as well as tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 Yang Yu-kun, Zhao Min 2010, 14 (33):  6151-6154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.017 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (356KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: Amniotic membrane (AM) is widely used in treating ocular surface diseases and receives a positive curative effect. Different procedures, including antibiotics-antimyotics, peracetic acid-ethanol-sterilization (PES), γ-ray are applied for AM sterilization, it remains poorly understood which method is superior with little damage to the AM. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of different sterilizations on AM properties. METHODS: AM obtained from healthy placenta was sterilized by 4 different procedures, including antibiotics-antimyotics, PES, γ-ray and Iodophors. Then the cell morphology was observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining, and the protein and mRNA expressions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the amniotic epithelium was badly destoried by the γ irradiation sterilization. Procedures with PES and antibiotics-antimyotics presented with completed tissue structures. The expression of HGF and TIMP-1 were decreased by the sequence of PES group, antibiotics-antimyotics group, Iodophors group and γ-ray group (P < 0.05). While the mRNA levels of HGF and TIMP-1 deceased in the sterilized group compared with the unsterilized group, the γ-ray group expressed least (P < 0.05) and the other three group showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). The PES was suggested as an alternative method for sterilization because this method influenced the properties of the amniontic epithelium least. Related Articles | Metrics

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Targeting nuclear factor-kappa B p65siRNA promotes apoptosis of human vascular endothelial cell EAhy926 Liu Mu-biao, He Yuan-li, Zhong Jie 2010, 14 (33):  6155-6158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.018 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (352KB) ( 443 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that nuclear factor (NF) κB mRNA and protein are both increased in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis. NF κB participates in the pathological process of cell adhesion, invasion and angiopoiesis in endometriosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NF-ΚB on proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells (EAhy926 cells). METHODS: EAhy926 cells were cultured with stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, 10 μg/L), and then were transfected with NF-ΚB-siRNA. Meanwhile, negative control-siRNA, empty liposome and normal control groups were established. The proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of cells were detected by Heochst 33342 test, MMT assay and flow cytometry analysis.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, the rates of proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of cells were increased obviously in the NF-ΚB p65-siRNA group (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences between empty liposome group, negative control siRNA group and normal control group, respectively (P > 0.05). Synthetic siRNA can effectively inhibit the proliferation and stimulates the apoptosis of human vascular endotheliar cells.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of hydroxycamptothecin on the proliferation of fibroblasts isolated from human pathological scars Liao Li-xin, Pan Deng, Chen Gang-quan, Li Li 2010, 14 (33):  6159-6162.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.019 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (396KB) ( 398 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous experiments have showed that topoisomerase Ⅰ is highly expressed in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. This experiment hypothesized that weather hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), an inhibitor of topoisomerase Ⅰ, can inhibit human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts proliferation cultured in vitro? OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of HCPT on the proliferation of fibroblasts isolated from human pathological scars. METHODS: Pathological scar fibroblasts were cultured in vitro. MTT assay was used to determine the effect of HCPT on the proliferation of fibroblasts under 10 different doses (2-1 000 μg/L) at 24, 48 and 72 hours.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: HCPT with low concentration (2-8 μg/L) exhibited inhibitory effects on fibroblasts proliferation, which reached a platform stage with the next concentration (8-125 μg/L), and the effect would enhanced at the high concentration (125-500 μg/L). It revealed that HCPT had inhibitory effects on fibroblasts proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentration of drug was positively correlated with cell inhibitory rate (r=0.87, P < 0.05). As the time prolonged, the inhibition was not increased. Half of the inhibition rates (IC50) were 233, 176 and 103 μg / L at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Accordingly, HCPT can inhibit proliferation of human pathological scar fibroblasts in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of adrenomedullin gene transfer on rat liver following limb ischemia-reperfusion Wang Jin, Qu Shu-Lin, Yan Chao, Liao Qing 2010, 14 (33):  6163-6166.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.020 Abstract ( 104 )   PDF (411KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that adrenomedullin (ADM) drugs have protective effects on organ ischemia-reperfusion (IR), but, it remains unclear whether ADM gene transfer have protective effect on liver following limb IR. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of pVAX1-ADM on rat liver following limb IR. METHODS: Totally 32 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: namely, sham-surgery, IR model, pVAX1-ADM and empty vector groups, with 8 animals in each group. All rats were prepared for IR models except the sham-surgery group. pVAX1 and pVAX1-ADM were injected into rat gaspartate aminotransferase rocnemius in the pVAX1-ADM and empty groups; physiologic saline were injected into rats in the sham-surgery and IR model groups. The contents of plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic acid dehydrogenase were measured after reperfusion, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonaldehyde of liver were determined; the expression of ADM in operated gastrocnemius muscle was detected by immunohistochemistry; the morphological changes of liver tissues were observed under a microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham-surgery group, the contents of plasma GPT, GOT, lactic acid. dehydrogenase, and liver malonaldehyde in the IR model group were obviously increased (P < 0.01), and the SOD activity were notably decreased (P < 0.01). The tissue damage was obviously observed with microscope, such as the signs of liver cells edema and structural disorder. Compared with the IR model group, contents of plasma GPT, GOT, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and liver malonaldehyde in the pVAX1-ADM group were obviously decreased (P < 0.01), and the SOD activity were notably increased (P < 0.01), the tissue damages of hepatocytes had improved. Immunohistochemistrical results demonstrated that expression of ADM was up-regulated in the pVAX1-ADM group. These results show that the adrenomedullin gene transfer has protective effect on remote liver injury due to hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related to increased anti-oxidative capacity and reduced seepage of liver enzyme. Related Articles | Metrics

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Standard values of portable lactate-scout versus classic blood lactate analyzer  Quan Ming-hui, Zhang Qiu-hai, Chen Cai-zhen, Dong Li 2010, 14 (33):  6167-6170.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.021 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (325KB) ( 621 )   Save BACKGROUND: Blood lactate value has extensive influence and significance, therefore, blood lactate also widely applied, which has different variety and principles. OBJECTIVE: To compare test results between the new portable lactate-scout and classic blood lactate analyzer, and to judge accuracy and its application value of new portable lactate-scout. METHODS: The blood lactate value of subjects was measured prior to and after exercise using portable and classic type blood lactate analyzer, and the results were compared.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no consistency of measurement result between portable and classic type blood lactate analyzers, and they could not substitute mutually. The results were analyzed by regression equation with correlation coefficient r = 0.914, P < 0.01, the test value of portable lactate-scout = 1.895 × (classic) + 2.003, R2=0.836. The results reveled that there are great difference of test results between two methods, which can not substitute mutually. Regression equations can be used to calculate blood lactate values between two methods if necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modic changes of the lumbar endplate: Biochemistrical and histological features Liao Jia-xin, Wang Chen, Wang Jian-wei, Zhang Ai-guo 2010, 14 (33):  6171-6174.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.022 Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (398KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Modic changes, a common observation in MR imaging, are signal intensity changes in vertebral body marrow adjacent to the endplates of degenerative discs. However, degeneration degree of each type of Modic change remains unclearly. OBJECTIVE: To understand the degree of each type of Modic change degeneration though studying histology and biochemistry composition of Modic change. METHODS: A total of 36 endplates were harvested during surgery and divided into 3 groups according Modic changes. 12 cases had no Modic changes, 12 cases with type Ⅰ Modic changes, and 12 cases with type Ⅱ Modic changes. Haematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on each group. The histopathologic features of endplates were observed under a light microscope; expression of type Ⅱ collagen was examined by immunohistochemical method, and the content of proteoglycan was determined by phloroglucin way. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining showed that, brown-yellow positive expression could be found in matrix of vertebral endplates in each group. Compared with patients with normal endplates, the integral grey degree of patients with Modic changes were obviously increased (P < 0.05), which greater in Modic Ⅰ than that of Modic Ⅱ (P < 0.05). Proteoglycan determination showed that, vertebral endplates from patients with Modic Ⅰ, or type Ⅱ endplate changes had significantly more proteoglycan combined with patients with normal endplates (P < 0.05). The proteoglycan content in endplates exhibiting Modic Ⅰ were significantly higher than in endplates exhibiting Modic Ⅱ changes (P < 0.05). Histopathologic features were: there were disruption and fissuring in the endplates and vascularized fibrous tissues in Modic Ⅰ, while type Ⅱ changes demonstrated yellow marrow replacement. However, there was no changes in the Modic(-). The results suggest that Modic changes are successive procedure of aggravated degeneration of vertebral endplates. Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation of Akt and Bad in human knee osteoarthritis Chen Qing-zhi, Yu Yue-wei, Xia Chun, Zhang Bing 2010, 14 (33):  6175-6178.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.023 Abstract ( 161 )   PDF (291KB) ( 450 )   Save BACKGROUND: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) signal pathway has been shown to promote cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Application of PI3K/Akt signal pathway in osteoarthritis has aroused increasing attention, but its expression in human knee osteoarthritis cartilage tissue remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of Akt, Bad pathway in knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: The 31 samples of osteoarthritis human cartilage (experimental group) and 10 samples of normal human cartilage (control group) were selected. The normal histological technique and immunohistochemistry staining are used to detect the expression of Akt and Bad protein.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①The osteoarthritis cartilage became thinner, and the superficial layer becomes cracked; the chondrocytes in the intercellular and deep layer were disordered in the distribution. ②The expression of Akt protein in middle and deep layers of osteoarthritis human cartilage was significantly lower than normal human cartilage (P < 0.01), but the expression of Bad was similar between normal human cartilage and osteoarthritis human cartilage (P > 0.01). It is suggested that the PI3K/Akt pathway is closely related to the occurrence and development of the knee osteoarthritis. PI3K/Akt pathway changes may a major factor inducing articular cartilage damage. Bad dose not participate chondrocyte activities of osteoarthritis, but there is other substrate exists in PI3K/Akt pathway. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ovidutus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats Li Zhong-ping, Shen Hong-yi 2010, 14 (33):  6179-6183.