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10 September 2010, Volume 14 Issue 37 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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In vitro construction of non-scaffold tissue engineered cartilage using mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton’s jelly of the human umbilical cord Hou Ke-dong, Yuan Mei, Zhang Li, Guo Quan-yi, Peng Jiang, Sui Xiang, Zhao Bin, Liu Shu-yun, Lu Shi-bi 2010, 14 (37):  6841-6846.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.001 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (693KB) ( 468 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autogenous seed cells combined with natural or compositive scaffold are commonly used in construction of tissue engineered cartilage, which face the problems of insufficient seed cells, poor security and biocompatibility, as well as uneven distribution of cells in scaffold. OBJECTIVE: To investigate chondrogenic induction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from Wharton’s jelly of the human umbilical cord and to fabricate non-scaffold tissue engineered cartilage in vitro. METHODS: MSCs were isolated and cultured from Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord, and the phenotypes were detected by flow cytometry. The Wharton’s jelly MSCs were cultured with chondrogenic media and detected with histochemistry and immunohistochemistry assay. Expressions of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), type Ⅱ collagen and Sox-9 were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction (RT-PCR). Non-scaffold tissue engineered cartilage was fabricated in vitro by high density cell number with chondrogenic induction medium, and then succeeded pellet was culture in bioreactor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Wharton’s jelly of human umbilical cord was abundant with stem cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that Wharton’s jelly stem cells expressed CD44, CD105 and CD271 rather than hemopoietic stem cell markers. The cells were positive expressed HLA-ABC, and negative expressed HLA-DPDQDR. The histochemistry and immunohistochemistry showed that Wharton’s jelly MSCs weakly expressed chondrocyte marker, which strongly expressed GAG and type Ⅱ collagen after chondgenic induction. RT-PCR results demonstrated that Wharton’s jelly MSCs and chondrogenic induction cells were both expressed Sox-9 and type Ⅱ collagen. Non-scaffold tissue engineered cartilage block was formed with high density cell number culture and bioreactor chondrogenic induction in vitro. The results revealed that Wharton’s jelly MSCs maybe a new seed cells for fabricating tissue engineered cartilage in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of recombinant adenovirus vector containing mechano-growth factor gene and its expression in rat osteoblasts Qiu Min, Tang Li-ling 2010, 14 (37):  6847-6851.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.002 Abstract ( 269 )   PDF (354KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that mechano-growth factor (MGF) can activate satellite cell and facilitate myoblast proliferation, which play an important role in treating muscle loss, preventing myocardial damage and repairing nerve injury. Mechanical stretch can accelerate MGF expression in osteoblast, however, the influence mechanisms of MGF on physiological and biochemical behavior of bone tissues remain poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: Osteoblasts were transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector containing MGF gene to observe the expression of MGF in osteoblasts. METHODS: The MGF coding sequence was cloned to the pAdtrack -CMVplasmid to construct pAdtrack-MGF. Then pAdtrack-MGF was transformed into E. Coli BJ5183 carrying backbone plasmid already, and in which following co-transformation with the backbone vector pAdEasy-1. The homologous recombinant was transfected into human embryo kidney cells 293A through the lipofectamine to pack the adenovirus. The identified recombinant adenovirus (Ad/MGF) was amplified in 293A cells. The infection efficiency was measured by fluorescent tracer technique, and the results of recombinant adenovirus vector infection were identified by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The title of recombinant adenovirus was 8.5×108 pfu/ mL. Osteoblasts infected by Ad/MGF could over express MGF. When multiplicity of infection was equal to 100, the vector had the best efficacy of infection. The recombinant adenovirus vector containing MGF gene could transfect the rat osteoblasts successfully. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of autologous bone marrow transplantation on fracture healing following recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor intervention Zhang Ai-guo, Cai Jian-ping, Yang Zhang-quan 2010, 14 (37):  6852-6856.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.003 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (479KB) ( 344 )   Save BACKGROUND: It becomes a clinical method using autologous bone marrow transplantation to promote bone union, in which the role of bone mesenchymal stem cells in the local environment had been given consensus. However, how to increase content of mesenchymal stem cells in bone marrow transplantation is still in research. It have been reported that recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) can mobilize peripheral mesenchymal stem cells proliferate rapidly. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of autologous bone marrow transplantation mobilized by rhG-CSF on promoting fracture healing of rabbits with radius fracture. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits replicated to fracture models and were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 14 animals in each group. One hour after operation, subcutaneous injection of rhG-CSF were given to rats in the rhG-CSF, autologous bone marrow and control groups, once per day, for 5 successive days. The appropriate volume of saline solution was injected into rats in the model group. At 5 days after operation, autologous bone marrow were extracted and transplanted into autologous fracture site in the autologous bone marrow group, the appropriate volume of saline solution was injected in the control group. The specimens were taken from the rabbits at postoperative 14 and 28 days and detected by imageology, histology and morphometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The new vessels, bone trabecula formation, scores of 4 callus and thickness of the external callus in the rhG-CSF, autologous bone marrow and control groups were superior to that of the model group, in particular in the autologous bone marrow group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). RhG-CSF intervention can promote fracture healing, and the effect would be better if combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic mRNA expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in different regions of rat femoral nonunion Xu Xiao-feng, Li Yang, Qian Dong, Ma Peng, Liu Xiao-ping, Cui Xue-wen 2010, 14 (37):  6857-6860.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.004 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (1144KB) ( 481 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can promote new born formation, and elevate cure rate of bone nonunion. OBJECTIVE: To observe the dynamic mRNA expression of BMP-2 and VEGF during restoration of rat femoral nonunion. METHODS: SD rats were established femoral nonunion models and randomly divided into 7 groups, rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after model preparation. Wounds of rats in the control group were directly sutured without defects. The mRNA expression of BMP-2 and VEGF were detected using RT-PCT technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mRNA expression of BMP-2 and VEGF at the outer zone of injury were increased after injury, reached a peak at 7 days, and the decreased with time prolonged. However, the mRNA expression of BMP-2 and VEGF at the central zone of injury were delayed expressed and smaller than that of the outer zone. Low and delay expression of BMP-2 and VEGF in the central zone during the early stage may be an important reason for bone nonunion, thus, supplying extrinsic source of BMP-2 and VEGF in early stage may be contribute to the repairing of nonunion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultra-structural evaluation of repairing steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head with pravastatin in rabbits Hu Min, Zhao Hong-bin, Dong Xi-liang, Luo De-jun, Zhou Xu 2010, 14 (37):  6861-6864.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.005 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (335KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that pravastatin can promote the repair of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head (SANFH) via up-regulating expressions of endogenous bone morphogenetic protein 2, core-binding factor α1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. OBJECTIVE: To verify the ultra-structural changes of SANFH animal models after intervened by pravastatin. METHODS: Totally 80 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into a normal control group (n = 18) and experimental group (n = 62). Rabbits in the experimental group were prepared for SANFH models. At 5 weeks after model preparation, 36 rabbits in the model group were assigned into the model and pravastatin groups, with 18 animals in each group. Rabbits in the pravastatin group received intragastric administration with 1.2 mg/kg pravastatin, once per day, and the same volume of distilled water was given to those in the model and control groups. The femoral head specimens were observed under a transmission electron microscope at 8, 12 and 16 weeks after model preparation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Transmission electron microscopy showed that severe degeneration and necrosis could be found in the model group, most of osteocytes disappeared in the lacunae, and there were more fat deposition in the remnant osteocytes. Compared with the model group, the damage of osteocytes in the pravastatin group were slighter, the morphology of cells were normal with few fat deposition. The results demonstrated that pravastatin can effectively restore femoral head necrosis of rabbits of SANFH animal models in the early stage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Distribution and expression of transforming growth factor beta 2 in the ligamentum teres of children with developmental dislocation of the hip Shi Li-wei, Zhao Qun, Zhang Li-jun, Li Lian-yong, Gao Hong 2010, 14 (37):  6865-6868.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.006 Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (385KB) ( 322 )   Save BACKGROUND: Joint laxity in children with developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH) may relate to the component of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) regulates the expression of type Ⅰ collagen and can promote cell growth, division and secrete collagen protein, this is a direction for study of fibrous dysplasia in orthopaedics and tranmatology.   OBJECTIVE: To observe distribution and expression discrepancy of TGF-β2 in the ligamentum teres of children with DDH and normal children, additionally, to investigate the roles of TGF-β2 in hip joint laxity. METHODS: Six children with DDH and six age and gender matched normal children were enrolled. Immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative RT-PCR were used to detect the distribution and mRNA expression of the TGF-β2 in the ligamentum teres.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fibroblasts secreted TGF-β2 was observed in the synovial layer that regularly arranged parallel to the joint surface, and there were few positive-TGF-β2 in the internal fibrous layer of the ligamentum teres. Compared with the normal children, the number of positive fibroblasts was obvious decreased in children with DDH (P < 0.01), and the TGF-β2 expression was decreased at mRNA level (P < 0.01). Accordingly, the decreased and abnormal expression of TGF-β2 in the ligamentum teres probably related to hip joint laxity in children with DDH. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha in tissue engineered skins transplantation Peng Yan, Liu De-wu, Yang Hui, Lan Wei, Zhong Qing-ling 2010, 14 (37):  6869-6872.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.007 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (412KB) ( 378 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) play an important role in allogeneic and xenogeneic skin graft rejection in local immune. The expression of TNF-α and IL-10 is unclear in the process of artificial skin graft in local skin tissue. OBJECTIVE: To construct the artificial skin with epidermal stem cells and acellular dermal and to repair the rabbit full thickness dermal wounds, to observe the effect of wound repair and local skin tissue IL-10 and TNF-α expression. METHODS: The in vitro cultured human epidermal stem cells or keratinocytes were incubated into acellular dermal matrix to construct tissue-engineered artificial skin. New Zealand White rabbits were prepared for back full thickness dermal wounds and randomly divided into 4 groups. Tissue-engineered skin grafts with epidermal stem cells, keratinocytes or acellular dermis were used to repair skin wounds. There was no treatment in the control group. The wound healing, local inflammatory response, and wound healing time were observed. The histomorphology of wound surface and the expressions of TNF-α and IL-10 at 7 days after operation were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the epidermal stem cell group, the local inflammatory response was slightly, without bleeding, empyema or necrosis. The wound healing time was shortened significantly compared with than of the keratinocyte group. There was IL-10 expression in all groups, especially strongest in the epidermal stem cell group, followed by keratinocyte group; the expression was weak in the acellular dermis and control groups. The TNF-α was expressed in all groups, which was strongest in the keratinocyte group, followed by epidermal stem cell group, but weak in the acellular dermis and control groups. The construction of the artificial skin with epidermal stem cells and acellular dermal can be used effectively to promote the repair of skin defect wound treatment. The expression changes of IL-10 and TNF-α in local skin tissue maybe one of its main mechanisms. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of oral health education and periodontal scaling on gingivitis in the young people with fixed orthodontic treatment: A Meta analysis Zhan Yu-xiang, Lei Lei, Chen Yang-ping, An Shu, Wang Jun 2010, 14 (37):  6873-6876.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.008 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (459KB) ( 1009 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the course of orthodontic treatment, it is difficult to clean the teeth because of the stimulation of bonding materials and the rings of teeth, as well as the treatment components, thus, it is often appeared the symptoms of gingivitis, such as inflamed gums and bleeding on probing.  OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of oral health education and regular periodontal scaling on gingivitis in the young people with fixed orthodontic treatment. METHODS: Databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP Chinese periodical database, CBM, Medline (Ovid), and science direct were searched for studies of the relationships between oral health education and periodontal scaling to gingivitis in the young people with fixed orthodontic treatment, which were published in recent two decades. Meta analysis was used to comprehensive quantitatively analyze the probing depth (PD), sulcular bleeding index (SBI), plaque index (PLI) and gingival index (GI) after health-education and regular periodontal scaling in the young people with fixed orthodontic treatment. According to homogeneity test, random effect model was adopted to calculate weighted mean different (WMD) and 95% confidence interval. Revman5.0 was used for data management. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Four studies with 292 patients were included. Homogeneity test showed that PD, SBI, PLI and GI (I2≥50%) were significant heterogeneity, so random effect model was adopted. Result of Meta analysis showed that, the WMD value and 95% confidence interval of the PD, SBI, PLI and GI had significant statistical difference. It suggested that the young people with fixed orthodontic treatment, who take the regular periodontal scaling, can better control the occurrence of gingivitis than simply oral health education. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on transforming growth factor beta 1-induced connective tissue growth factor expression: Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in hepatic stellate cells Yang Jian-bo, Li Xiao-sheng 2010, 14 (37):  6877-6881.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.009 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (410KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that Tetramethylpyrazine can anti-hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting hepatic stellate cells proliferation, blocking the synthesis of type Ⅰ, Ⅲ collagen, as well as down-regulating the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), however, the detail mechanisms remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Tetramethylpyrazine on expression of CTGF and the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signal pathway in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). METHODS: HSCs were cultured in vitro, stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1, 5 μg/L), and then, intervened by Tetramethylpyrazine and P38MAPK specific blocker SB203580. The expressions of CTGF and type Ⅰ collagen mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, TGF-β1-induced CTGF and type Ⅰ collagen gene expressions were obviously increased (P < 0.01). CTGF and type Ⅰ collagen expressions appeared decreased in varying degrees after the intervened by Tetramethylpyrazine and SB203580. But the Tetramethylpyrazine and Tetramethylpyrazine + SB203580 inhibited the expression of type Ⅰ collagen and CTGF mRNA higher than that of SB203580. Tetramethylpyrazine and SB203580 also significantly inhibited the phosphorylation p38MAPK protein expression (P < 0.01). The inhibitory effects were more obviously in the SB203580 and Tetramethylpyrazine + SB203580 groups. However, the differences between the SB203580 group and Tetramethylpyrazine + SB203580 had no significance (P > 0.05). Accordingly, it is supposed that Tetramethylpyrazine inhibits TGF-β1-induced CTGF gene expression, blocks type Ⅰ collagen mRNA synthesis, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The role of anti-fibrosis may be multi-target. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of epidermal growth factor combined with blood glucose control on wound healing in diabetes mellitus rats: Changes of fibroblast growth factor protein and its mRNA expressions Zong Shou-kai, Liang Zi-qian, Ji Xue-liang 2010, 14 (37):  6882-6886.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.010 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (422KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that acute wound can result in down regulation of endogenic recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) and lead to nonunion. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of topical application of rhEGF combined with blood glucose control on the expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on rat scald wound.  METHODS: Wister diabetic rats were prepared for back deep Ⅱ degree scald models. The blood glucose levels of rats in the combination group were controlled to the levels of control group at 1 week before operation and were sprayed of rhEGF within 24 hours of scald. Rats in the rhEGF group only sprayed of rhEGF and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) were controlled in the FBG control group. The treatment in the control group was identical to the combination group. The healing rate of the wound was observed and expression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) protein and mRNA were determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization at 1, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15 and 21 days after operation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of FGF protein and mRNA in all rats were obviously increased in each group after scald, reached a peak at 5-7 and 7-11 days, respectively, in addition, the peak value of the combination and control groups were greater than that of the rhEGF and FBG control group (P < 0.05). The healing rates of the combination and control group were greater than that of the rhEGF and FBG control group at 7-21 days after scald (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that external application of rhEGF combined with blood sugar control can accelerate obviously wound healing in diabetes mellitus rats, which may be related to the high expression of FGF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of stimulus like rolling manipulation on the intracellular calcium concentration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells Ma Hui-sheng, Zhang Hong, Yan Jun-tao, Zhao Qian, Niu Kun　 2010, 14 (37):  6887-6890.