Table of Content

01 October 2013, Volume 17 Issue 40 Previous Issue    Next Issue

For Selected:

Download Citations EndNote Reference Manager ProCite BibTeX RefWorks

Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Retinal stem cell culture supernatant induces differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Wang Zhuo, Wang Dan, Hao Dong-hai, Li Bo 2013, 17 (40):  7027-7027.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.001 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (364KB) ( 455 )   Save BACKGROUND: Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into nerve cells has brought a new hope for the repair and regeneration after nervous system injuries. OBJECTIVE: To study the neuron-like differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by the retinal stem cell culture supernatant. METHODS: The whole bone marrow culture was applied. The differentiation results of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by retinal stem cell culture supernatants were identified by immunofluorescence method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 72 hours of induction, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express nestin and microtubule-associated protein 2. Retinal stem cell culture supernatant can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into neuron-like cells, suggesting that retinal stem cells may secrete nerve growth factor. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Intracellular Ca 2+ is involved in survival, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes  Jiao Shu-xian, Hu Bin, Zhao Lin, Liu Xiao-hua, Feng Zhi-hui 2013, 17 (40):  7028-7033.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.002 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (402KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechanism of differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells remains unclear. In addition, issues such as how signal pathways such as Ca 2+and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and differentiation signals form complex signal network remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Ca 2+ in the induced differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from rat bone marrow using whone bone marrow adherence method, purified, amplified, and induced with hepatocyte growth factor. [Ca 2+ ]i in the  directional differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and control bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were detected with flow cytometry. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells induced with hepatocyte growth factor were mixed with nimodipine of different concentration, and cells were divided into three groups: hepatocyte growth factor+ nimodipine 10 mg/L, 50 or 100 mg/L groups. Cell growth was observed with inverted phase contrast microscope and alpha 1-antitrypsin expression of the cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. The calcineurin M and the activation of extracellular signal regulated kinase pathway was detected by reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: [Ca 2+ ]i in the directional differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was higher than in the control group (P < 0.05). After addition of a larger dose of nimodipine, no differentiation of cells was obeserved and growth of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells was getting worse. There were few alpha 1-antitrypsin positive cells in the nimodipine groups. Calcineurin M expression was significantly increased in directional differentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and small dose of nimodipine than the controls (P < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found among middle, high dose nimodipine and control groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that Ca 2+ could participate in the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes incuded with cytokines, and also maintain the survival and proliferation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Differentiation of human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes induced by supernatants of human chondrocytes Zhou Feng, Wang Ying-zhen, Zhang Hai-ning, Lü Cheng-yu, Xu Zong-yao 2013, 17 (40):  7034-7039.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.003 Abstract ( 196 )   PDF (366KB) ( 398 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells have been used as seed cells to repair cartilage defects. Their application has been greatly limited by high cost and sufficient amount although they could be cultured in induced medium or induction factors. OBJECTIVE: To verity the feasibility to induce human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into the chondrocytes using supernatants of human chondrocytes. METHODS: Human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells were separated with density gradient centrifugation and adherent method from human umbilical cord blood. Surface markers of human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells were identified by flow cytometry. Human hyaline cartilage was dissected, digested, and chondrocytes were cultured in vitro. The human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with supernatant from chondrocytes. After 2 weeks, the changes of phenotype of the cells were identified, and type II collagen expression was detected using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood using density gradient centrifugation and adherent method. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells expressed CD90 and CD105 positively, failed to express CD34 or CD45. After 2 weeks of induction, human umbilical cord blood    derived-mesenchymal stem cells turned to polygon and round shaped. Immunohistochemistry staining showed some human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells expressed type II collagen. Results indicate that culture medium of chondrocytes can induce human umbilical cord blood derived-mesenchymal stem cells to express type II collagen, and differentiate into the chondrocytes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Anti-aging action of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with lycopene Li Qian-qian, Cui Xiao-lan, Shi Han, Liu Jia, Cheng Xue, Wang Yi-zhong 2013, 17 (40):  7040-7046.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.004 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (488KB) ( 720 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated the anti-aging action of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells or lycopene. However, there are few researches on the anti-aging action of their combination. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anti-aging effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with lycopene on D-galactose-induced aging model in mice. METHODS: Subactute aging model was established in ICR mice by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. The experimental mice were divided into control group, model group, stem cell group, lycopene and stem cells+lycopene group. The mice were sacrificed after 8 weeks. The activity of superoxide dismutase, the content of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, brain and the content of hydroxyproline in skin were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of hydroxyproline were significantly reduced, but the content of malondialdehyde significantly increased in model group mice (P ≤ 0.01). Compared with three treatment groups, the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of hydroxyproline were significantly lower, but the content of malondialdehyde significantly greater in the model group (P ≤ 0.05). However, there was no statistical significance in content of malondialdehyde between model and lycopene groups (P > 0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of hydroxyproline were significantly higher, but the content of malondialdehyde significantly lower in stem cells+lycopene group compared with stem cell or lycopene groups (P ≤ 0.05). Results suggested that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and lycopene have anti-aging effects, and the anti-aging effects of the combination of them are better than either of them. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Histocompatibility of adipose-derived stem cells and absorbable gelatin sponge Zhang Wei, Zhang Yuan-he 2013, 17 (40):  7047-7053.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.005 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (526KB) ( 520 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is particularly important to search favorable scaffolds and seed cells in bone tissue engineering. However, no existing studies have reported the co-culture of adipose-derived stem cells and absorbable gelatin sponge. OBJECTIVE: To induce rabbit adipose-derived stem cells to osteoblasts, observe the adhesion, proliferation and biological characteristics of adipose-derived stem cells on absorbable gelatin sponge, and to provide experimental base for absorbable gelatin sponge as an effective carrier of fat stem cells transplantation in vivo. METHODS: Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured in vitro and identified with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The passage 3 adipose-derived stem cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and then seeded onto absorbable gelatin sponge after treatment with polylysine. The adhesion and proliferation of adipose-derived stem cells on scaffolds were observed under scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rabbit adipose-derived stem cells were mainly round and oval shaped at 48 hours, and became long spindle shaped after 48 hours. Adipose-derived stem cells were positive for CD29 and CD44, and negative for CD33 and CD34. Adipose-derived stem cells can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts after culture in the osteogenesis induced fluid for 72 hours. The induced osteoblasts that were co-cultured with absorbable gelatin sponge had an 85% adherence rate at 24 hours. The cells began to extend pseudopodium at 48 hours, and osteoblasts adhered in clumps and secreted a large amount of cell matrix at 7 days. Absorbable gelatin sponge began to absorb and degrade. Experimental findings indicate that, adipose-derived stem cells have good histocompatibility with absorbable gelatin sponge, and absorbable gelatin sponge can be used as a biological carrier of adipose-derived stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro isolation, culture and identification of adipose-derived stem cells Du Guo-jia, Chen Xiao-hong, Zhu Guo-hua, Fan Yan-dong, Wang Yun, Dang Mu-ren 2013, 17 (40):  7054-7060.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.006 Abstract ( 248 )   PDF (335KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells are easily collected and abundantly cultured, which can proliferate rapidly when being cultured in vitro. With multi-directional differentiation potential, adipose-derived stem cells are expected as seed cells for tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To isolate, culture and identify of adipose-derived stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats in vitro. METHODS: The subcutaneous adipose tissue was obtained from the iliac region of rats under the aseptic condition, and then was digested with 0.075% type Ⅰ collagenase and cultured in vitro. The morphology and proliferation characteristics of the cells were observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. The third passage was put into gauge for growth curve by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and the cells were also identified by CD44, a stem cell marker, with immunofluorescence staining. Adipose-derived stem cells were induced and differentiated into adipocytes in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium/Ham’s nutrient mixture F-12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum, dexamethasone and insulin, and then the cells were identified with oil red “O” staining. Adipose-derived stem cells were induced and differentiated into neural cells, and then the cells were identified with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The growth curve of adipose-derived stem cells was opposite-like “S” shape, and it strongly expressed CD44 that can designate a stem cell. The passage cells were exposed to a defined medium for adipocyte differentiation, and then could be stained with oil red. After being induced and differentiated into nerve cells, the cells expressed neuron-specific enolase. The adipose-derived stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats are characterized by easy isolation, culture and proliferation in vitro, expressing related phenotypes of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as induction and differentiation under certain conditions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 in breast cancer stem cells Xu Hai 2013, 17 (40):  7061-7067.