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.024 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (359KB) ( 672 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that Oviductus Ranae plays a role in some symptoms of menopause. But its effect on prevention of osteoporosis required further investigation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Oviductus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate on preventing osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. METHODS: A total of 72 adult and female Wister rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 12 rats in each group. The osteoporosis model was induced in rats by the OVX with the exception of the sham operation group. The medication commenced from 7 days after operation and lasted continuously for 12 weeks. The rats of sham operation group and the OVX group left were given equal volume of distilled water. Premarin group was perfused with 387.8 g/L Premarin (conjugate estrogens tablets) suspension 6. 67 g/(kg•d); 67.0, 26.8, 13.4 g/(kg•d) Oviductus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate groups were treated with corresponding dose of hydrolyzate. Food utilization rate was evaluated at the end of 3 months. All rats were sacrificed at the 12th week. Uterines, bone femur dry mass, bone femur ashes mass were weighed with electric scales; bone mineral density (BMD) was observed under DPX-L model X ray densimeter, bone calcium and bone phosphorus were observed under spectrometer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the four medication groups, the high dose of Ovidutus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate group and the Premarin group had the lowest food utilization rate (P < 0.05). In the five OVX groups, uterins weighed was highest in Premarin group (P < 0.05). Both Premarin and moderate dose of Ovidutus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate retarded the bone loss (P < 0.05); the bone calcium and bone phosphorus of the three groups which received Ovidutus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate were higher than that of the OVX group (P < 0.05), but did not show any difference to that of the Premarin group (P > 0.05). The Ovidutus Ranae enzymatic hydrolyzate plays an important role in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis as well as Premarin, but it had a lower side-effect in uterine hyperplasia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cluster analysis of degenerative osteoarthropathy using traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types Liu Yuan, Niu Wei 2010, 14 (33):  6184-6187.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.025 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (270KB) ( 471 )   Save BACKGROUND: Degenerative osteoarthropathy is a commonly and frequently occurring disease in clinic, but most doctors have different comprehension and cognition at present, especially in pathogenesis, therapy and different symptom types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The most important reason is lack of objective research in different symptom types and diagnosis in this disease. Therefore, it is significant to investigate syndrome classification using cluster analysis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution trait in degenerative osteoarthropathy according to different symptom types of TCM. METHODS: The questionnaire was designed according to the clinical manifestations in degenerative osteoarthropathy patients. A total of 70 patients including Chinese medicine symptoms, clinical signs, tongue, pulse and other diagnostic messages were collected and analyzed using Hierachical cluster analysis statistical method and combined with clinical knowledge, we hope to discover the characteristics of different symptom type of TCM in this disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Degenerative osteoarthropathy occurred in the knee articulation, which has close relationship with the liver and kidney, and the main pathogenesise were deficiency of the liver and kidney and arthralgia caused by wind, cold and dampness. According to the result of Hierachical cluster analysis, the disease could be divided into three categories syndrome: The first symptom was deficiency of the liver and kidney; the second symptom was arthralgia caused by wind, cold and dampness; the last symptom was blood stasis and vital energy retardation. The findings demonstrated that cluster analysis statistical method can be used for classification of disease syndromes.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue-engineered bone in oral implantology Li Yang, Li Zhao 2010, 14 (33):  6190-6193.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.027 Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (293KB) ( 478 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the oral implantology, the planting site is usually lack of bone. Tissue-engineered bone has made a progress in the lack of bone of planting site.  OBJECTIVE: To overview the composition and application of tissue-engineered bone in the oral implantology from aspects of seed cells, scaffold materials, and growth factors. METHODS: VIP and PubMed databases were searched by computer using key words of “tissue-engineered bone, oral implantology” for papers published from 2000 to 2009. The repetitive documents were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 258 literatures were searched by computer, and 25 documents were included in the final analysis. Bone, cartilage, periosteum, extraosseous tissues and fetal bone are the main sources of seed cells. Application of growth factors can induce, accelerate, and enhance the formation of alveolar bone. The synthetic materials are widely used in preparing scaffolds, thus, the repair effects are diversified using different materials. Tissue-engineered bone possesses good prospect due to small donor tissues and few rejections, however, it encounters the problems of great technical difficulty and slow growth speed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Directional differentiation of tissue engineered chondrocytes Zhou Jun-jie, Yu Guang-rong, Cao Cheng-fu, Chen Xian-qi, Pang Jin-hui, Shi Ji-xiang 2010, 14 (33):  6194-6197.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.028 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (348KB) ( 415 )   Save BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage cannot repair completely after injury, which is liable to degenerative change under physiological stress, eventually develops into osteoarthritis. Therefore, repairing damaged articular cartilage using tissue engineered chondrocytes provide a new approach for articular cartilage disease treatment. OBJECTIVE: To understand the biological characteristics and construction of tissue engineered chondrocytes, and to define the progress of directed differentiation of tissue engineered chondrocytes. METHODS: Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Medline database were retrieved for papers concerning tissue engineered chondrocytes published between 1994 and 2009. The progress of inductive seed cells and regulation pathway were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 27 literatures were selected. Growth factor in extracellular matrix plays an important role in the growth and differentiation of cartilage via controlling cell signaling pathways. Simultaneously, surrounding environment of chondrocytes also affects cartilage differentiation. However, the relationships among signaling pathways are poorly understood. The scaffold materials for tissue engineered chondrocytes construction need to be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth factor participates in bone reconstruction under stress Wang Li, Zhao Wen-zhi, Li Bin, Su Jin 2010, 14 (33):  6198-6201.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.029 Abstract ( 84 )   PDF (332KB) ( 667 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skeleton can remodel its shapes and rebuild sclerotin in the process of growth or mature. Various growth factors involve in this procedure under stress. OBJECTIVE: To explore the produce and expression of growth factor in bone reconstruction under stress. METHODS: Databases of PubMed (1970-01/2009-12), CNKI and CBM (1990-01/2009-12) were retrieved by computer to search documents with regard to growth factor participation in bone reconstruction under stress, and the effects of growth factor on bone reconstruction were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 28 papers were included. The environment of the stress can prompted the proliferation of cells, induce the rearrangement of cytoskeleton and the change of cellular shape, accelerate the mineralization of cell matrix, boost the release of cytokine and bone hormones (bone morphogenetic protein, prostaglandin E2, as well as insulin-like growth factor 1), then to control the metabolism of bone, to stimulate the growth and the remodeling of bone. However, the transfer mechanism of stress on cells is unclearly, and the interactions between stress and remodeling adaptation of bone remains poorly understood. Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal model of osteoarthritis: Artificial induction versus spontaneous induction Hu Bo, Hu Zhi-jun, Zhang You-wei, Wang Shi-wei 2010, 14 (33):  6202-6205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.030 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (318KB) ( 787 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a retrogressive arthrosis, incidence rate of which increased obviously with the age. Accompanying with the aging of the population, the incidence of this disease appears an upward trend significantly. The etiology and pathogenesis of OA is poorly understood, without cure measures. Thus, corresponding animal models are needed. OBJECTIVE: To explore preparation, characteristics and application of OA animal models. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed databases was undertaken to identify the articles about the OA animal models published between January 2004 and October 2009. Meanwhile, Chinese Journal Full-text Database was searched for related Chinese articles published from January 2002 to October 2009. The researches concerning OA were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 34 documents addressing the preparation of OA were included in this paper. The OA models could be attained both by artificially and spontaneous induction. The study found that the artificial induced model by surgical method may result in damage to joints, further more, affects experimental results. Non surgical method in inducing OA models mainly used for the research of cartilaginous lesions and drugs. OA models prepared by spontaneous induction are more suitable for the pathological mechanisms and prevention methods of OA. Accordingly, the model preparation is depended on experimental focus.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on murine models of knee osteoarthritis Zhou Jing-hui, Wu Yao-chi, Li Shi-sheng, Zhu Wei-min, Zhang Sheng-hong 2010, 14 (33):  6206-6209.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.031 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (363KB) ( 1091 )   Save BACKGROUND: To explore the method of establishing animal models of knee osteoarthritis is a key topic of studying its etiopathogenisis and therapeutic method. Murine is commonly-used experimental animals for knee osteoarthritis model establishment. Model establishment method is various. According to the aims of experiments, different ways of establishing models were chosen. OBJECTIVE: To analyze establishment methods of animal models of murine knee osteoarthritis, and to evaluate model preparation. METHODS: CNKI full-text database and PubMed database were searched for articles about murine model for knee osteoarthritis published from January 1990 to December 2009 with the key words of “knee osteoarthritis, model, rat, valuation”. All data were primarily screened to exclude clinical observation and to look up full-texts. Moreover, references of each literature were checked. Experimental study (experimental animal was murine) was included. Repetitive studies and untypical study reports were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 39 articles on murine experimental researches of knee osteoarthritis were collected and 25 in Chinese and 14 in English met the inclusive criteria. We draw the conclusion that murine intraosseous hypertension-induced osteoarthritis models showed good stability of animal knee joint; the methods of creating models are simple, with small trauma, which is consistent with mechanisms of knee osteoarthritis in clinic. Thus, the obtained models of knee osteoarthritis are reliable. A better model establishment method can be selected according to practical conditions (such as expense budget, experimental condition). Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro isolation and cultivation of tissue-engineered skin appendage: Development, detection, regulation and proliferation Fu Yang, Ma Bing, Xia Zhao-fan 2010, 14 (33):  6210-6213.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.032 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (347KB) ( 315 )   Save BACKGROUND: All types of tissue-engineered skins have a common challenge, namely, the absence of complete skin function, especially lacking of skin appendages (hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, etc.). How to develop the “functional tissue-engineered skin”, that is a complete skin and organ, has become an imminent research direction. OBJECTIVE: To provide help for solving the problem that it is hard to form skin appendages in artificial composite skins by reviewing progress of isolating or culturing skin appendage-related stem cells and inducing differentiation of skin appendages.                                                                 METHODS: A computer online search using key words of “skin tissue engineering, skin appendages” was performed to search databases of PubMed and CNKI. Inclusive criteria: Articles related to differentiation and proliferation of stem cells into hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and other skin appendage using tissue engineering technology. Exclusive criteria: repetitive research or Meta analysis.              RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 97 literatures were searched by computer, and 36 papers were further analyzed after excluding 35 unrelated articles and 26 repetitive research. A variety of cells in the human body has the ability to differentiate into skin appendages. Further clarifying the mechanism of embryonic development, in-depth study of stem cells differentiation regulation mechanism, combining growth factors, stem cell biotechnology and bio-materials engineering may develop a real sense of the permanent skin substitute. However, the safety and effect of permanent skin substitute need to be further studied. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of tissue engineering technology in urethral stenosis Sun Xian-jun, Sa Ying-long 2010, 14 (33):  6214-6217.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.033 Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (276KB) ( 560 )   Save BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effect of the treatment of urethral stricture is unsatisfactory due to lack of ideal materials for urethral repair and reconstruction. The application of tissue engineering technology develops quickly in recent years. Thus, it becomes to a hot topic to seek optimal repair and reconstruction materials. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the development of tissue engineering technology and to explore its application in repairing urethral stricture. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed by the first author on the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CNKI: 1989 to 2009) and Medline database (1989 to 2009) using key words of “tissue engineering, urethra engineering, BMMSCs”. The languages were limited in Chinese and English. The urinary tract repair and reconstruction were explained from the aspects of stem cells, biomaterial scaffold and construction of autografts. The paper summarized the urethra engineering from theoretical studies and clinical application, emphasized on the evaluation of application results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 96 articles are retrieved. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria for literature selection, 30 papers were included. Stem cell technology was lack of reliable evidences in evaluating long-term effects of urethral stricture repair and reconstruction. As an emerging material, biomaterial scaffold has excellent histocompatibility, and has received good results in clinical application. There was lack of effective evaluation of urethral stricture repair and reconstruction using urethra organized organs. The results demonstrated that biomaterial scaffold obtains good results in repair and reconstruction of urethral stricture, but the long-term results of other technology need to be verified.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of tissue engineering technology in the low urinary system reconstruction Liu Jie, Fu Qiang 2010, 14 (33):  6218-6222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.034 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (364KB) ( 638 )   Save BACKGROUND: Injury, inflammation, tumor, congenital malformation and other reasons often cause serious defects in the lower urinary tract. There are many disadvantages of lower urinary tract reconstruction using conventional surgery. Tissue engineering technology can construct tissue engineered organs with acellular matrix and biomaterial scaffold, which exploits a new therapeutic approach for clinical reconstruction of lower urinary tract. OBJECTIVE: To review the application of tissue engineering technology in male low urinary system reconstruction and to point out its shortcomings. METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched using key words of “tissue engineering, urethra engineering, bladder, urethra, testicle” from January 1994 to June 2009. Totally 72 literatures were initial searched, and 29 documents were included in the further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two kinds of models were used in vesical construction, that is, acellular matrix model and composite scaffolds with seeded cells model. The acellular matrix scaffold comprised vesical extracellular matrix, urethra extracellular matrix and small intestinal submucosa, etc. In composite scaffolds with seeded cells, seed cells were incubated into scaffolds, and implanted into bodies after certain treatment. Application of urethra tissue engineering was similar to that of bladder. But testis tissue engineering is just at the sprout stage. Presently, the tissue engineered “substitute” is not comparable to natural tissues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Corneal neovascularization and treatment Wang Jun-hua, Gao Gui-ping 2010, 14 (33):  6223-6225.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.035 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (328KB) ( 647 )   Save BACKGROUND: Corneal neovascularization commonly lead to blind in China, however, which have not a patent medicine or treatment method. OBJECTIVE: To overall understand the pathogenesis of corneal neovascularization, and to review the treatment methods for corneal vascular diseases. METHODS: Databases of PubMed and CNKI were retrived by computer to search randomized controlled or semi-randomized controlled experiments concerning pathogenesis and treatment methods for corneal neovascularization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 27 papers were included. Corneal neovascularisation, caused by corneal edema, vascular factors, inflammatory reaction, hypoxia, or corneal nerve damage, could damage visual acuity of patients. Therapies such as Avastin, Deoxyribozyme, small RNA interference, monoclonal antibody, photodynamic, and traditional Chinese Medicine have been systematic clinic or animal experiment to check their security and effectiveness. With the development of technology, corneal neovascularisation therapy would be safe and effective in future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene therapy for optic nerve tissue engineering reconstruction  Guo Bing, Xu Jia-jun 2010, 14 (33):  6226-6229.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.036 Abstract ( 78 )   PDF (317KB) ( 354 )   Save BACKGROUND: Current treatments for optic nerve disease include cell transplantation, gene therapy, medication and operation intervention. Moreover, gene therapy has aroused increasing attention and may become an alternative to some optic nerve diseases. OBJECTIVE: To summarize gene therapy for optic nerve injury from aspects of gene vector, neurotrophic factor, and tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based online search of VIP, Pubmed and Elsevier databases was performed for related articles with the key words “optic nerve regeneration, gene therapy, tissue engineering” in Chinese and English. Articles related to gene therapy for optic nerve injury were included, and repetitive studies were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 268 articles were collected, and 29 were included. Increasing gene therapies utilized non-virus and viral vector to transfect retinal ganglion cells, including many vector transfection methods, such as non-viral vector transfection, lentiviral vector transfection, adenovirus vector transfection, and adeno-associated virus vector transfection. Recombinant adenovirus vectors have been frequently used. These gene vectors can enhance retinal ganglion cells survival and promote axonal regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation study on functional results in elderly patients with chronic stroke: Comparison of limb function between patients admitted in general hospital and day care training center Piao Chun-hua, Sang De-chun, Makino Kenichirou, Wada Futoshi, Hachisuka Kenji 2010, 14 (33):  6230-6233.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.037 Abstract ( 123 )   PDF (238KB) ( 390 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that there are no significant differences between the general hospital and day care training center in functional maintenance and life quality of patients. However, there are few studies concerning the difference of limb functions and influencing factors in patients with chronic stroke.  OBJECTIVE: Following up elderly patients with chronic stroke undergoing long-term rehabilitation treatment to compare the results from different facilities in order to take appropriate strategies for rehabilitation treatment for functional maintenance of elder patients with chronic stroke.   METHODS: Totally 119 elderly patients (aged 60-75 years) with chronic stroke undergoing rehabilitation treatment at different facilities were recruited in present investigation research program. The differences of functional measurements, including muscle strength of the quadriceps on both paretic side and non paretic side, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic side, and time of 10 meters walking at both first measurement as baseline and second measurement after 1 year were compared between two groups to identify the influencing factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Muscle strength of the quadriceps on both paretic and non-paretic side in the hospital group was greater than that of the day care group at both first and second measurements (P < 0.05). The knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion on paretic side was smaller in the hospital group than that of the day care group at first measurement (P < 0.05), but the difference had no significance at 1 year after operation. The result of stepwise regression analysis showed quadriceps on both paretic and non–paretic side, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion were shown to be significantly effective on improvement of themselves over a year in two groups. In general, muscle strengthening exercise and range of movement of knee extension exercise should be emphasized in specific patients at day care group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Early rehabilitation and bone mineral density in patients with functional disorders of the knee joint caused by lower limb fracture  Zhang Lin 2010, 14 (33):  6234-6237.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.038 Abstract ( 126 )   PDF (230KB) ( 587 )   Save BACKGROUND: The correlation between bone mineral density (BMD) and rehabilitation treatment benefits understanding the rehabilitation progress, and provides a basis for therapist to establish or correct the program. However, there are few reported regarding the influence of rehabilitative treatment on human BMD. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of rehabilitation on BMD in patients with functional disorders of knee joint caused by lower limb fracture and compare the gender differences. METHODS: A total of 80 patients who had the dysfunction of knee joint caused by fracture of lower limb underwent internal or external fixation in Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Hospital. They were randomly assigned to rehabilitation and control groups. The rehabilitation group started rehabilitation training at 4 weeks after operation, including active exercise, passive exercise, and various physical therapies for 20 weeks. The control group did not do rehabilitation training during the 24 weeks. At 4 and 24 weeks after operation, the BMD of femoral neck, L 2-4 and ward’s area in two groups was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and range of motion of the knee joint was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMD of femoral neck, L 2-4 and ward’s area in both groups decreased. But the BMD in rehabilitation group was greater than the control group (P < 0.01), and the improvement in range of motion was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The results showed that rehabilitation effectively attenuated bone mineral substance loss during rehabilitation from lower limb fracture, reduced BMD decrease, effectively prevented and improved osteoporosis due to immobilization. Moreover, there were no gender differences. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface electromyogram of neck muscles of middle-aged taxi drivers   Wang Nian-hui 2010, 14 (33):  6238-6242.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.039 Abstract ( 130 )   PDF (231KB) ( 537 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that fatigue accumulation during long time driving can lead to lumbodorsal muscles functional disorder for drivers.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimized evaluation parameter for muscle functions in the neck for people dealing with driving taxi work for long time by discussing the nerve discharge features of their muscles in the neck, and to provide some references for diagnosing and preventing occupational muscle disorders in the neck. METHODS: A total of 35 middle-aged taxi drivers participated in the test. The control group comprised healthy volunteers with matched gender and age but without a medical history of pain in the neck and low back. The ME6000 surface electromyography equipment was used to record the discharge status of the eight muscles of the participants sitting with computer operation, namely, muscles on the two sides of C3 and C7 in the neck. The test aims to observe the changes of the root mean square amplitude (RMS) and mean frequency (MF). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A 120-minute sitting stance operating the driving can trigger the fatigue of muscles in the neck for participants in the test groups and control groups. However, the slope of RMS for muscles on the two sides of C3 and C7 muscles in the test group was much higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The intercept for RMS curve fitting of muscles on the two sides of C3 and C7 was much greater than that in the control group, while the slope of MF was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the intercept for MF curve fitting of muscles on the two sides of C3 and C7 muscles was much lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The results suggested that it will trigger fatigue of muscles in the neck if you driving a taxi with a sitting stance for a long time. In addition, long-time work involving driving a car is expected to lead to accumulated fatigue of muscles in the neck, as well as asymmetry in discharge for muscles in both sides. In the judgment for muscle fatigue of long-time driving a car with a sitting stance, the reliability of the frequency domain parameter MF and RMS. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of ARIMA model in estimation of pulmonary heart disease in Qinghai Haixizhou region  Tian Fu-peng, Ma Liang-liang 2010, 14 (33):  6243-6246.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.040 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (370KB) ( 683 )   Save BACKGROUND: The incidence rate of pulmonary heart disease is affected by many factors, and each kind of factor is maintaining the intriguing relation with others. Therefore, it is difficult to analyze and predict using deterministic mathematical model. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application of ARMA forecasting model on time series data, and to establish forecasting model on pulmonary heart disease incidence rate in Haixizhou region. METHODS: The data of pulmonary heart disease incidence rate in Haixizhou from January 2003 to December 2008 were analyzed by time sequence. Three kinds of ARIMA models had been established through data stabilizing and mode identifying, and ARIMA (2, 1, 1) model has been selected out by virtue of the criterion of AIC and SC. At last, the rationality of the model was ensured by model test and model predication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The dynamic trend of prediction value forecasted by ARIMA (2, 1, 1) model basically accorded with the actual condition, with quite ideal results. ARIMA (2, 1, 1) model can be used as the forecasting of pulmonary heart disease incidence rate, which can help people comprehend the variation trend and regularity for seasonal change of pulmonary heart disease incidence rate, focused on the work of pulmonary heart disease healthy protection, effectively reduce the hazards of pulmonary heart disease to human, protection of human life quality. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of Homocysteine and its metabolic enzyme genes polymorphisms with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs Wang Hong, Wu Gui-zhen, Zhang Ying, Zhang Xiang-yang, Chen Yu-lan, Ai Si-kar 2010, 14 (33):  6247-6252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.041 Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (394KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: The incidence of hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs belongs to front row in country, but the pathogenesis of hypertension remains poorly understood. It is reported and confirmed that Homocysteine (Hcy) has relation with many cardiovascular diseases, but there are still no reports whether the level of Hcy and gene polymorphism of Hcy metabolism-related enzymes exist relation with essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of homocysteine, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C, methionine synthase (MS) A2756G polymorphisms and essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs. METHODS: A total of 408 Kazakhs subjects were divided into 2 groups: the hypertension group (n = 195), including 93 males and 102 females, average aged (49.44±9.71) years. Control group (n = 213), including 95 males and 118 females, mean aged (40.82±8.87) years. The gene polymorphisms of MTHFR A1298C and MS A2756G were measured by specific primer PCR and polymerase chain reaction-Restriction fragmentlength polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The levels of plasma Hcy were measured using enzymoimmunoassay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The level of plasma Hcy were significantly higher in the hypertension group than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and there was significant difference in gender, the level of plasma Hcy in male was higher than that in female (P < 0.05). The distribution of genotypic and allelic frequencies had no significant difference between the hypertension group and the control group (P > 0.05). There were no significant difference in the level of plasma Hcy among subjects with the difference genotypes in MTHFR A1298C, MS A2756G and jointed genotypes in MTHFR A1298C and MS A2756G (P > 0.05). There was probably no relation between MTHFR A1298C and MS A2756G genetic polymorphism and essential hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs. Higher level of Hcy was probably a risk factor for hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs, but it was not an independent risk factor for hypertension in Xinjiang Kazakhs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of porcine bone protein on serum phosphorus level and bone mineral density in a rat model of osteoporosis An Yu-hui, He Si-yu, Song Dan, Li Feng-chun, Zhang Chao, Mao Hong-li, Zhang Qian 2010, 14 (33):  6253-6257.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.042 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (299KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that many American women who are at high risk of developing osteoporosis have higher levels of serum phosphorus. This indicates that some substances which can lower the serum level of phosphorus will supply a new and effective method to prevent and treat osteoporosis.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the influences of porcine bone protein on bone mineral density (BMD) and serum levels of calcium and phosphorus in a rat model of osteoporosis. METHODS: Wistar rat models of osteoporosis were established by intramuscular injection of dexamethasone. Rat models were randomly divided into physiological saline, Jiegu Qili tablet, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg porcine bone protein groups. Rats that did not receive any treatments served as normal controls. After 12 weeks of treatment, serum was collected and serum levels of phosphorus and calcium were determined by biochemistry method. At the same time, tibia sections were made to determine tibial DMD by QDR-400 dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and to observe tibia marrow cavity by hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in serum level of calcium among groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the physiological saline group, serum level of phosphorus in the 50, 100, 200 mg/kg porcine bone protein groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). BMD was significantly higher in the 50, 100, 200 mg/kg porcine bone protein, Jiegu Qili tablet groups than in the physiological saline group (P < 0.05). The tibia marrow cavity was smallest in the normal control group and largest in the physiological saline group. The tibia marrow cavity was larger in the 50, 100, 200 mg/kg porcine bone protein, Jiegu Qili tablet groups than in the physiological saline group. These results indicate that porcine bone protein cannot change the serum level of calcium, but it lowers serum level of phosphorus, and increases BMD, in a rat model of osteoporosis. However, the dose-dependent effect of porcine bone protein was not observed within the present experimental dosage. In addition, porcine bone protein can also reduce the marrow cavity of the tibia of rats with osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibition effect of mannose-6-phosphate on expression of transforming growth factor beta and its receptor in flexor tendon cells Shen Yan-qing, Xia Chang-suo, Ma Ai-guo 2010, 14 (33):  6258-6261.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.043 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (310KB) ( 294 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) has an important role in tendon healing and adhesion formation. Inhibiting TGF-β and its receptor expression may prevent adhesions after tendon open. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of mannose-6-phosphate, a natural inhibitor of TGF-β, on TGF-β and its receptor production in tendon sheath fibroblasts, epitenon tenocytes, and endotenon tenocytes of rabbit flexor toes. METHODS: Tendon sheath fibroblasts, epitenon tenocytes, and endotenon tenocytes were isolated from rabbit flexor tendon and cultured separately. All these cells were divided into 2 groups at random, experiment group supplemented with mannose-6-phosphate and control group without mannose-6-phosphate. The expression of TGF-β and TGF-β receptor was quantified with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of TGF-β1 was also assessed with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of TGF-β and TGF-β receptor in experiment group was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). In experimental group, the positive expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and the expression level of intracellular TGF-β1 mRNA in all tendon cells demonstrated significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower in all three types of tendon cell cultured with mannose-6-phosphate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Remodeling of inflammatory periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement Zhu Jun, Zhao Hong-yi, He Miao, Ying Jie 2010, 14 (33):  6262-6266.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.044 Abstract ( 144 )   PDF (318KB) ( 589 )   Save BACKGROUND: More and more patients with periodontal disease require orthodontic treatments. Thus, the remodeling process and its mechanism of inflammatory periodontal tissues become a hot point during orthodontic tooth movement. OBJECTIVE: To observe the remodeling of inflammatory periodontal tissues during orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: A total of 50 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control and periodontitis groups. In the periodontitis group, rats were established periodontitis models. After that, all rats were prepared for orthodontic tooth movement models. The remodeling of periodontal tissues was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after orthodontic tooth movement.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The movement distance of the periodontitis group was greater than that of the control group. At 0-7 days after orthodontic force application, there was obviously bone resorption at the pressure side and the bone formation was inhibited at the tension side; at 14 days after force application, the bone resorption was diminished, associated with large numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts at the pressure sides in both groups. The findings showed that rats with periodontitis suffered more periodontal traumatism during orthodontic tooth movement, thus, treatment should be delayed until the inflammatory signs were controlled and the local inflammatory was eliminated. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlating estrogen receptor-alpha PvuII genetic polymorphism with bone mass index in premenopausal Han Chinese women from Nanchang region Xu Hong, Peng Jing, Zhang Li, Zou Lin, Kuang Hai-bin 2010, 14 (33):  6267-6270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.33.045 Abstract ( 137 )   PDF (319KB) ( 349 )   Save BACKGROUND: Obesity is serious complex disease determined by multiple genetic factors. Body mass index (BMI) is a common phenotype for obesity. Although some candidate genes have been shown to be related with BMI variation, the underlying substantial relationship remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether estrogen receptor-α (ER-α) PvuII genetic polymorphism is associated with BMI variation. METHODS: In total 390 premenopausal women from a local population of Nanchang City in Jiangxi Province People's Hospital. Body weight and height were measured. All participants were genotyped at the ER-α PvuII locus using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ER-α PvuII genotype frequencies of PP, Pp and pp were 0.133, 0.485 and 0.382, respectively. The distribution of ER-PvuII genotypes was in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) (P > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between ER-α PvuII genetic polymorphism and BMI variation (P = 0.338). These findings indicate that ER-α PvuII genetic polymorphism does not greatly affect BMI variation of premenopausal women in Nanchang region. Related Articles | Metrics