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.011 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (430KB) ( 592 )   Save BACKGROUND: More researches of rolling manipulation in traditional Chinese Medicine focused on the macroscopic mechanism of action on soft tissues, joints, nerves, and blood vessels. But reports about its effect on cells such as the calcium ion channels are few. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of rolling manipulation on the intracellular calcium concentration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). METHODS: The normal and hypoxic HUVEC were divided into the control, massage therapy, massage + verapamil group. The control group had no interference. Cells in the massage therapy group were marked with Fluo-3/AM, and then were stimulated with 0.4 kg in pressure, 120 times per minutes in frequency, and maintained for 1 minute. The massage + verapamil group cells were marked with Fluo-3/AM, and the final concentration of 10-5 mol/L of the verapamil were added in their culture fluid. They were stimulated as the massage therapy group cells. Each group cells were observed and measured the fluorescence intensity by the confocal laser scanning microscope before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both stimulus like rolling manipulation and hypoxic environment could increase the intracellular calcium ion concentration, but they can be prevented by verapamil. Accordingly, it is presume that the mechanism of action of rolling manipulation is activating Ca 2+ channels, causing Ca 2+ internal flow and then increasing the intracellular Ca 2+ , which primings its therapeutic effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of compound tea polyphenol ointment on wound healing and epidermal growth factor expression of radiation-induced cervical skin dermatitis in rats Xue Li, Feng Zhi-ming, Yi Yin-sha, Yan Zheng-li, Li Xu-hong　 2010, 14 (37):  6891-6894.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.012 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (293KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies demonstrated that compound tea polyphenol ointment promotes wound healing in radiation-induced cervical skin dermatitis, but the precise mechanisms remain poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of compound tea polyphenol ointment on wound healing rate and epidermal growth factor (EGF) expression of radiation-induced dermatitis in rats. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Rats in the experimental and control groups were established 60Coγ radiation-induced dermatitis models and treated by compound tea polyphenol ointment or Vaseline, respectively. In the simple wound group, 1.5-cm2 skin of rats were removed and treated by routine nursing care. The EGF expression in wound tissue was analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and the wound healing rate and wound healing time was also measured at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after radiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The EGF expressions of wound skin tissues in the experiment and control groups were higher than that of the simple wound group at 5 days after radiation, which revealed that the radiodermatitis was different from simple wound and healed slowly. Compared with the control group, the EGF expression of wound skin tissues in the experiment group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the wound healing rate was significantly greater at 10 and 20 days after radiation(P < 0.05). The wound healing time of the experiment groups was significantly shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.05). But the wound healing time of the experiment and control groups was longer that that of the simple wound group (P < 0.05). Compound tea polyphenol ointment can significantly promote the wound healing of radiation-induced dermatitis in rats, which may be related to accelerating the EGF expression of wound skin tissues. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in rat focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion region following ischemic preconditioning Guo Cui-ping, Wang Xiao-yue, Ma Ru-jing, Xue Hong-lian, Li Ya-jun 2010, 14 (37):  6895-6898.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.013 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (350KB) ( 423 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cerebral ischemic preconditioning (IPC) can increase basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression, which may induce brain ischemic tolerance. Injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) into cerebral ischemia/reperfusion region can play neuroprotective effect. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of focal ischemic preconditioning on VEGF and bFGF expression in rat with cerebral ischemia reperfusion. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and ischemic preconditioning model rats were established by thread ligation. The IPC group received IPC at 3 days and 2 hours of MCAO and rats were killed after 22 hours reperfusion; model group did not receive IPC; the control group received sham surgery two times. Nerve cell changes in the 3 groups were observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of VEGF and bFGF protein was determined by avidin biotin-peroxidase complex method. Neurologic score and cerebral cortex changes and immunohistochemistry of VEGF and bFGF were compared in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit scores of the IPC group were obviously smaller (P < 0.01), the ischemia area and degree were lessened, but the expression of VEGF and bFGF were evidently increased (P < 0.05). Focal cerebral ischemic preconditioning can induce ischemic neuroprotective effect and its mechanism may be related with the expression of VEGF and bFGF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and evaluation of SD rat exercise training models under different work intensities Zhou Wei, Chen Li-jun, Zhang Min, Jin Qiu-yue, Yao Li 2010, 14 (37):  6899-6903.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.014 Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (301KB) ( 413 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, studies of energy metabolism changes in movement training focus on skeletal muscle mitocheondrial biogenesis, oxygen free radicals and other indexes. But studies regarding physical mechanisms of energy metabolism under different work intensities are few. OBJECTIVE: To observe the energy metabolism changes of the SD rats via constructing motion models of aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise and aerobic and anaerobic cross-training. METHODS: Using treadmill running to establish the motion models. The aerobic exercise group was constructed by incremental exercise, and the anaerobic exercise group treated with high-speed interval training. Meanwhile, the normal control group was established. The body weights were weighted before and after exercise. The content of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, urea nitrogen, creatinekinase, pyruvatedehydrogenase (PK) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) in rat serum were determined after exercise.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that. Weight loss of rats in the anaerobic exercise group was markedly decreased (P < 0.05) and the content of lactate increased (P < 0.05). Content of SDH in rat serum from the anaerobic exercise group was smaller than that in the aerobic exercise group (P < 0.05). Serum lactate dehydrogenase of anaerobic exercise group and crossing-training group were also increased (P < 0.05). The contents of serum urea nitrogen in three exercise groups were extremely higher than that in the normal control group (P < 0.001). Serum creatinekinase and creatinine in the crossing-training group were significantly higher compared with other three groups (P < 0.01). The level of PK in rat serum from crossing-training group was also higher than that in the other groups (P < 0.05). The metabolic levels of rats in three exercise groups were consistent with the evaluation of aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, aerobic and anaerobic crossing-training metabolisms. Thus, the exercise training models were successfully constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Constructing a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by puncture and aspiration through a posterolateral approach Chen Guo-xian, Wang Wan-ming, Lin Zong-jin, Li Guo-shan, Zeng Qing-dong, Lin Zhi-jun, Liu Hang-tao 2010, 14 (37):  6904-6907.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.015 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (338KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pathophysiology mechanism involved in disc degeneration remains poorly understood, thus, construction of an animal model that similar to natural intervertebral disc degeneration is benefit for the study of pathological and physiological changes of disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model similar to simulate human discectomy intervertebral disc degeneration induced by puncture and aspiration, and to analyze its feasibility and advantage. METHODS: A total of 20 Japanese white rabbits were randomly selected, according to anatomical observations, in order to prevent puncture injuries posterolateral annular vessel, the right posterior lateral approach was used, parts of nucleus pulposus of the line L 1-2 and L 3-4 disc was removed by puncturing the posterior lateral nucleus liposuction, and the L 2-3 intervertebral disc was served as the control group. X-ray and MRI imaging observation were performed on the disc intervertebral disc (L 2-3) line at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All of 20 rabbits were involved in the result analysis. The intervertebral disc height index of the experimental group continued to decline at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation (P < 0.05), it illustrated that the height of intervertebral disc would be gradually reduced after modeling, and the disc height index was significantly lower than the control group at each time point (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, MRI T2WI signal of the experimental group disc gradually decreased at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, and gradually decreased with time prolonged, which showed a low signal change. The imaging observation demonstrated that lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration of animal model exhibited a similar tendency to humans, suggesting that a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration induced by puncture and aspiration through a posterolateral approach was successfully established, which provides an effective animal model for the repair and reconstruction using tissue-engineered intervertebral disc degeneration study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of recombinant retroviral expression vector containing enhanced green fluorescent protein report gene pLXSN-Kozak-EGFP Yang Tian-yan, Wang Nai-ping, Wang Jin, Liu Guan-da, Wei Jin-bin 2010, 14 (37):  6908-6912.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.016 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (564KB) ( 511 )   Save BACKGROUND: Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) can express photoprotein in vital cells as a report gene. Kozak consensus sequences at translation initiation site should increase the translation efficiency in eukaryotic cells. OBJECTIVE: To construct the recombinant retroviral expression vector which contains report gene EGFP and Kozak consensus sequences increasing the translation efficiency in eukaryotic cells, and to identify this recombinant vector. METHODS: EGFP gene was high-fidelity cloned from expression vector pEGFP-N1 containing EGFP report gene using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Target gene was inserted to retroviral expression vector pLXSN with molecular cloning techniques. Positive recombinants were screened via colonial rapid PCR. The primers were designed through insertion site in vector in order to identify the insert direction of target gene, and PCR and restrictive enzymes digestion was used to identify its correction. Furthermore, DNA sequences of pLXSN-Kozak-EGFP were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The EGFP gene with Kozak consensus sequences at its upper flank was cloned, with length of 750 bp. Recombinant pLXSN-Kozak-EGFP was screened by colonial rapid PCR, gained the specific product about 750 bp. Recombinant plasmid pLXSN-Kozak-EGFP was identified with PCR individually, gained the specific product about 750 bp; and insert direction was identified with PCR, gained the specific product about 350 bp. Restrictive enzymes double digested the recombinant plasmid, obtained the specific products about 750 bp and 6 000 bp. Sequences alignment indicates 100% identity between target DNA and Kozak-EGFP. The results indicate that the retroviral expression vector pLXSN-Kozak-EGFP containing EGFP report gene and Kozak sequences has been constructed successfully in this experiment, and target gene insert direction is correct. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hematopoietic function of model rats under intermittent hypoxic training and exercise Ru Tie-lin, Hao Xuan-ming 2010, 14 (37):  6913-6916.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.017 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (321KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that hypoxic training can promote aerobic capacity by improving hematological indexes, but the effects of different intermittent hypoxic training models on hematological indexes are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intermittent hypoxic training on hematopoietic function in rats. METHODS: A total of 96 SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: intermittent hypoxic training group, swimming group, intermittent hypoxic training + swimming group, and control group. Intermittent hypoxic training group and swimming group underwent intermittent hypoxic training and swimming training respectively; intermittent hypoxic training and swimming training were carried out simultaneously in intermittent hypoxic training +swimming group; control group underwent freely moving and feeding. All groups underwent formal training for 4 weeks. Twenty-four hours after 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- week formal training, blood sample from tail vein was collected to detect hemoglobin, red blood corpuscle, and hematocrit levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4-week training, three types of intervention models have different effects on routine blood indexes; however, hemoglobin, red blood corpuscle, and hematocrit levels changed most significantly in intermittent hypoxic training + swimming group. It is indicated that intermittent hypoxic training and exercise are superior to intermittent hypoxic training or exercise training in case of improving hematopoietic function of rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a Alzheimer’s disease rat model intervened by beta-amyloid protein 1-40 and aluminum chloride Liu Zhi-an, Zhao Wei-wei, Ma Kai, Lü Chun-e, Xu Tie-jun 2010, 14 (37):  6917-6921.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.018 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (413KB) ( 592 )   Save BACKGROUND: The existed Alzheimer's disease (AD) animal models have certain limitations. OBJECTIVE: To establish an ideal and practical AD rat model intervened by β-amyloid protein-40 (Aβ1-40) and AlCl3. METHODS: Healthy male aged Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into AD model group, saline group and normal control group after Morris water maze training and screening. Rat AD models were established by one-time unilateral intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40 and continuous intraperitoneal injection of AlCl3 every other day for 4 weeks. The behavioral changes of model rats were detected by Morris water maze test and step-down test. The hippocampal amyloid deposition and pathology changes of rats were determined by Congo red and hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the normal control group and saline group, the water maze test escape latency of model group rats was significantly longer (P < 0.05). The reaction time, basal number of errors, and number of errors of step-down test were increased significantly (P < 0.05). The latency period of step-down test was shortened significantly (P < 0.05). The amyloid substance deposition, as well as the obvious damage changes in morphology and reduction of cells number could be seen in hippocampus of model group rats. These results suggest that an ideal and practical AD rat model can be successfully established with Aβ1-40 and AlCl3. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of a recombinant adenovirus vector containing human heat shock protein 70 gene   Han Shi-wei, Zhang Zhong-tao, Wang Yu 2010, 14 (37):  6922-6926.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.019 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (566KB) ( 513 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adenovirus vectors have been widely used as a low high effectiveness and low toxicity gene vector, however, little is known about a recombinant adenovirus vector containing human heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene. OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector containing human Hsp70 gene and to express the gene efficiently in eukaryotic cells. METHODS: The recombinant adenovirus vector carrying Hsp70 gene was constructed with AdMax system and then transferred human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells to produce recombinant adenovirus. The exogenous gene expression was detected by Western blot and the viral titer was tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The significant cytopathic effects were observed in transfected HEK293 cells, and then the recombinant virus was harvested and purified. The expression of green fluorescence protein could be observed by fluorescence microscope and the expression of Hsp70 could be detected by Western blot. The viral titer was 1×1011 efu/mL. Recombinant adenovirus vector was constructed successfully and packed in HEK293 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of psoralen on osteoporogeterin and receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand mRNA expression in rat osteoblasts Wang Jian-hua, Guo Min, Zheng Li, Wang Zhong 2010, 14 (37):  6927-6930.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.020 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (524KB) ( 661 )   Save BACKGROUND: Psoralen has effects on stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of cultured osteoblasts in vitro, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of psoralen on the expression of osteoprotein (OPG) and receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts. METHODS: Calvariae were obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats (within 24 hours after birth), bone samples were processed by collagenase/trypsin digestion, and the 3rd passage of osteoblasts were cultured by 1×10-7 mol/L psoralen or 1×10-7 mol/L estradiol. Cells in the control group were cultured normally. At 72 hours after culture, total mRNA was prepared from osteoblasts, and mRNA expression of OPG and RANKL were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA in the psoralen and estradiol groups were obviously increased (P < 0.05), but the expression of RANKL mRNA were notably decreased (P < 0.05). The expression of OPG mRNA in the psoralen group was weaken than that of the estradiol group (P < 0.05), and the OPG/RANKL ratio was decreased in the psoralen group. Psoralen can prevent osteoporosis via increasing OPG expression and inhabiting RANKL level to suppress the osteoclasts differentiation and maturity, thus inhabiting bone resorption, but the effect is smaller than estradiol. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of artesunate on synovial fluid and serum expressions of interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rabbits with adjuvant arthritis Mo Han-you, Shi Yu-hong, Yang Min, Wang Li-fang 2010, 14 (37):  6931-6934.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.021 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (336KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been proved that rheumatoid can be cured by artesunate. But the specific mechanism remains poorly understood.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of artesunate on the level of interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rabbit with adjuvant arthritis. METHODS: The rabbits were prepared for adjuvant arthritis models. From the first day after model preparation, rabbits in the artesunate group were drenched with artesunate (20 mg/kg per day) for 7 days. Hydroxychlorquine group were infused with hydroxychlorquine (5 mg/kg per day) for 7 days. Model control group was infused with normal saline (3 mL/kg per day) for 7 days. Additional 10 normal rabbits served as controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect synovial fluid and serum level of IL-17 and TNF-α at the end of model preparation and 5 weeks after medication. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with model rats, the serum and synovial fluid levels of IL-17 and TNF-α in the artesunate group and hydroxychlorquine group were obviously decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), especially in the Artesunate group, which was greater than that of the hydroxychlorquine group (P < 0.05). The results revealed that artesunate can down-regulate the serum and synovial fluid level of IL-17 and TNF-α of adjuvant arthritis. Artesunate has better effect than hydroxychlorquine on treatment of inflammation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of tea polyphenols on skeletal muscle oxidative injury in acute exhausted rats Liu Xia 2010, 14 (37):  6935-6937.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.022 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (289KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: Plenty of free radicals were produced by skeletal muscle after acute exercise, which disturbs the balance between oxidizing agent and antioxidant, leads to skeletal muscle fatigue, muscle dysfunction and damage, eventually decreases the motor ability. Tea polyphenols is a polyphenolic compound extracted from tea and has strong antioxidative activities, which is a natural antioxidant with highly effective and low toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To intervene the motility damage on skeletal muscle tissue, and to observe the protective effect of tea polyphenols on oxidative injure. METHODS: Thirty health male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control, exercise and tea polyphenols groups. At 1 week after adding tea polyphenols in the tea polyphenols group, rats were prepared for acute exhausted exercise models by exhaustive swimming. The exhaustive duration was recorded, and the levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), super oxide dimutese (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) in skeletal muscle after immediately acute exhausted exercise were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exhaustive exercise could step up the content of MDA, and significantly decrease SOD, GSH-Px and TAC in rats’ skeletal muscle tissues. While tea polyphenols could decrease MDA levels, increase the SOD, GSH-Px and TAC levels and prolong exhaustive duration of rats. Accordingly, after exhaustive exercise, skeletal muscle tissues were injured by free radicals’ attack. Tea polyphenols can prevent oxdiative damage and improve the ability of exercise. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacokinetic features of Danshensu in rat main tissues Zhou Lu-yi, Lu Cheng-yu 2010, 14 (37):  6938-6942.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.023 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (397KB) ( 419 )   Save BACKGROUND: The in vivo pharmacokinetic features of Danshensu have been reported, but there are few studies concerning the distribution of Danshensu in rat main tissues. OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution and pharmacokinetics of Danshensu in rat main tissues following intravenous injection of compound Danshen solution. METHODS: Liquid-liquid extraction was used to deal with the serum and main tissues (kidney, spleen, heart, liver, lung, abdomen and back skins, as well as bone tissues). The conditions for HPLC were: 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid served as the internal standard, the CH3OH-1%CH3COOH (8:92) served as mobile phase, and detection wavelength was 280 nm.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Except the brains, Danshensu could find in the rat serum and the main tissues after intravenous injection of compound Danshen solution. The column of serum concentration-time and tissues concentration-time was drew using the established methods. The results demonstrated that except the brains, Danshensu could distribute rapidly in main tissues after intravenous injection of compound Danshen solution, and the pharmacokinetics fitted to two-compartment model. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of piperine and its derivates on myocardial cells Wang Dong-xiao, Liu Ping, Liao Hong-bo, Mu Li-hua, Ma Xiao-fei 2010, 14 (37):  6943-6946.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.024 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (318KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: Piperine is the lead compound of Rhodobryum roseum Limp that have protective effect on heart. Simultaneously, the chemical constitution of piperine is relative simple, which can provide a foundation for the further study of anti-myocardial ischemia.    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of piperine and its seven derivates on cardiocytes injured by isoproterenol or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).  METHODS: Injured cardiocyte model was induced by isoproterenol and H2O2. And then the influence of piperine and its seven derivates on injured cardiocytes was detected by MTT.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 7×10-8 mol/L piperine, 7×10-8 , 7×10-7 mol/L methyl piperate, 7×10-8, 7×10-7 , 7×10-6 mol/L 5-(3, 4-methylenedioxy phenyl)-2E, 4E-pentadienoic acid pyrrolidine amide and 7×10-8, 7×10-7, 7×10-6 mol/L 5-(3, 4- methylenedioxy phenyl)-2E, 4E-pentadienoic acid diethyl amide could significantly increased the survival of cardiocytes in the isoproterenol model group (P < 0.05), but there was no dose-dependent manner. And the survival of cardiocytes was also significantly higher in the H2O2 model group under the effect of 7×10-8mol/L piperine, 7×10-8, 7×10-7 mol/L 5-(3, 4-methylenedioxy phenyl)-2E, 4E-pentadienoic acid pyrrolidine amide and 7×10-8, 7×10-7 mol/L 5-(3.4-methylenedioxy phenyl)-2E, 4E-pentadienoic acid diethyl amide. In a word, piperine and its derivates could protect the primary cultured cardiocytes from isoproterenol damage and H2O2 damage. 5-(3, 4-methylenedioxy phenyl)-2E, 4E-pentadienoic acid pyrrolidine amide and 5-(3, 4-methylenedioxy phenyl)-2E, 4E-pentadienoic acid diethyl amide showed better protective effect than piperine. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of drynaria fortunei total flavonoid versus naringin on bone healing in rat femoral shaft bone defect models Zhang Di, Jia Zhi-jie, Tian Yong-li, Xu Zhi-yu 2010, 14 (37):  6947-6950.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.025 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (319KB) ( 725 )   Save BACKGROUND: Drynaria fortunei can enhance osteoblast activity, elevate bone mineral density, and maintain bone microarchitecture. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different compositions of drynaria fortunei on bone healing. METHODS: Totally 30 male Wistar rats were established for femoral shaft defect models and treated by intragastric administration of drynaria fortune extraction and hesperidin (20 g/kg). The bone healing and hemorheology indexes were detected at 21 days after treatment.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The different compositions of drynaria fortunei were all beneficial to the bone healing, especially total flavonoid, which showed better results than naringin and hesperidin (P < 0.05). The drynaria fortunei total flavonoid could inhibit effectively the blood viscosity of the rats in speed of lower shearing, and repress notably the index number of aggregation of the red cells. In addition, it also could suppress notably platelet aggregation, and reduce platelet adhesion. The findings demonstrated that, drynaria fortune, especially total flavonoid, can be propitious to the bone healing, which has function to the hemorheology of rats. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of plasma containing zhuanggu zhentong capsules on the transcription of rac-1, PI3-K and pseudopodia of breast cancer cell lines in vitro Liu Jing-hong, Cao Jian-xiong, He Ying-chun, Tian Dao-fa, Lu Fang-guo, Zhuo Yao 2010, 14 (37):  6951-6954.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.026 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (502KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that zhuanggu zhentong capsules (ZZC) can significantly inhibit the migrations and proliferations of breast cancer cell lines in vitro. OBJECTIVE: Based on the previous experiment, to study the effects of ZZC on the transcriptions of rac-1 and PI3-K and pseudopodia of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 in vitro. METHODS: SD rats were drenched 3-fold doses ZZC for 7 successively days, and then rat blood plasma were obtained to culture MDA-MB-231 cells for 24 hours, after that, the effects of drug blood plasma on pseudopodia of MDA-MB-231 cells and transcription of migrating relative genes rac-1 and PI3-K were observed under a scanning electronic microscope and Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The transcriptions of rac-1 and PI3-K genes and the development of pseudopodia of MDA-MB-231 cells were obviously inhibited when treated with the ZZC contained plasma at 5% and 1.25% concentration (P < 0.05). ZZC contained plasma at 0.63% concentration had no obvious inhibition on the transcriptions of rac-1 gene and the development of pseudopodia, but it obviously inhibited the transcriptions of PI3-K gene of MDA-MB-231 cells. It supposed that the inhibitive effects of ZZC contained plasma on MDA-MB-231 cells migrations in dose-dependent manner may be related to its inhibiting effects on the transcriptions of rac-1 and PI3-K genes and the development of pseudopodia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Whether estrogen affects the expression of interleukin-20 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in lumbar nucleus gelatinosus of ovariectomized rabbits? Bai Xiao-liang, Chen Liang, Chen Chun-mao 2010, 14 (37):  6955-6958.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.027 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (357KB) ( 458 )   Save BACKGROUND: Estrogen deficiency can result in a series of physical or chemical changes in intervertebral disc. Studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) can degrade proteoglycan poly and ground substance of intervertebral disc. Interleukin-20 (IL-20) also plays an important part in intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of estrogen on IL-20 and MMP-3 expression in lumbar nucleus gelatinosus of ovariectomized rabbits. METHODS: New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the normal control, model, low-dose estrogen and high-dose estrogen groups. All rabbits were prepared for ovariectomized models except that of the normal control group. Sodium chloride  (2 mL), estradiol benzoate (0.2 mg or 1 mg) were intramuscular injected into animals in the normal control, low- and high-dose estrogen groups every other day, respectively. The lumbar nucleus was harvested at 3 months after operation. The expression of IL-20 and MMP-3 was tested by hematoxylin-eosin staining, immumohistochemistry and Western-blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell density and notochord cells were obviously decreased in the model group, with agglomerate notochord-like cells. There were no marked changes in the other groups. The immumohistochemistry results demonstrated that, the positive expression of IL-20 and MMP-3 in the model group was greater that of the normal control and high-dose estrogen group (P < 0.05). Western-blot exhibited similar results as immumohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that intramuscular injection of estrogen can decrease expression of IL-20 and MMP-3 in degenerated lumbar nucleus, thereby, prevent degradation of nucleus pulposus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of estrogen level and bone mineral density in female rats during long-term low and medium intensity swimming movements Ruan Cai-lian, Ruan Hong-bin, Ai Ning 2010, 14 (37):  6959-6962.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.028 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (351KB) ( 399 )   Save BACKGROUND: Researches have showed that long term aerobic exercises can lead to component changes of female estrogen and bone mineral density, and the mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of long-term low and medium intensity swimming movements on estrogen level and bone mineral density of female SD rats. METHODS: Forty SD rats were randomly divided into swimming group Ⅰ, group Ⅱ and control group. The two swimming groups began to swim in a graded exercise testing mode from the first week. The swimming movements lasted for 4 weeks and 7 weeks respectively for group Ⅰand group Ⅱ. No exercises were performed in the control group. After 1-hour swimming every time, the number and form of desquamated vagina cells in both groups were dynamically observed under electron microscope.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the number of cells at the bottom of the rats’ vagina of group Ⅱ increased week by week, and reached the peak at the seventh week (P < 0.01). Serum estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels of groupⅡ obviously increased (P < 0.01). Bone mineral densities of the lumbar vertebra and femur in group Ⅰwere higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05), but lower than those in group Ⅱ (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The results indicated that long-term low and medium intensity swimming movements can promote the bone mineral density and estrogen level of female rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exercise training at different work intensities on the activity of Na+ , K+ -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATP in rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Zhang Min, Chen Li-jun, Shi Na, Zhou Wei 2010, 14 (37):  6963-6966.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.029 Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (293KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: Na+ , K+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase play an important role in substances transportation, energy conversion and information transfer. The sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a key role in muscle excitation contraction coupling, which closely relates to exercise-induced muscular fatigue. OBJECTIVE: To establish SD rat models of aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise, and to observe the effects of exercise training at different work intensities on the activity of Na+, K+ -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. METHODS: According to BEDFORD TG standards, motion models were established using treadmill running with different work intensities. The aerobic exercise group applied incremental exercise, the anaerobic exercise group treated with high-speed interval training, and rats in control group lived in the cages quietly. All the animals were killed immediately when the exercise training completed. Then the skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum were isolated by ultracentrifugation to measure their Na+ , K+ -ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase activities.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The activity of Na+, K+ -ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase increased significantly after 4 weeks’ training (P < 0.05). By 6 weeks’ training, Na+ , K+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase’s activity were increased only in the anaerobic exercise group (P < 0.05), which were decreased in the anaerobic exercise group (P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrated that, aerobic exercise can protect the activity of Na+ , K+-ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, but it needs some time to adapt. Related Articles | Metrics

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Myosin Ⅱ motor activity and actin filament cooperatively regulate cytokinesis of mammalian cells Yang Fang, An Mei-wen, Li Xiao-na, Wang Li 2010, 14 (37):  6967-6971.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.030 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cytokinesis of animal cells experiences a series change of cytoskeleton. The interaction of skeleton protein plays a vital role on cytokinesis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of cytoskeleton inhibitor on cytokinesis. METHODS: Normal rat kidney cells in cytokinesis were treated separately with cytoskeleton inhibitors including cytochalasin D (CD), colchicine (COLC) or blebbistatin (myosin Ⅱ motor activity inhibitor). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was showed that the roles of cytoskeleton inhibitors to cytokinesis were not superimposed, for different treatment of inhibitors corresponding to different results. Whole region treatment with cytochalasin D and blebbistatin could not cause a fierce inhibition of cytokinesis. While cells which treated with cytochalasin D or treated with CD in the pole region of daughter cells in presence of blebbistatin showed an effective inhibition of cytokinesis. The study indicated that the interaction in actin and the activity of myosin Ⅱ motor is vital to cell shape and operation in every stage of cytokinesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of aerobic exercise on the activity of mitochondrial Na+ , K+ -ATPase, Ca 2+ -ATPase and mitochondrial swelling Cao Ying, Zhang Min, Dong Jia-liang, Guo Yan-qing, Zhao Xiao-li, Wang Li-yan, Chen Li-jun, Kang Ying-zi 2010, 14 (37):  6971-6974.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.031 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (297KB) ( 398 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that aerobic exercise can improve mitochondrial function. However, the effect features of aerobic exercise with different periods on bodies remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise with different periods on the activity of mitochondrial Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, as well as mitochondrial swelling. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly separated into four groups, namely, control, 2-week, 4-week and 6-week aerobic exercise groups. The control mice had not undergone treadmill running. The other 3 groups carried on the corresponding period of exercise in the way of treadmill running, and the aerobic exercise mode was designed by referencing Bedford TG standard. Then the skeletal muscle mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation to measure their Na+ , K+-ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase activities, as well as the extent of mitochondrial swelling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences between the control group and 2-week aerobic exercise group. However, with the exercise prolonged, the Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca 2+-ATPase activities increased (P < 0.05) and the extent of the mitochondrial swelling decreased (P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrate that, aerobic exercise can protect the activity of mitochondrial Na+ , K+-ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase and increase the function of mitochondria. But it needs some time to adapt. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exercise therapy following repair of tendon rupture: Histological and biomechanical evaluation Feng Xiang-yu, Lin Zhi-feng, Xiao Zhi-lin, Shen Jing-hui, Luo Huan-ming 2010, 14 (37):  6975-6978.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.032 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (333KB) ( 553 )   Save BACKGROUND: Open rupture of Achilles tendon after repair operation needs a long time to recovery, with many complications, and the functional recovery is unsatisfactory. There is not a systematic, scientific, simple, and easy exercise therapy for rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of exercise therapy on the morphology and mechanical properties of Achilles tendon after repair. METHODS: Totally 48 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into braking group and exercise group. Rabbits were established tendon injury models by cutting the Achilles tendon at 2.0 cm insertional Achilles tendon. The tendon tissues were sutured with suture line. Braking group used the traditional plaster bandages bit long legs pedal the gravity cast fixation, while exercise group uses no fixation. Samples were taken from the Achilles tendon at 7, 14 and 21 days after operation, the tendon adhesion and the maximum fracture stress were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Tendon adhesion was more obvious in the braking group than that of the exercise group (P < 0.05). The maximum fracture stress of the exercise group was significantly higher than that of the braking group (P < 0. 05). Results show that, in the process of tendon healing, the early dynamic stress stimulation can promote tissue healing and reduce complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of low-energy extracorporeal shock wave on myocardial matrix metalloproteinase system and ischemic myocardial capillary density after acute myocardial infarction Tao Si-ming, Guo Tao, Wang Yu, Cai Hong-yan, Yang Chao 2010, 14 (37):  6979-6984.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.033 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1431KB) ( 504 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that extracorporeal shock wave therapy can significantly improve ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an emerging treatment for angiogenesis. Matrix metalloproteinase system and its inhibitors are important regulatory factors in the process of ventricular remodeling. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy on matrix metalloproteinase system after acute myocardial infarction in pigs. METHODS: A total of 25 domestic pigs were used in this study. All pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups: cardiac shock wave therapy group, control group, and sham-operation group. Pig models of acute myocardial infarction were established in cardiac shock wave therapy and control groups. After the success of modeling, low-energy extracorporeal shock wave treatment (0.09 mJ/mm2, each point of healing 200 hit, a total of 9 points) was performed three times in the shock wave therapy group. After one month, left ventricular angiography evaluation was done based on left ventricular remodeling situation. The control group was given the same operation without shock and energy after the success of modeling. Sham- operation group underwent the same shock wave therapy as the control group without modeling. Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1mRNA in the border zone of myocardial infarction were detected by RT-PCR method, and ischemic myocardial capillary density was detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in regional myocardial tissues increased in the cardiac shock wave therapy group (P < 0.05), which promoted the proliferation of new capillaries in regional myocardial tissues. Matrix metalloproteinase 1mRNA expression reduced (P < 0.05), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1mRNA expression increased (P < 0.05). The left ventricular angiography showed an improvement in ventricular remodeling index, and the ischemic myocardial capillary density in the cardiac shock wave therapy increased (P < 0.05). The results showed that extracorporeal cardiac shock wave therapy could effectively induce angiogenesis, up-regulate the expression of angiogenic factor, and reconstruct regional myocardial microcirculation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bim and caspase-3 during hyperthermia-induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis of neonate rats Huang Xiao, Bao Xiao-ming, Wang Yao-sheng, Li Ju-xiang, Hong Kui, Cheng Xiao-shu 2010, 14 (37):  6985-6988.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.034 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (364KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: In China, the occurrence rule, mechanisms and prevention measures of diseases under extreme weather are few reported, and which only focused on pathophysiological manifestation rather than molecular mechanism level.  OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of pro-apoptotic protein Bim and caspase-3 in hyperthermia-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.  METHODS: Cardiomyocytes of Sprague Dawley rats with 1-3 days were exposed to hyperthermia (42 ℃, 60 min) environment. The degree of cell damage was observed at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after recovery. The beating rate and rhythm of myocardial cells were detected by inverted microscope. The cell viability was determined by AnnexinV-FITC/PI. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase was determined by automatic biochemistry analyzer. In addition, the expression of Bim and caspase-3 protein was tested by Western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The beating rate of myocardial cells was slightly increased at immediately after recovery, gradually decreased with time prolonged, and the cell viability was decreased (P < 0.05); the activity of lactate dehydrogenase was increased (P < 0.05). The pro-apoptotic protein Bim was increased at 8 hours (P < 0.05). The expression of caspase-3 was obviously increased at immediately after recovery (P < 0.05). Therefore, hyperthermia induces myocardial cells damage with apoptosis as main types. The pro-apoptotic protein Bim and caspase-3 may play an important role in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hyperthermia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Defects and repair of articular cartilage Zou A-peng, Song Zhen, Lan Zhong-yu, Bai Xi-zhuang 2010, 14 (37):  6991-6994.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.036 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (330KB) ( 583 )   Save BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage has a poor intrinsic capacity for healing, once damaged from trauma or degeneration, it is hard to repair. OBJECTIVE: To concisely describe the common current treatment of articular cartilage defects and the future trend. METHODS: A search across the databases of PubMed (January 1995 to June 2010) was performed, with key words of “articular cartilage, cartilage defects, treatment”. The language was limited for English.The repetitive studies or unrelated to papers the objective were excluded. A total of 32 papers were included in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Microfracture, autologous osteochondral transplantation, osteochondral allograft transplantation, and autologous chondrocyte implantation were common used for repairing articular cartilage defects. Usually, these strategies could relieve clinical symptoms effectively, but there are problems need to be solved. Compared with those techniques, cartilage tissue engineering is a new strategy for cartilage repair emerging in recent years, and many studies about it are still ongoing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of physical flexibility and muscle strength: Application of proprioceptive neurmuscular facilitation in sport field Zhang Bao-guo, Wang Xiao-di 2010, 14 (37):  6995-6998.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.037 Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (269KB) ( 614 )   Save BACKGROUND: Proprioceptive neurmuscular facilitation (PNF) has been used widely in the field of rehabilitation medicine, which has popularity in sports field. OBJECTIVE: To fully understand the effect of the PNF stretching on the physical flexibility and muscle strength, in order to apply better in the field of sports. METHODS: Electronic search was used to search reviews and reports concerning the PNF stretching collected by CNKI series databases and PubMed database from 1979 to 2009, and the effects of PNF on physical flexibility and muscle strength was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 43 literatures were included in the analysis. Currently, consistent view of PNF stretching on physical flexibility had obtained, namely, PNF can significantly improve the body’s flexibility both of normal and injured patients. However, there were different views on the effect of PNF stretching to muscle strength. Most studies support an increase in the maximal strength and muscular endurance, and increase muscle exercise capacity, but some studies were found no effect or decreased slightly. It is still not comprehensive and in-depth on the application and mechanism of PNF stretching to muscle strength and may have broad prospects on the micro-depth study of muscle fibers. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and application of a transgenic rabbit model with atherosclerosis Wang Zhong-dong 2010, 14 (37):  6999-7003.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.038 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (812KB) ( 474 )   Save BACKGROUND: Rabbit model has been widely used in the research of human cardiovascular disease, particularly the transgenic rabbit, has become a novel model in human atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the preparation and application of transgenic rabbit model in studying human atherosclerosis. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed for English language publications containing the key words of “rabbit, transgenic, atherosclerosis” from January 1990 to January 2010. Relevant articles were also searched from CNKI with the same key words in Chinese from January 1990 to January 2010. The searched documents were summarized from the aspects of model preparation, evaluation, application and progress. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 103 articles about targeting role of transgenic rabbit model were included. Articles published earlier, duplicated, and similarly were excluded, and 32 references were finally included. The results demonstrated that, rabbits play an important role in medical studies, due to the similar features in protein metabolism as human, the rabbit models are widely used in research human atherosclerosis. High fat and cholesterol can induce atherosclerosis in rabbits. Transgenic rabbits are also applied in biomedical studies, as so far, more than 30 transgenic rabbit have been generated including apolipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein A-II, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein E2, as well as apolipoprotein E3 genes. Transgenic rabbits provide new special insights into the mechanisms regulating the development of human atherosclerosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Delivery of small-interfering RNA to the mammalian brain Zhang Qi, Zhang Lin, Yan Rong, Yang Xin-yu 2010, 14 (37):  7004-7007.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.039 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (337KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a new method of gene therapy, small-interfering RNA (RNAi) can reduce the expression of target gene, which has a great potential in the treatment of neuroscience diseases. By introducing siRNA with the same sequence of endogenous target gene, the technology can artificially induce sequence-specific mRNA degradation to prevent the gene expression. OBJECTIVE: To explore the delivery of siRNA to the mammalian brain in the treatment of neuroscience diseases. METHODS: The database of PubMed home was retrieved with key words of “siRNA, delivery, brain” and “siRNA, delivery, vivo” by computer, separately. The literature was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Totally 27 papers were analyzed from the synthesis of siRNA, delivery in the brain, its inhibition efficiency and side effects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In recent RNAi studies, high-precision prediction method of siRNA could be used to synthesize highly specific siRNA; siRNA might be delivered to the mammalian brain, mainly through local injection approach, and with the help of the delivery carrier, the inhibition efficiency was constantly improved; with the study of RNAi technology, its side effects was also gaining the attention of researchers. In brief, as a novel treatment strategy, RNAi has a great potential in the treatment of neuroscience diseases and can bring a new revolution in drug discovery and development. Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural characteristics of nucleus pulposus and related etiology in patients with idiopathic scoliosis Lu Ming, V. Ya. Fischenko, V.A. Vleschenko, Y. V. Fischenko 2010, 14 (37):  7008-7011.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.040 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (330KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: Support-motion system (skeleton-muscular system) alters during idiopathic scoliosis advancement. Some symptoms present with idiopathic scoliosis, others exhibit secondary scoliosis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between pathological change features and etiology of the nucleus scoliosis in patients with scoliosis. METHODS: Totaly 214 main and compensatory curve samples of nucleus pulposus were harvested from 22 cases with King Ⅱ, Ⅲ types scoliosis, aged 13-15 years, including 3 males and 19 females. After conventional treatment, samples were performed epoxy-polymerization in the isinglass tube. Gelatin blocks were prepared 1 750 copies of a continuous ultra-thin tissue sections. The change features and histochemistrical alteration of nucleus pulpous were observed under an electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under an electron microscope, few fibrous tissue bands could be seen at the junction of plate and nucleus of hyaline cartilage, especially obviously in patients with king Ⅲ type of scoliosis. There were metachromasia non-substances acid mucopolysaccharide and elastin in in the nucleus pulposus cells, but it could not be confirmed resulting from hyaluronic acid (testis hyaluronic acid and bacteria) damage. Electric-chemistry observation showed that, compensatory bend vertex in the cartilage cells presented with nucleus unity, and few lysosomal solution containing lysosomal acid phosphatase could be seen. Dissolved body in these cells were clearly, but lack of internal structures. They were identified as idiopathic structural scoliosis, which not involved in cell self-consuming of dissolution or dissolution of other types of organizations. The various types of cells increased by exogenous brought a large number of lysosomal enzymes, and led to cell autologous consumption, the internal structure of the dissolution, but this destruction process in compensatory bend in the nucleus pulposus has not been found in. Accordingly, in the pathological process of reconstructing nucleus pulposus, lysosomal enzyme paticipates with the form of self-consuming, the ultrastructure of nucleus pulposus was damaged under condition of enzymatic action, thus, result in malformation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Longitudinal study of foot pressure and gait feature change in pregnancy women Huo Hong-feng, Fu Jun, Zhao Huan-bin, Liang Yu, Ding Li-peng 2010, 14 (37):  7012-7016.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.041 Abstract ( 489 )   PDF (327KB) ( 635 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pregnancy is a special period for a woman because the posture change and body mass gain take inconvenience to the life. Thus, the physical condition of this special group should be highly concerned from the whole society. OBJECTIVE: To explore the gait features of different gestational periods in pregnancy women in order to support pregnancy exercise and give suggestions for pregnant women shoes design. METHODS: The dynamic foot pressure during the natural walk in pregnant 12, 21, 30 and 36 weeks were analyzed by foot pressure analysis system, and the cycle phase, intensity of pressure, and feet control were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proportions of support time and double support time in gait cycle were increased following the gestational periods, however the amplitudes were diminished. The supinational spots (M3 and M2) of maximal intensity of pressure were increased gradually during gestation. The time of forefoot push off phase also showed the increasing tendency in gestational period. In order to improve the feet discomfort during physical activity and fitness exercise of pregnant women, we recommend that design and develop pregnant women-only fitness shoes according to the different gait characteristics during the natural walking gait. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction of the unerupted canine and premolars width for Han adolescents in Urumqi Mi Cong-bo, Fan Xue-lan, Guo Hong, Qian Ya-jing, Ge Xin 2010, 14 (37):  7017-7020.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.042 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (278KB) ( 1509 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prediction of the width between unerupted canine and premolars in mixed-dentition period plays an important role in making plans for occlusion guidance. OBJECTIVE: To develop prediction equations for estimating the width between unerupted canines and premolars of Han adolescents in Urumqi using data obtained from investigation.  METHODS: Regression analyses were performed on data derived from144 Han adolescents in Urumqi (68 males and 76 females) using digital vernier caliper. Measurements were taken on plaster casts of all the teeth widths in the front of mesiocontact of the second molars and recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm. These data were analyzed to establish regression equations based on the calculating the correlation coefficients between the mesiodistal widths of the first molar in one arch and that of the canine and two premolars in the same arch.      RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The four predication equations had been developed to estimate the size of unerupted canine and premolars for Han adolescents in Urumqi. The following formulas (Y), correlation coefficients (r) and standard deviation of Y for fixed X (S y.x) were showed: ①Maxillary arch: for males, Y=14. 8382+0.7816X1 (X1 equals the mesiodistal width of the first upper molar, r=0.4258, S y:x1=0.9006); for females, Y =12.209 5+1.00 0X1 (r=0.487 1, Sy.x1=0.995 0). ②Mandibular arch: for males, Y=13.500 6+0.793 3X2 (X2 equals the width of the first lower molar, r=0.464 3, S y.x2=0.855 4); for females, Y=7.922 3+ 1.269 5 X2 (r=0.540 9, S y.x2=0.997 2). The newly developed equations are more applicable for predicting the mesiodistal sizes of unerupted canine and premolars of Han adolescents in Urumqi.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tanshinone ⅡA on transforming growth factor beta 1/Smads signaling pathway in cardiac fibroblasts Zhan Cheng-ye, Zhou Dai-xing, Tang Jin-hui 2010, 14 (37):  7021-7025.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.043 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (404KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: One of important mechanisms underlying myocardial fibrosis is that transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1) stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts via Smads signaling pathway. Previous studies have confirmed that tanshinone ⅡA can effectively inhibit myocardial fibrosis. But whether blockage of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway is involved in this process remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tanshinone ⅡA on TGF-β1 signal transduction in rat cardiac fibroblasts. METHODS: Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were harvested by trypsin digestion and differential attachment and treated with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 and different concentrations of tanshinone ⅡA (10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L). At 6, 12, and 24 hours after TGF-β1 application, fibronectin expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. At 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after TGF-β1 application, Smads protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fibronectin mRNA and protein expression began to increase at 6 hours after TGF-β1 application and was 1.3 and 1.8 times higher than initial level, respectively (P < 0.01), at 24 hours after TGF-β1 application. Phosphorylated Smad2/3 protein expression began to increase at 15 minutes after TGF-β1 application, peaked at 1 hour, decreased at 2 hours, but it was still 3.9 times higher than initial level (P < 0.01). Tanshinone ⅡA (10-5 and 10-4 mol/L) pretreatment downregulated fibronectin and phosphorylated Smad2/3 expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that TGF-β1 induced fibronectin protein and mRNA expression and Smad2/3 protein expression in a time-dependent manner. Tanshinone ⅡA against myocardial fibrosis was likely related to its inhibition of TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and blockage of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathways within cardiac fibroblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Arthroscopic repair for bucket-handle meniscus tears☆  A 2- to 5-year follow-up of 61 patients Gu Jian-ming, Feng Hua, Hong Lei, Geng Xiang-su, Zhang Hui, Wang Xue-song, Jiang Xie-yuan 2010, 14 (37):  7026-7030.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.37.044 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (262KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: Unrepaired bucket handle meniscus tear (BHMT) could result in partial or total meniscectomy, which aggravates the degeneration of knee joint. The long-term, large sample studies regarding the success rate of BHMT repair are few. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the clinical result of arthroscopic BHMT repair and explore the preoperative diagnosis, repair technique, treatment effect evaluation and influential factors, so as to investigate ideal repair method of large meniscus tear injury.  METHODS: From May 2002 to November 2005, 90 patients with repairable BHMT were treated in Sports Medical Center of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Of the 90 patients, 61 (63 menisci) were followed up for over 2 years with an average duration of 38 months (24-66 months). The indications of BHMT repair include red-red area and red-white area injuries, reductable, meniscus with no compound tear or degeneration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of the 61 followed up patients, 53 menisci in 51 patients (84%) were assessed by second-look arthroscopy; 53 of 61 patients (87%) were asymptomatic, 4 (6%) patients were partial asymptomatic and 4 (6%) had recurrent locking showing failure. Second-look arthroscopic examination showed that 44 menisci (83%) were healed completely, 5 (9%) partially healed, and 4 (7%) not healed. The total failure rate was 8% (5/63), and success rate was 92%, including complete healed, partial healed, asymptomatic and partial asymptomatic patients. For large bucket-handle meniscus tears involving red-red and red-white zones, reliable arthroscopic hybrid suture technique, provides stable suture strength along the whole length of injured region and consequently achieves improved clinical outcomes in combination with anterior cruciate ligament. Related Articles | Metrics