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.007 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (435KB) ( 380 )   Save BACKGROUND: Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 may be related to tumor progression, and can prevent the apoptosis of breast cancer cells induced by interleukin-3 withdrawal. Serum and glucocorticoid regulated protein kinase 3 possibly participate in the regulation of intracellular Wnt signal pathway. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 and β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer cells. METHODS: Breast cancer stem cells were isolated, identified and subcultured from 71 breast cancer cases by dual-wave flow cytometry. The 30 normal breast tissues were used as the controls. SP immunohistochemistry analysis was used to detect the level of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 and β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer stem cells and normal breast tissues.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 and β-catenin in breast cancer stem cells were both higher than that of normal breast tissues (P < 0.01). There had a positive correlation between serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 and β-catenin expression in breast cancer stem cells (r=0.318, P < 0.05). Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 3 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer by regulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Effects of Sox-9 gene silenced by small interfering RNA on proliferation and apoptosis of epiphysis stem cells　 Chen Shao-jian, Guo Feng-jin, Wang Chun, Gong Chen 2013, 17 (40):  7068-7075.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.008 Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (433KB) ( 414 )   Save BACKGROUND: Current research has shown that many cell growth factors can promote the proliferation and differentiation of epiphysis stem cells, and this regulation is closely related to Sox-9. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA-induced specific silence of Sox-9 gene on the proliferation and apoptosis of epiphysis stem cells. METHODS: Epiphysis stem cells were isolated from the ring of La Croix with enzyme digestion and purified with magnetic activated cell sorting, identified by immunocytochemistry assay. The cells in good conditions were selected to be transfected by Sox-9 silenced by small interfering RNA with fluorescent marker, and then were observed under the fluorescent microscope to check the transfection efficiency. Next step, epiphysis stem cells were divided into 2 groups: group one was cultured normally as control group; group two was transfected by Sox-9 silenced by small interfering RNA through LipofectamineTM 2000 as experimental group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The primary epiphysis stem cells were separated and purified, which were of stable growth and tightly attachment. The results of immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed the epiphysis stem cells expressed cell-specific markers, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. After transfection, reverse transcription-PCR results showed that Sox-9 gene expression in epiphysis stem cell was inhibited specifically; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide results showed that cell proliferation in experimental group decreased significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the cell apoptosis detected by flow cytometry showed that the experimental group increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Sox-9 gene plays an important role in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of rat epiphysis stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Lentivirus-mediated over-expression of beta-catenin accelerates proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells Wu Qian, Wei Ya-ming, Li Yu-yuan, Nie Yu-qiang, Cao Yan-wen 2013, 17 (40):  7076-7083.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.009 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (868KB) ( 493 )   Save BACKGROUND: β-catenin is the most critical signaling molecule in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and tissue self-healing balance. OBJECTIVE: To construct a stable β-catenin over-expression lentivirus-mediated vector and to transfect mesenchymal stem cells line for investigating its effects on proliferation and migration of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Over-expression vector, PLV-EF1A-catenin-RFP, was constructed and transfected the 293T cell to infect mesenchymal stem cells, and positive cells were selected with puromycin. The up-regulated efficiency of targeting β-catenin gene at mRNA level was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, the effect on proliferation of mesenchmal stem cell was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and growth curve, and the migration ability was detected by Transwell motility assay.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The lentiviral vector targeting β-catenin gene was constructed successfully, and a stable mesenchymal stem cell line that up-regulated β-catenin was established. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that the expression of β-catenin gene was efficiently up-regulated by infecting PLV-EF1A-catenin-RFP (P < 0.05). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and growth curve showed that cell doubling time was shortened after infected with pLV-EF1A-catenin-RFP (P < 0.05), indicating that the over-expression of the β-catenin gene successfully increased the proliferative capability of mesenchymal stem cells. The Transwell assay also showed similar increasing results on the migration ability   (P < 0.01). The lenvivirus-mediated over-expression of the β-catenin gene can be used to increase the proliferation and migration abilities of the mesenchymal stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Isoproterenol influence on stem/progenitor cells of submandibular glands: Proliferative number or capability? Tang Yue-peng, Huang Gui-lin, Yao Li, Zhang Ni-ni, Yi Jie 2013, 17 (40):  7084-7089.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.010 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (370KB) ( 403 )   Save BACKGROUND: Injection of isoproterenol is known to induce proliferation and hypertrophy of acinar cells in rodent salivary glands. However, the clonal proliferation ability of stem/progenitor cells of salivary glands by isoproterenol remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the proliferation and activation ability of stem/progenitor cells of submandibular gland with colony assay by intraperitoneal injection of isoproterenol. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, isoproterenol and control groups, respectively intraperitonally injected with isoproterenol and normal saline for 5 consecutive days. The gland tissues were harvested, and the stem/progenitor cells of submandibular gland were obtained by enzyme digestion in vitro. The number of clonal colonies of each group was analyzed. The larger colony cells were collected for immunohistochemistry staining with CD90.1, laminin and α6β1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of middle and low proliferative potential colony-forming cells was less but high proliferative potential colony forming cells were significantly more in isoproterenol group compared with control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the total number of the colonies between two groups (P > 0.05). The high proliferative potential colony forming cells were positive for CD90.1, laminin and α6β1. Results showed that isoproterenol treatment model cannot increase the cell number, but enhance the proliferation ability of stem/progenitor cells from the submandibular gland. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Dexamethasone induces osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis of periodontal ligament stem cells Gu Zi-ya, Zhai Qiang, Lü Qiu-feng, Peng Can-xing, Liu Fang-fei, Peng Hui 2013, 17 (40):  7090-7095.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.011 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (494KB) ( 522 )   Save BACKGROUND: Periodontal ligment stem cells are adult stem cells derived from dental tissues, which possess the capability of osteogenic differentiation. They are promising “seed cells” in bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of osteogenic induction medium on the osteogenic differentiation and early apoptosis of periodontal ligment stem cells. METHODS: Periodontal ligment stem cells were isolated from primary periodontal ligament tissues and seeded on the plate at a density of 1×104/cm2. Osteogenic induction medium containing 1, 10 and 100 nmol/L dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid were used. Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral deposition staining and real time PCR were performed to assess the osteogenic capacity. AnnexinV/PI staining was used to detected apoptosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Dexamethasone effectively promoted osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligment stem cells, by up-regulating alkaline phosphatase activity, enhancing mineral deposition and increasing osteogenic related gene (osteonectin and type Ⅰ collagen) expression. Alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule detection showed that osteogenic effects of dexamethasone were gradient-dependent, and 100 nmol/L was the best concentration. Apoptosis detection results indicated that osteogenic differentiation of dexamethasone for periodontal ligment stem cells could also induce cell apoptosis to some extent. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Preparation of a feeder layer of human embryonic fibroblasts Sun Jia-bin, Gu Xiang, Pan Yue-qing 2013, 17 (40):  7096-7101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.012 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (381KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Very small embryonic-like stem cells are a kind of non-hemopoietic stem cells, which have similar biological characteristics to embryonic stem cells. But the method of its culture and in vitro proliferation is rarely reported. Studies have speculated that human embryonic fibroblasts can provide a good microenvironment for in vitro culture and proliferation of very small embryonic-like stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and cultivate human embryonic fibroblasts derived from human embryonic trunks and to establish a feeder layer culture system of human embryonic fibroblasts for culturing very small embryonic-like stem cells derived from human bone marrow. METHODS: The human embryonic fibroblasts were isolated from the subcutaneous connective tissue of human embryos at pregnant 5-9 weeks using trypsin digestion method. Different concentrations of mitomycin C were used to pretreat feeder layers, which were used for cultivating very small embryonic-like stem cells derived from human bone marrow. The effects of human embryonic fibroblasts and feeder layers were assessed by cell morphology and growth curves. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human embryonic fibroblasts were successfully isolated and cultivated from human embryos, and they could be passaged beyond the 24th generation. The biologic characteristics of the cells had no changes after passage and cryopreservation. The optimal concentration of mytomcin C to inhibit proliferation of human embryonic fibroblasts was l2 mg/L for 3 hours. The human embryonic fibroblasts derived from human embryos are successfully isolated and cultivated and to produce feeder layers for very small embryonic-like stem cells derived from human bone marrow. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

In vitro proliferation and passage of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells impact homing-associated factors Xu Wen, Tian Chen, Li Fang, Xia Bing, Guo Qing, Zhang Yi-zhuo 2013, 17 (40):  7102-7109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.013 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (431KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: The homing ability of mesenchymal stem cells after transplantation can decrease along with culture and passage in vitro. And the decline of homing abilities can further influence the implantation of mesenchymal stem cells in the target tissue, thus seriously affecting the repair effect. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and its related mechanisms by which in vitro culture and passage affect the homing ability of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bone marrow using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, and then purified using adhesion method. The mesenchymal stem cells were cultured into the   seventh generations with the normal cultural condition, and the morphological features of the 3rd, 5th and 7th generations of mesenchymal stem cells were observed. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide chromatometry was used to detect the growth feature of the 3rd, 5th and 7th generations of mesenchymal stem cells, and the growth curve was drawn. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of CXCR4, CXCR6, CXCL12, CD44 in the 3rd, 5th and 7th generations of mesenchymal stem cells, 2-△△Ct was calculated to get the relative value of each target gene, and the differences in expression of CXCR4, CXCR6, CXCL12, CD44 between different generations were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mononuclear cells could be obtained from the bone marrow by using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. High-purity mesenchymal stem cells could be obtained using adherent method. The ability of in vitro growing was strong, but following the passage, the cell morphology became wider and shorter. And the proliferation rate, the overall proliferated multiple and the expression of homing related factors decreased following the passage. The expression of CXCR4, CXCR6, CXCL12 and CD44 of mesenchymal stem cells decreased following the passage. The homing ability of mesenchymal stem cells was decreased following the passage, and may be relevant with the lower expression of CXCR4, CXCR6, CXCL12 and CD44 in cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor improves motor function of rats with spinal cord injury Li Zhao-cheng, Wang Wen-ji, Zhang Jing-gui, Zhao Long, Zhao Hui 2013, 17 (40):  7110-7116.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.014 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (420KB) ( 589 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, a neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was reported in a model of cerebral infarction and a model of acute spinal cord injury. However, the applied animal model was not established by impact method, different from pathophysiological process of human. OBJECTIVE: To observe effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on motor function in a rat model of spinal cord injury induced by Allen’s method. METHODS: Wistar rats were used to establish spinal cord injury at T10 level using modified Allen’s method. They were randomly assigned to two groups, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group, treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and vehicle group, treated with equal volume of PBS. The motor function was evaluated with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan score and modified Rivlin loxotic plate test monitored at 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days, and four-limb muscle strength was assessed using Grid walk test at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days post-operatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hind limbs paralysis occurred in all animals postoperatively. Scores of Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan and modified Rivlin loxotic plate test were greater in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group compared with vehicle group at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days (P < 0.05-0.01); mean Grid walk test errors were less in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group compared with vehicle group at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days (P < 0.05-0.01). Results indicate that motor function and four-limb muscle strength were improved following granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy compared with vehicle group, indicating that granulocyte   colony-stimulating factor has a positive effect on spinal cord injury. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Synergistic factors of endothelial progenitor cell transplantation in the treatment of diabetic foot Guo Ji-qiang, Liu Ai-bing 2013, 17 (40):  7117-7124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.015 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (469KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: The treatment of diabetic foot has become a “bottleneck”. The transplantation of autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells is a new way for the treatment of diabetic foot in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and the integrin in treatment of diabetes foot by transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed database and Chinese periodical full-text database for related articles published between January 1998 and December 2012, with "diabetic foot, endothelial progenitor cells, VEGFR-2, integrin, synergistic effect" in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 98 articles were searched, and 60 were included after excluding repetitive articles. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the diabetic foot treatment, autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells has around increasing attention, and gradually become the focus of this field. Therapy with endothelial progenitor cells has gradually developed into a new method for diabetic foot. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and the integrin may exhibit synergistic effects in the treatment of diabetes foot. However, the mechanism remains poorly understood. Further studies are needed to well understand their mechanism of action. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

New progress of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple myeloma He Rong-hui, Liu Lin 2013, 17 (40):  7125-7131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.016 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (399KB) ( 931 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma. After chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation becomes a standard therapeutic regimen for multipla myeloma, and numerous units and centers have reported that. How to reduce toxic and adverse reactions of the drugs, transplantation-related complications and improvement of long-term survival have been present foci. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the new progress of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple myeloma. METHODS: We retrieved PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, Vip database, Wanfang database, free medicaljournals.com source for articles published from January 2006 to November 2012 concerning autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of multiple myeloma. The key words were “autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, multiple myeloma”. A total of 46 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Large-dose chemotherapy combined with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma obtained better outcomes compared with the traditional chemotherapy. However, many patients could not relieve after single autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and the disease recurred finally. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was limited by donor source, and treatment-associated fatality rate was high, so its use was confined. Therefore, present new development direction included twice autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, autologous transplantation combined with allogeneic transplantation with reduced-intensity conditioning regimens as well as drug on the basis of single autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Novel drug proteasomes inhibitor and immunomodulator in inducer remission, pretreatment and sustaining stages obviously improved total reaction rate of multiple myeloma therapy and long-term survival. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Stem cells for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease Liu Xiao-feng, Wu Di, Wu Yan 2013, 17 (40):  7132-7137.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.017 Abstract ( 905 )   PDF (402KB) ( 775 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scientists began to use stem cells to treat Alzheimer’s disease since human beings achieved embryonic stem cells successfully in 1998. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in stem cells treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. METHODS: An online search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for articles published from 1998 to 2012 (CNKI) using key words of “Alzheimer’s disease, stem cells, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells” in Chinese and English, respectively. The articles were included which related to Alzheimer’s disease, neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, and for articles in the same field, those published recently or in authorized journals were selected. A total of 85 articles were searched. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The possible mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease include differentiation of neural-like cells, secretion of nutrition factor, improvement of endogenous repair, stimulation of vascular regeneration and action on inflammatory cells. This review highlighted research status of neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. There were advantages and disadvantages for all of them. The low immunogenicity and oncogenicity of neural stem cells are advantages, but limited source reduces their application. Mesenchymal stem cells also have low immunogenicity and oncogenicity, but their differentiation potential is not good as embryonic stem cells. Induced pluripotent stem cells also have many unsolved problems, but they have been regarded as promising stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Stem cells: A new resource for metabolic syndrome treatment Zhu Lu, Pan Xing-hua, Ruan Guang-ping, Pang Rong-qing, Cai Xue-min, Wang Jin-xiang 2013, 17 (40):  7138-7143.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.018 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (419KB) ( 510 )   Save BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is based on sugar, fat and other metabolic disorders and central obesity, hypertension as features in a series of syndrome. The traditional treatment is not yet possible to fundamentally improve and cure metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of the research progress of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of metabolic syndrome. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database and CNKI database for articles regarding basic research on progress of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and hypertension published from 2002 to 2012. The key words were “stem cells, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, stem cells transplantation” in English and Chinese, respectively. Outdated and repetitive studies were excluded, and 43 literatures were included for summarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells are the origin of the body cells, and have self-replicating, highly value-added and differentiation capacity. Stem cell therapy can promote a variety of damage repair and renew aging or death of cells, so as to improve the structure and function of tissues and organs, and to promote the utilization and excretion of metabolites. Studies have shown that stem cells can treat lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperglycemia, atherosclerosis and other hazards of metabolic syndrome disorders through a variety of mechanisms. There are many problems to be solved in the treatment of metabolic syndrome with stem cell transplantation. But the existing research data have been confirmed, and stem cell transplantation in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome is a promising new approach. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Wnt signaling pathways in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Pan Jing-hua, Huang Hao, Zha Zhen-gang 2013, 17 (40):  7144-7149.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.019 Abstract ( 593 )   PDF (433KB) ( 604 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that Wnt signaling pathways play an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism and regulation of the Wnt signaling pathways, as well as Wnt signaling pathway effects on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based search of PuMed database and CNKI database from September 1998 to March 2013 was performed to search related articles. The key words of “Wnt, mesenchymal stem cells, Wnt signaling pathways, osteoblastic differentiation, canonical wnt signaling pathway, non-canonical signaling pathway” in English or Chinese were used to search the articles in the title and the abstract. A total of 31 articles were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Wnt signaling pathways play a critical role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Canonical Wnt signaling pathway, non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and their mutli-factors were involved in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. The osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells can be promoted effectively via specific induction of Wnt signaling pathways. Wnt11, FZD6, sFRP2, sFRP3 and Ror2 expressions increase, while Wnt9a and FZD7 decreases during the regulation. However, the relations of factors in Wnt signaling pathways and how to use the mechanism of Wnt signaling for promoting mesenchymal stem cells faster, more accurate differentiation need further studies. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Molecular imaging in stem cell therapy Wang Di, Xu Yang, Li Zong-jin 2013, 17 (40):  7150-7155.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.020 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (347KB) ( 605 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cell therapy research has been able to continue to observe the different types of stem cells, but there is still no single imaging mode for a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of stem cell therapy. OBJECTIVE: To review the tracing of cell markers and imaging technology in stem cell therapy and to prospect the clinical application of molecular imaging in stem cell therapy. METHODS: The first author retrieved the PubMed for articles (January 2005 to December 2012) regarding application of molecular imaging in stem cell therapy, cell marking methods and imaging technology, ideal imaging mode for stem cell therapy, and tracing of different stem cells using molecular imaging method. The key words were “molecular imaging, stem cell therapy, cell transplantation, regenerative medicine” in English. Twenty of 269 papers were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the ability to continuously monitor the biological processes of the transplanted stem cells relies on the histological analysis at different times. However, molecular imaging can observe in vivo complex system functions at the molecular, cellular, organ, and whole body level. As the technology improves, the change in the molecular level can be assessed in the context of the living organism. At the same time, a number of methods are available and meeting the demands to track stem cells by molecular imaging. Imaging technology increases the feasibility of stem cell therapy, and contributes to clarify the new biological mechanism during the stem cell therapy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Characteristics of erythrocytes washing with the autologous transfusion system Song Zuo-yan, Yuan Li, Wang Shi-duan 2013, 17 (40):  7156-7162.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.021 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (434KB) ( 677 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous shed blood washing with the autologous transfusion system involving recovery, anticoagulation, centrifugation, concentrating and washing has been widely used in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the characteristics of erythrocytes washing with autologous transfusion system, including recovery rate and hematocrit, the changes of shape, deformability, flow properties and in vivo half-life, oxygen carrying and delivering capacity and erythrocyte immunity and immunereceptor expression. METHODS: The literatures published from January 1987 to January 2013 were retrieved by the first author in Wanfang and PubMed databases. Key words were “blood transfusion, autologus, blood preservation, erythrocytes” in English and Chinese. A total of 200 literatures relating to the erythrocyte characteristics in autologous blood transfusion were found by the computer, 60 of which were retained for further analysis after eliminating repetitive researches. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Because of the mechanical force, such as negative pressure suction, centrifugal separation, and inflammatory mediators, enzymes, activated complements released by various damaged tissues and cells, the collected erythrocytes were damaged to some extent. As a result, the total recovery rate of erythrocytes depended on the recovery rate, storage breakage rate and cleaning loss rate. The oxygen carrying capacity of erythrocytes was not influenced significantly by this procedure, so the recycled erythrocytes had the same oxygen carrying capacity with normal erythrocytes. To some extent, the number of surface receptors and immune function of recycled erythrocytes descended, but they were better than the erythrocytes preserved for 2 weeks. Studies suggested that blood recovery technology should be improved to reduce the functional decline in immune adherence of the recycled erythrocytes. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Complications and risk factors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Guo Zhi, Chen Hui-ren 2013, 17 (40):  7163-7168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.022 Abstract ( 756 )   PDF (404KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: Effective prevention and treatment of complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important factor to improve patient survival. OBJECTIVE: To analyze complications and risk factors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Based on literature search, relevant articles concerning complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were retrieved and analyzed. Here, we analyzed common complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, such as pulmonary complications, fungal sepsis, cytomegalovirus infections, and central nervous system complications. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pulmonary complications with a higher mortality are commonly seen after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The pathogenesis of pulmonary complications may be associated with graft-versus-host disease and cytomegalovirus antigenemia. The main pathogen of fungal sepsis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is Candida, also with a higher mortality. Therefore, second preventive and early empirical antifungal therapy should be performed. Ganciclovir and foscarnet are effective in the treatment of cytomegalovirus infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Incidence of central nervous system complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is relatively low, but the course of treatment cannot be ignored. Complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are associated with multiple risk factors. During the clinical treatment, preventive measures for relevant factors should be taken to reduce the incidence of complications and improve patient survival. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the treatment of diabetic foot using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation Gao Yan-ming, Zhang Lu 2013, 17 (40):  7169-7174.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.023 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (393KB) ( 504 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been confirmed to have excellent effect on the treatment of diabetic foot. OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on diabetic foot ulcers and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. METHODS: Literatures concerning the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on foot diabetic and expression of vascular endothelial stem cells were retrieved. Articles that met the criteria were analyzed in depth. Here, we analyzed the experimental research and clinical application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of diabetic foot. In experimental studies, rat models of diabetic foot ulcers were established and subjected to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to observe wound healing of ulcers and analyze the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. In clinical research, the follow-up was conducted in diabetic foot patients undergoing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation to observe the wound healing of ulcers and adverse reactions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Experimental studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is better than conventional treatment in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, but the healing of diabetic foot ulcers is still slower than that of normal ulcers. After cell transplantation, the expression of vascular endothelial stem cells is elevated but still lower than that in the normal ulcer controls. Clinical studies have shown that for patients with diabetic foot ulcers, the ulcer wound can be healed after bone marrow mesenchymal stem  cell transplantation, as well as there are no cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver and kidney damage and changes in bleeding and coagulation time. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Neural stem cell transplantation and cerebral infarction Li Tong, Liu Chang, Kou Yu-fei, Duan Wei, Luo De-xin 2013, 17 (40):  7175-7180.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.40.024 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (442KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Neural stem cells transplanted into the infarct region can promote the recovery of damaged nerve cells after cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relevant influential factors of neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral infarction. METHODS: In this paper, we analyzed the experimental studies concerning neural stem cell transplantation for cerebral infarction published in recent years based on database search. There were main two aspects for discussing the progress in neural stem cells and cerebral infarction, the Chinese clinical trial registration and basic experimental studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After cerebral infarction, neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation is closely related to the brain microenvironment. Large amount of nerve cell loss can be found in the infarct region. Cytokines can play a role in the neural stem cell transplantation to repair neurological injury after cerebral infarction, and also can induce neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, including epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, nerve growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor. Acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine can promote the proliferation, migration and differentiation neural stem cells in the subependymal zone after cerebral infarction. Neural stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cerebral infarction has yielded progress, but there are still many issues that need to be resolved in the future. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics