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30 July 2013, Volume 17 Issue 31 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Expression of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 in acute rejection of liver transplantation in rhesus monkey Zhang Sheng-ning, Ran Jiang-hua, Liu Jing, Li Zhu, Li Lai-bang, Gao Yang, Zhang Xi-bing, Wu Shu-yuan, Li Li 2013, 17 (31):  5581-5587.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.001 Abstract ( 475 )   PDF (2136KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-κB as an important nuclear transcription factor, is a converge point for various signal transduction pathways, and participate in the regulation of reactive substances gene expression such as the immune cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The nuclear factor-κB plays an important role in humoral and cellular immune. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the nuclear factor-κB p65 protein expression and acute rejection in transplanted liver tissue of rhesus monkey. METHODS: The rhesus monkey recipients were randomly divided into two groups: acute rejection group and control group. The acute rejection group did not received anti-rejection treatment after liver transplantation, and the control group was given anti-rejection treatment during and after liver transplantation. The blood samples were collected at 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours after transplantation, and the automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of transplanted liver tissue was performed to observe the morphological structure and rejection. The degree of rejection was evaluated according to the Banff scoring system, and the expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver tissue was detected with Western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the acute rejection occurred after liver transplantation, the liver function change was observed after liver histopathological examination, the expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 in the liver tissue was up-regulated, and the degree of acute rejection was increased. In the early stage of acute rejection, the liver function and pathology were changed slightly, while the expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 was significantly increased. The results indicate that the detection of nuclear factor-κB p65 in the transplanted liver tissue has great significance for the early diagnosis of acute rejection after liver transplantation, and the nuclear factor-κB may be the new target for controlling the acute rejection. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Entecavir combined with immunoglobulin prevents hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation Gao Yin-jie, Liu Zhen-wen, Zhang Min, Su Hai-bin, Zhou Shuang-nan, Zhou Xia, Zhang Da-li, He Xi, Tang Ru-jia 2013, 17 (31):  5588-5594.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.002 Abstract ( 894 )   PDF (1744KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prolonged therapy with lamivudine has been associated with tyrosine-methionine-aspartate- aspartate mutation, which results in hepatitis B recurrence. Recently, antiviral agents, such as entecavir, have high efficacy and low resistance rate in hepatitis B-related liver disease. However, the researches on the effect of entecavir in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation are rare. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of entecavir combined with low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS: The follow-up data of 253 patients who had liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus related liver disease were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received nucleoside analogues therapy formally before liver transplantation. The effects of entecavir+hepatitis B immunoglobulin and lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin were compared in all the patients and the patents with hepatitis B recurrence risk factors (positive preoperative HBeAg, DNA-positive hepatitis B virus, hepatoma and tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate mutation). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 253 patients received hepatitis B virus-related liver transplantation, and 29 patients died. There were 202 patients in lamivudine group in which 26 patients were dead and 16 patients had hepatitis B virus recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 7.92% (16/202). However, entecavir group had 51 patients without hepatitis B virus recurrence in which three patients were dead. There were significant differences in the mortality rate and recurrence rate between two groups. Compared with the lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin, entecavir+hepatitis B immunoglobulin could effectively reduce the recurrence rate of the patients with hepatitis B virus-related risk factors. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin was terminated and nucleoside analogues were modulated when recurrence appeared. All patients hepatitis B virus DNA were controlled less than 500 IU/mL and liver function returned to normal level. Log-rank test showed that there was no significant difference in the long-term survival rate after timely treatment of hepatitis B virus recurrence. With the prevention of nucleoside analogues combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy, timely treatment of hepatitis B recurrence has little influence on the prognosis. Entecavir combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the hepatitis B recurrence. For the patients with hepatitis B virus-related risk factors, entecavir combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can better reduce the recurrence rate of hepatitis B than lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin after liver transplantation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Gastrointestinal function recovery influences the prognosis of patients after liver transplantation Wang Xu, Yan Cheng-mei 2013, 17 (31):  5595-5600.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.003 Abstract ( 491 )   PDF (649KB) ( 424 )   Save BACKGROUND: Delayed gastrointestinal function recovery often appears in patients after liver transplantation. It may influence patient’s prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the recovery time of gastrointestinal function in patients after liver transplantation, and to explore the influence of the gastrointestinal function recovery after liver transplantation on the prognosis. METHODS: The data of 254 liver transplantation patients selected from two hospitals of Fujian province from January 2006 to October 2011 were collected. The recovery time of gastrointestinal function in liver transplantation patients was descriptively analyzed. This study was divided into three groups (< 7 days group, 7-14 days group and >14 days group) according to the recovery time in order to comparatively observe the incidence of postoperative complications, hospital stay and costs in hospital. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the 254 cases, 142 cases had the full recovery of gastrointestinal function for < 7 days, 90 cases 7-14 days, and 22 cases for > 14 days. The patients in the < 7 days group had the lowest incidence of complications (lung, abdominal cavity and incision), 2 weeks postoperative serum albumin level, hospital stay and cost when compared with other two groups, followed by the 7-14 days group, and highest in the >14 days group (P < 0.05); the 2 weeks postoperative serum albumin level was highest in the < 7 days group, followed by 7-14 days group, and lowest in the > 14 days group (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences in the renal dysfunction after liver transplantation and the incidence of acute rejection (P > 0.05). Higher incidence for patients after liver transplantation with delayed gastrointestinal function recovery may result in higher incidence of postoperative infection complications, longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of daclizumab as an immune induction therapy after liver transplantation Liu Ying, Zhu Zhi-jun 2013, 17 (31):  5601-5606.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.004 Abstract ( 667 )   PDF (754KB) ( 480 )   Save BACKGROUND: Daclizumab can be specially combined with the inerleukin-2 receptor on the surface of activated T cells in human body, and this method can reflect the close of interleukin-2 receptor thus inferring the effect of induction therapy. At present, the daclizumab has been widely used in renal transplantation, but there is no consensus on its clinical application in liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of serum CD25+ T cells and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in the patients receiving daclizumab for liver transplantation during perioperative period. METHODS: A total of 58 patients received orthotopic liver transplant for the first time were included and then the patients were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=28) and treatment group (n=30). The patients in the two groups were treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids triple immunosuppressive regimen. The patients in the treatment group received immune induction therapy with daclizumab, and the patients in the control group did not receive daclizumab. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the expression levels of CD25+ T cells in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group at different time points after liver transplantation (P < 0.01); and the expression levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group during transplantation and at the first day after transplantation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). At 6 months after transplantation, the incidence of acute rejection was decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.01). The results indicate that daclizumab can effectively suppress the expression level of CD25+T cells, as well as the expression level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in the peripheral blood in the early stage of liver transplantation, thus effectively reducing the rate of acute rejection. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Production and functional testing of polyurethane valve of the pediatric Luo-Ye pump Wu Yue-heng, Huang Huan-lei, Fan Rui-xin, Qi Zhou-cuo, Yao Li-ming, Wu Chang-li, Lu Ping-lan, Cheng An-heng, Xiao Xue-jun 2013, 17 (31):  5607-5612.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.005 Abstract ( 491 )   PDF (794KB) ( 476 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechanical valves used in the adult Luo-Ye pump have a large size and great destruction to blood, which are not suitable for infant ventricular assist pump. Therefore, designing and producing a high molecular valve with small size and low incidence of thrombosis is a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To design and produce a valve of 20 mL infant Luo-Ye pump, and to test its basic functions and fatigue properties. METHODS: The size and shape of valve was designed with MASTERCAM software, polyurethane valve was obtained through producing the valve model and plastic injection; the static leakage, pressure drop and fatigue resistance of polyurethane valve were tested according to the ISO5840 requirements. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The polyurethane trefoil valve was produced, but the failure rate of plastic injection was high; the basic function of the trefoil valve met the ISO5840 requirements bascially; after continuously operated 1.0×107 times, stroke volume of 20 mL Luo-Ye pump was changed 5.2%, and two polyurethane valves and valve leaflets did not change and damage. Polyurethane trefoil valve was designed and produced successfully; polyurethane valves could meet the needs of 20 mL Luo-Ye pump, which already have the ability to clinical trials. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between SLC30A8 gene polymorphisms and diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation Yu Ai-rong, Fan Xing, Liu Hui-ming, Xin Hua-wen, Wu Xiao-chun 2013, 17 (31):  5613-5619.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.006 Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (749KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that the susceptibility genes of adiponectin gene and calpain 10 gene of type 2 diabetes are closely related with the incidence of diabetes in Chinese renal transplantation patients. So, are other susceptibility genes of type 2 diabetes also associated with posttransplantation diabetes mellitus? 　   OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the zinc transporter solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) gene polymorphism and the posttransplantation diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A total of 97 patients with posttransplantation diabetes mellitus and 301 patents without posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (control group) were selected, and then the SLC30A8 gene rs13266634 genotype was detected with real-time PCR method. The association between gene polymorphism and posttransplantation diabetes mellitus was analyzed with Logistic regression test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were significant differences in allele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs13266634 between the patients with and without posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05). After adjustments of age, sex, body weight and body mass index, the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus of the CC genotype patients was 2.108 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=2.108, 95% confidence interval: 1.075-4.131, P=0.044); and the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus of the CC+CT genotype patients was 1.862 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=1.862, 95% confidence interval: 1.049-3.306, P=0.034). The results suggest that the C-allele in rs13266634 of SLC30A8 gene is the independent risk factor of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Achilles tendon graft matches with bone tunnel of different sizes for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Yang Xiao, Wang Yue, Lü Bo 2013, 17 (31):  5620-5625.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.007 Abstract ( 551 )   PDF (1849KB) ( 416 )   Save BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament is the important anatomic structure to maintain the knee joint stability. The tendon bone healing and clinical functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament have attracted more attention. OBJECTIVE: To observe the healing of graft tendon and surrounding bone with histological method through the same diameter grafts matching with the bone tunnel of different sizes in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery, and to detect the functional recovery with biomechanics. METHODS: Middle 1/3 of canine autologous tendon was selected as the anterior cruciate ligament graft, and then trimmed into the same diameter of 4 mm. Sixteen adult mongrel canine were randomly divided into four groups. The anterior cruciate ligament was resected completely, and the tibial and femoral tunnels were prepared on the end sites of tibia and femur with the diameters of 5, 4.5, 4 and 3.5 mm, then implanted into the tendon in prepared and linked into the bone tunnel. At 6 weeks after reconstruction, the experimental canine were sacrificed under general anesthesia to collect the tissue and organs in the surgical area. Then the hematoxylin-eosin staining, biomechanical testing and statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 6 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, anatomical observation showed that there were no significant differences in growth of grafts and bone tunnels between groups; hematoxylin-eosin staining showed sharpey-like fibronectin could be seen in the tendon bone healing surface, and the collagen fibers in the 3.5 mm bone tunnel group were more compact and regular than those in the other groups; the biomechanical testing results in the 3.5 mm bone tunnel group were better than those in the other groups. The results indicate that during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, decreasing the diameter of bone tunnel that matched with grafts in order to make the tendon and the bone tunnel closely matched can provide a more stable cell biological and mechanical environment, accelerate the formation and transformation of tendon-bone healing interface, and can improve the quality of tendon-bone healing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tendon allograft transplantation repairs Achilles tendon rupture Tang Heng-tao, Wang Chuang-jian, Yan Xu, Zhang Chun-lin 2013, 17 (31):  5626-5632.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.008 Abstract ( 883 )   PDF (2718KB) ( 923 )   Save BACKGROUND: For the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture, peripheral ankle autologous tendon displacement is the traditional method in clinic, while the source of autologous tendon is limited, has damage to the donor site and has to pay with the normal power and stable structure. Allogenic tendon has the advantages of rich sources, easy to obtain, no damage to the normal structure of the host, and can maintain its original biological structure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of tendon allograft transplantation on the repair of Achilles tendon rupture. METHODS: Thirty cases of acute and old Achilles tendon rupture and four cases of chronic rupture with 2-5 cm deficiency were treated from August 2008 to June 2011. The cases were treated with tendon allograft transplantation, and short leg cast was used to fix the limb after transplantation. Functional exercises were commenced at 4 weeks after cast removal. The clinical treatment results were evaluated by Arner-lindholm criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean hospital stay was about 12.5 days. Twenty-five cases were followed-up for 1-3 years after transplantation and no rupture recurred. According to Arner-lindholm criteria, excellent was in 25 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 2 cases, and the excellent and good rate was 92%. Ankle joint function was recovered to the normal level. Three cases had adhesion between Achilles tendon and adjacent tissue that had impact on the ankle dorsiflexion, and there was no significance decrease in foot pedal force. Two cases had rejection that healed after symptomatic treatment. One case had less flap margin necrosis and incision infection that healed after dressing and adjacent flap coverage. Incisions of all patients were healed at discharge. The results show that tendon allograft transplantation has satisfactory effect for reaping the Achilles tendon rupture which is a recommended treatment option. But the long-term effect needs further observation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Improvement of a rat lung transplantation model Qiang Guang-liang, Bao Tong, Wen Huan-shun, Xiao Fei, Liang Chao-yang 2013, 17 (31):  5633-5638.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.009 Abstract ( 537 )   PDF (2491KB) ( 655 )   Save BACKGROUND: Orthotopic lung transplantation model in a rat is the key to investigate the chronic rejection after lung transplantation. However, the precise surgical technique and difficult operation limit the application of the model． OBJECTIVE: To improve the process of anesthesia and lung transplantation, and to establish a rapid, safe and reversible rat lung transplantation model． METHODS: A total of 42 rats were used to establish the model, including 21 donor models and 21 receptor models. The donor lung was excised by median sternotomy with dissection of the left lung and implantation of cuffs (intravenous catheters cut into 1.5 mm sections). The left lung was implanted in the recipient by lateral thoracotomy using the cuffs for anastomoses. The duration of surgery and success rate of transplantation were recorded and calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The survival rate of rats after lung transplantation was 100%. The time of left donor lung extraction was (35.3±5.1) minutes in average. The time of placing cuff in donor lung was (12.5±4.6) minutes in average. The surgical procedure time of recipient was (50.2±3.3) minutes. The time of arteriovenous and bronchus casing anastomosis was (27.7±6.2) minutes. After pulmonary artery and vein blood flow was disparked, the whole lung turned red rapidly, blood perfusion was sufficient, venous returned unimpeded; after mechanical ventilation resumed, all graft lungs expanded well. This improved anesthesia and lung transplantation technique in rats can provide a valid, reliable and reproducible animal model for studying immune responses and rejection in lung transplantation. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional visualizational reconstruction of pedicled island skin flap with arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle Tan Wei, Li Dong-sheng, Li Xu, Huang Wen-hua 2013, 17 (31):  5639-5644.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.010 Abstract ( 508 )   PDF (687KB) ( 427 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, design of pedicled island skin flap with arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle mainly depends on clinician’s abstract thinking, which makes it difficult for quantitative analysis and exchange learning, and makes it limited in clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To perform the three-dimensional reconstruction of pedicled island skin flap with arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle, and to establish visible models of the flap. METHODS: One fresh adult cadaver specimen was collected and perfused with the mixture of lead oxide-gelatine through anterior tibial artery and posterior tibial artery, and then received spiral CT scanning. The branch of anterior medial malleolus artery, medial tarsal artery and the superficial branch of medial plantar artery as well as its anastomotic branch were reconstructed with mimics10.0 software, in order to observe the constitute, track-way and distribution of arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle. According to the feature of anatomical structures, reconstruction was conducted in skin and vessel to obtain three-dimensional arterial skin flap structure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The layers of three-dimensional reconstruction were distinctively displayed, and the arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle was displayed well with strong physical sense and clear relationship between skin and arteries. The morphology of various anatomical structures could be bserved clearly on the three-dimensional reconstruction image, especially the formation of arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle and its surface projection. Three-dimensional reconstruction of pedicled island skin flap with arterial arch at the superior border of abductor hallucis muscle may provide great value for basic research, clinical experiments and surgical planning, and provide visual reference for the individual operation design and can be able to enhance the successful rate of surgery. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Platelet-rich plasma effects on grainy fat transplantation Li Feng, Li Kun, Li Jie, Tian Wei-dong 2013, 17 (31):  5645-5651.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.011 Abstract ( 448 )   PDF (735KB) ( 693 )   Save BACKGROUND: The higher long-term absorption rate greatly influence the widely application of fat transplantation. Platelet-rich plasma contains a high concentration of growth factors, which benefits to the tissue healing and regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of platelet-rich plasma on grainy fat transplantation and to investigate the mechanisms preliminarily. METHODS: Ten 6-week-old nude mice were prepared. The right or left dorsal subcutaneous tissues were randomly selected as the platelet-rich plasma group (0.5 mL fat granule+0.1 mL platelet-rich plasma), and the contralateral side was regarded as the control group (0.5 mL fat granule+0.1 mL phosphate-buffered saline). At 10 and 90 days after implantation, five nude mice were selected from each group, and then the mice were sacrificed to obtain the grafts in each group for general appearance observation, volume determination and histological detection. Furthermore, we isolated adipose-derived stem cells from human subcutaneous fat tissue during the in vitro experiment. Cell counting kit-8 and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the influence of platelet-rich plasma on adipose-derived stem cell proliferation and adipogenic differentiation in vitro, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Comparison of the grafts obtained at 10 and 90 days after implantation, the residual volume in the platelet-rich plasma group was significantly larger than that in the control group (P < 0.05), Moreover, more normal adipocytes and capillary formation were observed in the platelet-rich plasma group (P < 0.05). For in vitro experiment, platelet-rich plasma could significantly improve adipose-derived stem cell proliferation, and the expressions of adipogenic-related genes were up-regulated in platelet-rich plasma-induced adipose-derived stem cells. All results demonstrate that platelet-rich plasma can improve the survival of fat grafts, which might be closely related to that platelet-rich plasma can promote the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells and the revascularization in grafted fat tissue. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogeneic bone combined with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation for the treatment of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions Liu Ying-fei, Wang Tao, Zhang Ping-de 2013, 17 (31):  5652-5658.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.012 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (838KB) ( 368 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allogenic bone is a clinical commonly used bone graft material, but the osteoinductive capacity is the biggest problem. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of allogeneic bone combined with autologous bone marrow stem cells on the repair of bone defects after scraping or resection of benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions. METHODS: Sixty-five cases of benign bone tumors (including patients with tumor-like lesions) were divided into two groups according to bone graft. There were 35 cases in the composite bone marrow stem cells for bone graft group, and 20-40 mL red bone marrow were extracted from anterosuperior iliac spine or iliac spine on both sides according to the expected amount of bone graft, then the bone marrow stem cells were isolated, purified, cultured and amplified for standby, and the bone marrow stromal stem cells and allogeneic bone particles were fully blended before bong graft. After tumor scraping or resection, the blended bone marrow stromal stem cells and allogeneic bone particles were implanted into the bone defect region. In the bone graft group, the bone defect was implanted with allogeneic bone soaked with saline for half an hour. X-ray examination was performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment to compare the fuzzy boundary and the time for disappear, and the postoperative complications were observed.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the 62 patients were followed-up for more than 12 months. The fuzzy boundary time and disappear time in the composite bone marrow stem cells for bone graft group were shorter than those in the bone graft group (P < 0.05). In the composite bone marrow stem cells for bone graft group, one case appeared rejection and healed after treated with immunosuppressive agents for 2 weeks, and no complication observed in two groups. The results indicate that allogeneic bone composite autologous bone marrow stem cells for bone graft can promote bone fusion and bone defect healing. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of myocardial protection fluid in infant open heart operation Cheng Guang-cun, Cheng Ming-guang, Tang Dan-dan, Dong Gui-fu, Cai Yan, Jiang Bo, Yan Zhong-ya 2013, 17 (31):  5659-5665.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.013 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (713KB) ( 601 )   Save BACKGROUND: The research at home and abroad for appropriate immature myocardial cardioplegia has no breakthrough, and it may be a better mean to improve the protection effect of existing cardioplegia on immature myocardial by adding ingredients. Adenosine can reduce ischemia and neutrophil-mediated reperfusion injury, and salvia miltiorrhiza can reduce the content of ischemic myocardial lipid peroxide and increase the scavenging of myocardial cells to oxygen radical. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protection effect of improved myocardial protection fluid containing adenosine and salvia miltiorrhiza on the heart, liver and kidney. METHODS: Sixty cases of infant open heart operation of the first time were randomly divided into three groups, 20 cases in each group. The adenosine group received the improved myocardial protection fluid added with adenosine, the combination group received the improved myocardial protection fluid added with adenosine and miltiorrhiza salvia, and the control group received the improved myocardial protection fluid in the same volume. The blood samples were taken at the time before anesthesia induction, 30 minutes after cardio pulmonary bypass beginning, 1 hour after cardio pulmonary bypass end and 24 hours after cardio pulmonary bypass end. The serum levels of the creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and interleukin 10 were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum levels of the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and creatine kinase in three groups were increased, but the control group was increased significantly (P < 0.01), and there were significant differences between adenosine group and combination group (P < 0.05); the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 were significantly increased after operation (P < 0.05). The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in the control group were significantly higher than those in the adenosine group and combination group before induction and at the same time point (P < 0.01); at 3 minutes and 24 hours after cardio pulmonary bypass, the level of interleukin-10 was increased in three groups, but the level of interleukin-10 in the adenosine group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The results indicate that improved myocardial protection fluid has great protection effect on immature myocardial, and can significantly reduce the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, promote the secretion of interleukin-10 that can inhibit inflammatory cytokine and can significantly reduce the inflammatory response caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. So the improved myocardial protection fluid has protection effect on important organs, such as heart, lung, liver and kidney. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Atherosclerosis occurs in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis Wu Dao-xu, Xu Yan 2013, 17 (31):  5666-5672.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.014 Abstract ( 1052 )   PDF (847KB) ( 423 )   Save BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis is a common complication in diabetic nephropathy and hemodialysis  patients. The effect of hemodialysis duration and other relative factors on the atherosclerosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy needs to be further observed and explored. OBJECTIVE: To observe the atherosclerosis in the patients with different hemodialysis durations, then to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis duration and other relative factors on atherosclerosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: The intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in the diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group, non-diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group and end-stage renal disease non-hemodialysis group was detected with high-frequency ultrasonic testing, and the healthy volunteers were as the normal control group. The relationship between the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in the hemodialysis patients and hemodialysis duration was analyzed, and the changes of insulin resistance in each group were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Compared with the normal control group, the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in the diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group and non-diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group was increased (P < 0.01); there was no significant difference of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery between 24 hours diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group and end-stage renal disease non-hemodialysis group (P > 0.05); the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in the 60 months diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group was higher than that in the 24 hours diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group (P < 0.05); the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery in the 60 months diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group was significantly higher than that in the end-stage renal disease non-hemodialysis group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference of intima-media thickness of the carotid artery between 60 months diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group, end-stage renal disease non-hemodialysis group and 24 hours diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group (P > 0.05). The homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance value in the 24 hours diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group was slightly lower than that in the diabetic nephropathy non-emodialysis group (P < 0.05), and the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance value in the 60 months diabetic nephropathy hemodialysis group was significantly lower than that in the diabetic nephropathy non-emodialysis group (P < 0.01). The development of atherosclerosis on diabetic nephropathy patients can be affected by hemodialysis to some extent. And the effect is correlated with the hemodialysis duration. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Methylation of CpG island in ABO gene promoter coding glycosyltransferase with dual donor specificity Yu Qiong, Su Yu-qing, Zhen Jian-xin, Deng Zhi-hui 2013, 17 (31):  5673-5679.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.015 Abstract ( 542 )   PDF (689KB) ( 549 )   Save BACKGROUND: During the research of ABO blood type antigen, the overwhelming majority samples of same ABO gene express a normal and same ABH antigen. But a certain amount samples with the same ABO genetic background show different antigen intensity expression as for different family or individuals. The ABO blood type has complex expression regulation mechanism. Analysis of ABO blood group serology and genetic background of these rare bi-specific AB phenotype specimens, and further studying on epigenetics may partly revealed ABO gene expression mechanism. OBJECTIVE: To study methylation of CpG island and explore the relationship between ABO gene promoter coding glycosyltransferase with dual donor specificity and ABH antigen expression.  METHODS: Six samples detected as CisAB or B(A) phenotype were studied in this paper. The whole code sequences and promoter sequence of ABO gene were amplified respectively. The level of CpG methylation in promoter of ABO gene was further detected with bisulfite treatment method． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Among the six bi-specific AB phenotype samples, two previously-identified CisAB05/B(A)06 alleles with nt803C > G on the basis of B101 allele sequence could be seen, and three additional methylated sites nt-33(30%), nt+27(50%) and nt+49(50%) were found between the two regions of CpG island in promoter of ABO gene. Two CisAB01 alleles with nt803C > G mutation on the basis of A101 sequence were found at nt-26C(10%). Other two B(A)04 alleles contained nt640A > G mutation on the basis of B101 sequence were found in the whole code sequences regions, and six additional methylated sites nt-33(10%), nt+16(50%), nt+57(60%), nt+59(60%), nt+68(60%) and nt+74(60%) were found between the two samples. No abnormity was identified in the promoter region of ABO gene. Our results indicated that the differential methylation levels in the CpG island of ABO gene promoter region may affect ABH antigens expression on the red cell membrane even if the samples had the same ABO genetic background. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Coping styles of patients waiting for renal transplantation Han Meng-xia, Xie Jun-jie, An Dan 2013, 17 (31):  5680-5685.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.016 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (640KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: To evaluate the psychological characteristics of the patients waiting for renal transplantation in order to analyze coping style, thus perform the corresponding personalized clinical psychological intervention which is conductive for patients to face reality and disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the psychological characteristics of the patients waiting for renal transplantation and to analyze the effect of different social factors on the coping style of patients and to explore the corresponding clinical mental intervention method METHODS: Fifty-eight patients waiting for renal transplantation and 60 patients without renal transplantation were randomly selected from Second Department of Urology, Organ transplantation Center, the 309th Hospital of PLA between February 2009 and August 2010, the patients were required to fill in a psychological questionnaire form using the currently general used medical response. The effect of social factors on the coping style and psychological stress status was analyzed with multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the questionnaire survey, the evasive and yielding value scores of the patients waiting for renal transplantation were significantly higher than those of the patients without renal transplantation (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference of confrontation score between the patients (P > 0.05). It indicated that the psychological pressure of the patients waiting for renal transplantation was bigger that of the patients with out renal transplantation, which may related with course of the disease, cost and the rejection after transplantation for the patients has to endured. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, education, income, payment methods and age of the patients were all related with the confrontation, evasive and yielding scores, as those with technical secondary school education or better got the best confrontation score while those with annual income less than 60 000 yuan got the highest score in evasive and yielding styles. The results show that income and education level of patients are the main factors that affect the coping style and psychological stress status of the patients waiting for renal transplantation, treating the patients with reasonable renal clinical care interventions can help the patients face to the disease positively and can reduce the damage of transplantation to the psychology of the patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Abnormal liver function after liver transplantation Li Jun, Chen Hong, Fan Tie-yan, Wang Xu 2013, 17 (31):  5686-5692.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.017 Abstract ( 1870 )   PDF (695KB) ( 845 )   Save BACKGROUND: The causes for abnormal liver function after liver transplantation is complex, and it is important for the treatment to clarify the causes of abnormal liver function. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cause of abnormal liver function after liver transplantation, and to use it in clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The CNKI database and FMJS database were retrieved by computer for articles published from January 1991 to July 2012. Articles were searched with the key words of “liver transplantation, abnormal liver function, transaminase abnormalities, bilirubin increased, causes” in Chinese and English. A total of 98 articles were retrieved. Thirty-five articles directly related to abnormal liver function after liver transplantation and those published in authoritative magazines were included to review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many reasons can lead to abnormal liver function after liver transplantation, with complex clinical manifestations. The most common causes were acute rejection, biliary complications and virus infection. When the abnormal liver function occurred in the early postoperative period, especially in one month after liver transplantation, the small size syndrome and primary graft non-function should be vigilant. The transaminase and bilirubin levels were different for different causes. Transaminase increased more significantly than bilirubin in acute rejection, autoimmune hepatitis, viral infection, ischemia-reperfusion injury, portal vein and hepatic vein stenosis. However, obstruction enzyme such as alkaline phosphatase, glutamyltransferase, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin was increased more significantly in chronic rejection, biliary complications, hepatic artery, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis; transaminase increasing mainly and bilirubin increasing mainly can both appear in the patients with tumor, and which one will happen depending on the size and oppression of the tumor. In addition, collecting the medical history carefully can help to diagnose early as each patient have his special medical history. In a word, It’s important to collect medical history carefully in clinical work, and the common cause of abnormal liver function should be consider firstly according to the increasing of transaminase and bilirubin, and other relatively uncommon causes should be considered after remove the common causes through clinical proven. It can help to diagnose and treat as soon as possible to make full use of examinations, such as laboratory tests, imaging studies and liver puncture biopsy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation repairs spinal cord injury Hou Xiao-feng 2013, 17 (31):  5693-5698.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.018 Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (766KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury can cause the motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunction below the damaged surface, so the repair of spinal cord injury has been the problem of neuroscience research. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism, experimental research and clinical application of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for the repair of spinal cord injury, and to investigate the effect of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation on neurological function recovery. METHODS: The basic experimental and clinical researches on olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for the repair of spinal cord injury were retrospectively analyzed, in order to analyze the relationship between the number and time of the survival cells and the structure and function of the damages spinal cord after olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation. The inclusion and exclusion criteria of the included clinical researches, and the sources, types and transplantation method of the cells used for transplantation were clearly defined, then the effective and objective evaluation criteria was established. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: The animal experiments of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for the repair of spinal cord injury have achieved satisfactory effects. The spinal cord function score and the sensory and motor function were significantly improved compared with those before transplantation (P < 0.001). The successful animal experiment could provide basis for the clinical experiment and application. Parts of the clinical experiments were followed-up for 5 years. Because of a small amount of the cases in the clinical research and the short follow-up period, the final recovery of large number of cases cannot judged yet, further observation and research were required. The great significance of the research result is to help to find a reasonable strategy that can make the olfactory ensheathing cells displayed repairing effect sufficiently. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hypoglycemic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro differentiated into islet-like cells Zhang Li-ming, Wang Ren-hao, Wan Mei-rong, Wen Quan, Liu Xiao-yun, Shao Yong 2013, 17 (31):  5699-5704.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.019 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (905KB) ( 440 )   Save BACKGROUND: Islet and islet cell transplantation for the treatment of diabetes has achieved effect, but the research is limited dut to the shortage of islet and immune rejection. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of transplantation of islet-like cells that in vitro differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the treatment of diabetes in rats. METHODS: The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced with basic fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factors, and then received immunocytochemistry staining to detect the induction. The Sprague Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the diabetes models. After modeling, the rats were randomly divided into control group and experimental group (transplanted with induced islet-like cells). The experimental group was transplanted with the induced islet-like cells through renal capsule, and the control group was transplanted with normal saline in the same dose. The blood glucose and body mass of the diabetes rats were observed after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could differentiate into islet-like cells after in vitro induced with basic fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factors. There was no significant change in blood glucose of the control group after transplantation (P > 0.05), and the blood glucose of the rats in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into islet-like cells after in vitro induced with the induction system containing basic fibroblast growth factors and hepatocyte growth factors, and the islet-like cells have a certain ability of insulin secretion. The transplantation of induced islet-like cells after transplanted into the diabetes rats through renal capsule can decrease the blood glucose level of the rats. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation has advantages in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis Chen Xin, Huang Bo, Wan Hai-wu 2013, 17 (31):  5705-5710.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.020 Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (658KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lumbar spinal stenosis can severely affect the activities and functions of the lower limbs, and even cause paralysis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS: The lumbar spinal stenosis patients treated with posterior decompression and intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation were followed-up. The effect of intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis was evaluated through assessing the clinical symptoms and improvement of signs, recovery of neurological function, as well as intervertebral bone graft and fusion and the occurrence of complications. The effects of posterior decompression and intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation and simple decompression for the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis were compared, in order to further determine the treatment of intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up results of the lumbar spinal stenosis patients treated with posterior decompression and intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation showed that the symptoms of low back pain, partial limb sensory disturbances and intermittent claudication were improved significantly; the neurological recovery score could be up to 90% or above. Radiographic examination showed good intervertebral bone graft and fusion with less complication of nerves, blood vessels and dural injury. Comparative study showed that the excellent and good rate of posterior decompression and intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation can reach to 95.2%, while the excellent and good rate of simple decompression was 23.8%, indicating that the effect of posterior decompression and intervertebral bone graft with internal fixation was significantly better than that of simple decompression. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells in the treatment of diabetes mellitus Wu Li-ping, Li Meng, Li Rui-yu, Sun Yan-fu, Yan Jun-li 2013, 17 (31):  5711-5716.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.021 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (621KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: Drug treatment is the main method for the treatment of diabetes currently, but the development of the disease and occurrence of related complications are the challenges to the effect of drugs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and feasibility of co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells for the treatment of diabetes. METHODS: The rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated and purified, and cultured in vitro to establish the diabetes models. The rat diabetes models were injected with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, co-cultured mixture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells, and normal saline or phosphate buffer (control). The effect of transplantation was evaluated through observing the blood glucose levels, insulin secretion, and pathological changes of pancreatic tissue in the rat diabetes models. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: In the diabetes rats treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation, the C-peptide levels were significantly increased after transplantation, while the blood glucose levels were significantly decreased, but not lower than the normal level, and the blood glucose levels were increased again with the time prolonging. In the diabetes rats treated with co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells, the blood glucose levels were decreased significantly and lower than the normal level which was maintained in a certain time, and the decreasing degree was larger than that in the rats treated with simple bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Co-transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and islet cells is feasible for the treatment of diabetes with a certain effect. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Embryonic stem cell transplantation for treatment of cerebrovascular diseases Ma Xiang-wei 2013, 17 (31):  5717-5722.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.022 Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (629KB) ( 369 )   Save BACKGROUND: Whether embryonic stem cell transplantation can be an effective method for treatment of cerebrovascular disease has become a hot spot. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and feasibility of embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cell transplantation for the treatment of cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: The rat models of Parkinson’s disease, ischemic brain injury and vascular dementia were established and the embryonic stem cells were in vitro cultured and induced to differentiate into the neural precursor cells. The embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cells were transplanted into the rat brains with corresponding cerebrovascular disease, and then the rotational behavior changes, pathological changes in the brain tissue as well as changes in the hippocampal structure and the number of nerve cells in the rats with cerebrovascular disease were observed. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: After the embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cells transplanted into the rat brains with Parkinson’s disease, the frequency of apomorphine-induced rotation was decreased and in the downward trend, while the striatal dopamine levels were significantly increased. After transplantation of embryonic stem cell-differentiated neural precursor cells into the rat brains with ischemic brain injury, the cells could survive for a long time, and then migrated and distributed in the injured hippocampus to form the hippocampal structure; the cells could differentiate into neurons, and the number of nerve cells in the injured hippocampus was significantly increased. The results indicate that the transplanted glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor gene-modified embryonic stem cells can improve the learning and memory function of vascular dementia rats, enhance neural plasticity, and induce self-directed migration and differentiation into mature neurons. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The top cited articles on bioartificial liver in Web of Science   Zhang Fan, Lao Xue-jun, Jiang Jian-wei, Cao Ming-rong 2013, 17 (31):  5723-5728.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.023 Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (777KB) ( 474 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bioartificial liver could partially replace the major liver functions, including detoxification, synthesis, secretion and biotransformation. OBJECTIVE: To use bibliometric indexes to track study focuses on bioartificial liver, and to investigate the relationships among geographic origin, impact factors, and highly cited articles indexed in Web of Science. METHODS: A list of citation classics for bioartificial liver was generated by searching the database of Web of Science-Expanded using the terms “artificial liver support system” or artificial liver or “bioartificial liver”. The top 33 cited research articles which were cited more than 100 times were retrieved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Of 4 144 articles published, the 33 top-cited articles were published between 1992 and 2010. The highest citations paper was published in 2002, with a total of 668 citations, mean cited 55.67 per year. The total citations of 33 articles were 6 094 times, with a mean of 12.64 citations per article. These top-cited papers came from 11 countries, of which 12 articles came from the United States. University of Rostock led the list of classics with five papers. Harvard University and Massachusetts General Hospital ranked the second with four papers each. The 33 top-cited articles were published in 18 journals, predominantly Annals of Surgery and Hepatology, followed by Artificial Organs and Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Our bibliometric analysis provides a historical perspective on the progress of bioartificial liver research. Articles originating from outstanding institutions of the United States and published in high-impact journals are most likely to be cited. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone graft fusion combined with internal fixation restores vertebral height after thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation Peng Jun, Xu Jian-guang 2013, 17 (31):  5729-5734.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.024 Abstract ( 520 )   PDF (839KB) ( 482 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal canal decompression and fusion combined with pedicle screw fixation has become the main method for the treatment of thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation. OBJECTIVE: To restore the vertebral height of the patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation who underwent subtotal resection and decompression through titanium cage packed with autologous cancellous bone and pedicle screw fixation. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated in the Shanghai 6th People’ s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from February 2007 to September 2011 were selected. All the patients received subtotal resection, spinal canal decompression and titanium cage packed with autologous cancellous bone and pedicle screw fixation. Imaging examination was performed before and after treatment to observe the recovery of vertebral sequence, vertebral height and Cobb angle, as well as the recovery of nerve function. RESUTLS AND CONCLUSION: The patients were followed-up for 12 months, and all the patients healed well after treated with titanium cage packed with autologous cancellous bone and pedicle screw fixation, and there was no loosening, shedding or breakage after pedicle screw fixation. During reexamination, the grafts fusion, good deformity correction, basic recovery of vertebral height and good recovery of Cobb angle were observed. Seven cases had neurological function recovery, and among them, six cases raised for one degree, one case raised for two degrees, and another 22 cases without recovery. Case analysis and relative researches showed that subtotal resection and decompression and titanium cage packed with autologous cancellous bone and pedicle screw fixation can reduce the loss of correction of the patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation, restore the vertebral height, and enhance the stability of the vertebral body. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Microfracture technique and osteochondral transplantation in the treatment of articular cartilage defects Liu Li-bing, Wang Cheng-wei, Gao Jian, Shen Zhi-min 2013, 17 (31):  5735-5740.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.31.025 Abstract ( 561 )   PDF (737KB) ( 448 )   Save BACKGROUND: Microfracture technique and osteochondral transplantation are one of the methods for the treatment of articular cartilage defects with broad application prospects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of microfracture technique and autologous and allogeneic osteochondral transplantation in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis complicated with articular cartilage defects. METHODS: The articular cartilage defects were treated with arthroscopic debridement combined with microfracture surgery in the cartilage defect region, and then the clinical effect, clinical symptoms and Tenger sport score were detected. The patients were followed-up for 3-24 months. The articular cartilage defects patients treated with autologous osteochondral transplantation were followed-up. The effect of autologous osteochondral transplantation was evaluated through assessing the range of motion after transplantation, improvement of clinical symptoms and joint imaging examination. The animal experiment of allogeneic osteochondral transplantation for the treatment of articular cartilage defects was conducted to evaluate the effect of allogeneic osteochondral transplantation through general observation of transplantation site, histological and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the patients treated with arthroscopic microfracture technique, the total efficiency of joint debridement combined with microfracture surgery in the cartilage defect region was 89.7%. For the articular cartilage defects patients treated with autologous osteochondral transplantation, the symptoms of joint pain and swelling were improved, and the range of motion was normal with rest pain and slight pain after movement occasionally. Radiographic examination showed the transplanted osteochondral was in good position with good healing. In the experiment animals with articular cartilage defects after treated with allogeneic osteochondral transplantation, the range of motion was normal, transplanted articular surface was finishing, the articular cartilage was covered with hyaline cartilage, and the cells were arranged in order; there was cartilage matrix secretion, and the collagen type II in the repaired articular cartilage was strongly positive with immunohistochemical staining. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics