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12 August 2012, Volume 16 Issue 33 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Early joint activities effect on the tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligamen reconstruction in a rabbit model Chen Bo-jian, Liu Jun, Xu Shu-chai, Wang Sheng-xian 2012, 16 (33):  6081-6086.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.001 Abstract ( 546 )   PDF (676KB) ( 514 )   Save BACKGROUND: Allograft can be used as the selection for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and the repair of knee joint compound injury. . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of early activities on the tissue morphology of tendon-to-bone healing of allograft and the recovery of joint function via the establishment of ligament allograft transplantation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model. METHODS: Nine healthy adult New Zealand rabbits were selected. Three of them were collected and their bilateral achilles tendons served as donors. Then, six rabbits were collected and their one side of the anterior cruciate ligament of knee joints was cut off. Next, the anterior cruciate ligament was reconstructed. After that the anterior cruciate ligament was randomized into activity group and inactivity group. Finally, joint function and tendon-to-bone healing were observed by gross and histological observation at week 6 after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of observation showed that surgical limb activities were normal, and all rabbits’ anterior cruciate ligament end points were healed well; the synovium around the anterior cruciate ligament were found obviously hyperplasy. Besides, More Sharpey fibers were observed in the activity group. Moreover, tendon bone formed and connected indirectly. While obvious Sharpey fibers were not seen in the inactivity group. These findings suggest that at week 6 after surgery, tendon-to-bone healing was found after allograft reconstruction. Early activities not only have no significant adverse effects on tendon-to-bone healing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, but also may be more favorable. Related Articles | Metrics

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Perlecan antibody can inhibit synthesis and secretion of transforming growth factor beta 1 in osteoblasts cultured in vitro Tian Zhao-yan, Ye Fa-gang, Chu Yan-chen 2012, 16 (33):  6087-6090.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.002 Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (521KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Up to now, there are few reports about the action mechanism of perlecan underlying fracture healing as well as effects of perlecan on proliferation of osteoblasts by regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of perlecan on synthesis and secretion of TGF-β1 in osteoblasts from the calvaria of fetal rats cultured in vitro. METHODS: Osteoblast-like cells were isolated from the calvaria of SD fetal rats and cultured. The cultured cells were identified using alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Then, the cells were divided into control and perlecan block groups. The synthesis and secretion of TGF-β1 was examined by using immunohistochemical method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The level of TGFβ1 was significantly lower in the perlecan block group than the control group (P < 0.05). Perlecan antibody could inhibit the synthesis and secretion of TGFβ1 in osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of bone age in adolescents from coastal and inland areas in Shandong Province Liang Shao-hua, Liu Feng-chun 2012, 16 (33):  6091-6096.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.003 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (313KB) ( 376 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone age is the best reference to reflect adolescents’ epiphyseal maturity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the development of long bones in the knee and ankle joints of adolescents between coastal and inland areas, and to comparatively study the tendency of their skeletal development. METHODS: Healthy Han adolescents aged 9-19 years were randomly selected from Shandong Province, including 2 377 in coastal areas and 3 235 in inland areas. Three growth indicators, such as height, weight and chest circumstance were measured. The bones in the knee and ankle joints were radiated in anterior-posterior position to detect epiphysis-diaphysis time of the long bones. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The height, weight and chest circumstance were not significantly different in male and female adolescents between coastal and inland areas. But the values between the two areas were obviously different in the same age group. The epiphysis-diaphysis fusion time of the long bones in coastal areas was earlier than that in inland areas. Studies have shown that the growth and development of adolescents in coastal areas is more advanced than that in inland areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Local expression of type I collagen fibers and changes of bone mineral density in callus tissues of diabetic rats during early fracture healing Li Xi, Xiang Ying-ying, Gong Yue-kun, Liu Jin-song 2012, 16 (33):  6097-6101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.004 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (491KB) ( 526 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that local callus formation is poor in diabetic patients during fracture healing process, and the proliferation ability of osteoblasts decrease, resulting in delayed union or nonunion. Type I collagen fibers and calcium are the main components of the callus. OBJECTIVE: To observe the local expression of type I collagen fibers and changes of bone mineral density in callus tissues of diabetic rats during early fracture healing so as to analyze the reasons for delayed union or nonunion. METHODS: Ten rats received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce diabetic models, and another 10 rats served as controls undergoing intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of normal saline. Oblique fracture of the right tibia was induced in all the rats. Callus was taken for measurement at 1, 2, 4, 6 weeks after injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the control group, X-ray displayed callus formation, and fracture healing was significantly better than that in the model group (P < 0.01). In these two groups, the expression of type I collagen fibers showed an upward trend, reached its peak at week 2, decreased at week 4 and further declined from week 6 on. In the model group, the expression of type I collagen fibers and bone mineral density was increased but lower than those in the control group (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that the callus formation decreased during fracture healing in diabetic rats, and the increased range of type I collagen fibers and bone mineral density in the callus had a synchronous decline. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of puerarin on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro Wang Chang, Tang Xu-lei, Chen Ke-ming, Zhang Li 2012, 16 (33):  6102-6106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.005 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (497KB) ( 521 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoblasts play a key role in the process of bone metabolic balance. Phytoestrogen plays an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Puerarin acts as a kind of phytoestrogen, but the effect of puerarin with large range of concentrations on the function of osteoblasts in vitro is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of puerarin on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. METHODS: The crania of Wistar rats which were born within 24 hours were obtained in aseptic condition. After enzyme digestion, isolation, purification and identification of osteoblasts, the cultured osteoblasts were randomly divided into control group and experimental groups treated with 10-3-10-10 mol/L puerarin. And then the effects of puerarin with various concentrations on proliferation of osteoblasts cultured in vitro and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treated with 10-5-10-9mol/L puerarin, the proliferation of osteoblasts and the but it began to decrease at day 4; the alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased as compared with the control group (P < 0.05), and the proliferation of osteoblasts was fastest at day 3 (P < 0.01), but it began to decrease at day 4; the alkaline phosphatase activity between the control and experimental groups had no significant difference after inducement for 4 days (P < 0.01). However, proliferation of osteoblasts and the alkaline phosphatase activity in the 10-3 mol/L puerarin group were decreased as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that puerarin has a double-way effect on the in vitro osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Low-dose puerarin (10-5-10-8 mol/L) can show positive functions on the forming of osteoblasts, but high-dose puerarin (10-3-10-4 mol/L) can inhibit bone formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro experimental study on the healing of meniscus injury between mature and immature swines Dai Zhu, Yang Le-zhong, Chen Zhi-wei, Liu Chun-lei 2012, 16 (33):  6107-6110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.006 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (469KB) ( 471 )   Save BACKGROUND: The reason why the healing of immature meniscus injury is better than that of mature meniscus is the richer blood supply in immature meniscus than in mature meniscus in traditional opinion. OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences in the interface healing of meniscus injury between mature and immature swine through in vitro organ culture models and to investigate the underlying mechanism of the healing of meniscus injury. METHODS: The medial and lateral meniscuses were harvested from the posterior knees of local mature swine (6 months old) and local immature swine (1 month old) after death. The specimens were divided into mature group and immature group with 32 specimens in each group. A full-thickness tear model was established. The specimens were cultured in vitro for 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks. Tear interface healing was investigated by using histology analysis and semi-quantitative scores were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the mature group, no reparative response was observed in all specimens except two specimens showed little reparative tissue at the interface at week 6 after culture. In the immature group: a few reparative tissues could be observed in three specimens at week 2 after culture; reparative response was observed in all specimens and bridge linking could be found in three specimens at week 4 after culture; the defects vanished in five specimens and bridge linking could be found in another three specimens at week 6 after culture. Semi-quantitative scores in the immature group were both higher than those in the mature group at weeks 4 and 6 after culture (P < 0.05). Significant differences could be found at all the time points except for 0 and 2 weeks (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that excluding the influence of vascular supply, synovium and cell factors in in vitro organ culture models, the reason why the healing potential in the immature meniscus is superior may contribute to its better meniscal healing than mature meniscus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of polydatin on the biological features of cultured fibroblasts Bian Hui-ning, Sun Chuan-wei, Chen Hua-de, Zheng Shao-yi, Liu Zu-an, Lai Wen 2012, 16 (33):  6111-6115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.007 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (466KB) ( 559 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polydatin has been widely used for treatment of burns and trauma. For its complicated composition, it is difficult to further study the specific pharmacological effects of polydatin. There is no study about local treatment of wound healing with polydatin. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of polydatin with different concentrations on the biological features of cultured fibroblasts. METHODS: Fibroblasts were obtained by the explants culture of human skin and subcultured from four patients treated with scar excision skin grafting after burns. The second passage fibroblasts were cultured in culture media with varied doses of polydatin (10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 10-3, 10-2 mol/L respectively). Cultured media without polydatin was as control. The proliferation of cultured fibroblasts in vitro was detected by MTT test. The cellular cycle and the apoptosis percent were measured by flow cytometry. ELISA method was used to detect the expression of secreted collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ and fibronectin in supernatant. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polydatin with the concentration of 10-5 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L could enhance fibroblast proliferation in vitro. The absorbance value in 10-2 mol/L polydatin group was decreased and the cell growth was inhibited. Polydatin with the concentration of 10-3 mol/L could block the cellular cycle in S phase. Polydatin with the concentration of 10-2 mol/L could induce cells to apoptosis. The expressions of collagen Ⅰ, collagen Ⅲ were significantly increased in 10-2 mol/L polydatin group when compared with other groups (P < 0.05); the expression of fibronectin was significantly increased in 10-2 mol/L polydatin group when compared with control group (P < 0.05), and when compared with other polydatin groups, the expression of fibronectin was decreased (P < 0.05). Low concentration of polydation could promote fibroblast proliferation and protect the cells from apoptosis, and it could also improve the expression, synthesis and secretion of fibronectin. To fibroblasts, the optimal concentration of polydatin is 10-5 mol/L and 10-4 mol/L Related Articles | Metrics

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Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes the proliferation of cultured adult human articular chondrocytes in vitro Su Xiao-chuan, Wang Yi-sheng, Guo Yan-xing, Cao Xiang-yang 2012, 16 (33):  6116-6120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.008 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (593KB) ( 457 )   Save BACKGROUND: The main active ingredient of ginseng saponins is ginsenoside Rg1 that has the advantages of promoting cell proliferation, anti-aging, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-free radical. However, the previous experimental objects are often the articular chondrocytes of mice, rabbits and other animals. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the proliferation of in vitro cultured adult articular chondrocytes. METHODS: The adult articular chondrocytes were cultured in vitro and divided into two groups: experimental group and control group. The experimental group was cultured with DMEM medium containing 40 mg/L ginsenoside Rg1, and the control group was cultured only with DMEM culture medium. After enzyme digestion, blood count plate was used to count cells, and cell growth curve plotted daily to the 7th day was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. Type Ⅱ collagen expression in chondrocytes was detected on the 6th day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 2 days of incubation, cells in the control group entered the logarithmic growth phase, and on the 7 th day, the cells number was about eight times that on the inoculation day. The cell proliferation capacity of the experimental group enhanced after 2 days, which was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and on the 7 th day, the number of cells was about 18 times that on the inoculation day (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical SABC results showed that both groups had type Ⅱ collagen expression in the cytoplasm, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Ginsenoside Rg1 could promote the proliferation of articular chondrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of glucosamine on chondrocyte proteoglycan metabolism induced by interleukin-1 beta in human osteoarthritis cultured in vitro Yang Jian-hui, Lü Jian-guo, Nie Hui-yong, Shen Xiao-dong 2012, 16 (33):  6121-6126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.009 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (463KB) ( 504 )   Save BACKGROUND: Proteolysis of proteoglycan and collagen fiber is the prime basis of physiology and pathology for osteoarthritis. Glucosamine cannot only reduce the pain symptoms but also delay the pathological changes of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To know about the effects of glucosamine on chondrocyte proteoglycan metabolism induced by interleukin -1β in human osteoarthritis cultured in vitro. METHODS: Chondrocytes extracted from the knee of osteoarthritis patients were primarily cultured by staged enzymatic digestion method. Interleukin-1β was put into the culture medium, and three groups were formed: control group with no medicated rabbit-sera, interleukin-1β control group and experimental group (medicated rabbit-sera were put in various dosages of glucosamine). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The percentage of glycosaminoglycanin released in culture solution in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and glycosaminoglycanin percentage decreased gradually with the increase of glucosamine concentrations. Average value of synthesis marker 3B3 of proteoglycan was obviously increased compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and there was a positive relation with glucosamine concentrations. But the average value of degradation marker 5D4 was inverse. Glucosamine could increase the expression of chondrocyte proteoglycan mRNA and decrease the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1/matrix metalloproteinase-3 mRNA in the osteoarthritis patients. It shows that glucosamine can inhibit promoting effect of Interleukin-1β on chondrocyte proteoglycan metabolism in osteoarthritis patients to protect the cartilage and prevent osteoarthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of resistance training on p53 and bax gene expression in the skeletal muscle of aging mice Wang Li-feng, Li Hai-peng, Lu Jian 2012, 16 (33):  6127-6131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.010 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (402KB) ( 470 )   Save BACKGROUND: Resistance training can alleviate muscle attenuation and weaken the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of aging and resistance training on the expression of p53 and bax genes in the skeletal muscle of SAMP-8 mice. METHODS: SAMP-8 mice aged 3 months and 6 months were selected to undergo 8-week ladder movement (three times per week). Another mice at the same age without movement served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Real-time PCR showed that p53 and bax mRNA expression increased significantly in the skeletal muscle fibers of 3-month-old mice than 6-month-old mice (P < 0.05). However, compared with those at the same age, p53 and bax mRNA expression in the skeletal muscle fibers decreased significantly in mice undergoing ladder movements (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that resistance movements can suppress p53 and bax gene expression in the skeletal muscle of aging mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 and its serine 307 site phosphorylation in rat skeletal muscle with polycystic ovary syndrome An Guang-li, Wang Luan, Ma Rui-xin 2012, 16 (33):  6132-6136.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.011 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (419KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: Increased serine 307 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 is involved in the occurrence of insulin resistance in the skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 and its serine 307 phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle of polycystic ovary syndrome rats. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to model group and control group. Insulin and human chorionic gonadotrophin were administered to the model group rats which were fed with high fat diet and 50 g/L glucose solution. The rats in the control group were given normal diet and injected normal saline daily. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while its serine 307 phosphorylation increased obviously (P < 0.05) in the model group at 6 weeks after intervention. These findings suggest that reduction of insulin receptor substrate1 protein expression and increase of its serine 307 phosphorylation are closely related with the occurrence of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide on the formation of skin scar Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide on the formation of skin scar 2012, 16 (33):  6137-6142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.012 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (538KB) ( 609 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nimesulide is a kind of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor that can influence the inflammation through inhibiting the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin and the release of leukocytes media, which has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effect and mechanism of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide on the formation of skin scar in mice. METHODS: The models of skin wound were established and divided into four groups: model group, 25 μmol/L nimesulide group, 50 μmol/L nimesulide group and 100 μmol/L nimesulide group. The incisions were treated with 0.5 mL sodium hyaluronate, 25, 50 and 100 μmol/L nimesulide sodium hyaluronate dispersed preparation respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nimesulide have significant impact on the skin wound healing, the scar area was significantly decreased in 25 μmol/L nimesulide group and 50 μmol/L nimesulide group (P < 0.01), but the scar area in the 100 μmol/L nimesulide group was increased (P < 0.05). The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 in the nimesulide groups were significantly decreased at 3, 7 and 14 days after wound formation when compared with the model group, and the microvessel density in the 50 μmol/L nimesulide group and 100 μmol/L nimesulide group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Appropriate application of nimesulide has a positive effect on surgical wound in mice, and can reduce the pathological scar formation. But the overdose of nimesulide (100 μmol/L) can inhibit the healing of the wounds. The mechanism may be to decrease the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the formation of capillary vessels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of curcumin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the aqueous humor of a rabbit corneal alkali burn model 武海军，马俊起 2012, 16 (33):  6143-6146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.013 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (408KB) ( 502 )   Save BACKGROUND: A model of stable corneal neovascularization is a regulation mechanism for corneal neovascularation. There are inhibitory and protective effects of curcumin on corneal neovascularization burned by alkali. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of curcumin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-α) in aqueous humor at different times after alkali burn of cornea. METHODS: Thirty-three New Zealand white rabbits were included and divided into three groups: normal group (three rabbits collected randomly), control group (15 rabbits) and intervention group (15 rabbits). Rabbits models of corneal neovascularization (CNV) induced by alkali burn were established in control and intervention groups. Rabbits in the control group were received normal saline on the right eyes, and rabbits in the intervention group were received curcumin on the left eyes. CNV and corneal opacity were observed by slit lamp photography. The expressions of VEGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humor before and after using curcumin were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbnent Assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No CNV was found in the control group. Compared with the control group, CNV of the intervention group was inhibited and corneal opacity was slighter (P < 0.05). The expressions of VEGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humor were showed in these three groups, but the expressions of VEGF and TNF-α of the control and invention groups were significant higher than those of the normal group, and the intervention group was lower than the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that curcumin can inhibit the growth of CNV after alkaline burn in rabbit cornea through effectively reducing the expressions of VEGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humor after corneal alkali burn. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfection on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells Li Li-heng, Gao Yan-fei 2012, 16 (33):  6147-6151.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.014 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (372KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human periodontal ligament cells are one of the ideal seed cells in periodontal tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfection with recombinant adeno-associated virus as a vector on the proliferation and cell cycle of cultured human periodontal ligament cells in vitro. METHODS: Human periodontal ligament cells cultured in vitro were transfected with basic fibroblast growth factor gene mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus, and then the transfected cells were divided into three groups: control group, recombinant adeno-associated virus group and basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfection group. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot were used to assess the gene and protein expression of basic fibroblast growth factor before and after transfection. Cellular proliferation was determined by the cell growth curve and MTT assay. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no basic fibroblast growth factor expression in the control and recombinant adeno-associated virus groups. After transfection, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor mRNA and protein was found in the basic fibroblast growth factor gene transfection group, the cell growth was accelerated, the cell cycle of G0/G1 phase was decreased and cell number in S phase was increased. There was a significant difference among the groups (P < 0.05). Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a recombinant adenovirus vector of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha gene and its expression in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes Hou Ning, Yuan Wen-chang, Luo Cheng-feng, Liu Qi-cai, Luo Jian-dong 2012, 16 (33):  6152-6157.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.015 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (607KB) ( 524 )   Save BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor α (PPARα) has been thought as a key nuclear transcription factor in the regulation of cardiac free fatty acid metabolism, which may be involved in the determination of substrate utilization during the development of cardiac dysfunction. Sustained-overexpression of PPARα mediated by adenovirus vector can contribute to clarify the mechanisms of cardiac metabolism dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To construct an adenovirus vector carrying rat PPARα gene and to observe its expression in primary neonatal cardiomyocytes. METHODS: The full-length of PPARα gene cDNA was acquired by reverse transcription-PCR from the rat liver and cloned into shuttle plasmid pAd-Track-CMV. After linearization with pme Ⅰ, the recombinant shuttle plasmid (pAd-Track-CMV-PPARα) was transformed into E.coli BJ5183 by electroporation to construct the recombinant adenovirus plasmid AdEasy-track-CMV-PPARα. The recombinant adenovirus plasmid was linearized and transfected into HEK293 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 for packaging and amplification. The adenovirus particles were further purified, quantified, and sequentially transfected to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The transfection efficiency of recombinant adenovirus was observed by fluorescent microscope. The expression of PPARα was detected by quantified PCR and western-blot method at 48 hours after delivery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus vector of PPARα was successfully constructed with a high yield of 3.5×1011 pfu/L. It was successfully transfected into cardiomyocytes (over 90%) observed by fluorescent microscope. The mRNA and protein expression of PPARα were markedly increased in the transfected cardiomyocytes. The construction of recombinant adenovirus vector could facilitate further investigation on the role of PPARα gene in the progression of cardiac metabolism dysfunction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 on skin carcinoma induced by long-term midwave ultraviolet irradiation Xu Xue-zhu, Tang Yun, Jiang Li-li, Li Xue-li, Yang Hong-mei, Kawachi Yasuhiro, Otsuka Fjio 2012, 16 (33):  6158-6163.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.016 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (610KB) ( 487 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet irradiation is an important environmental factor causing skin tumor, which is associated with the induction of oxidatie stress reaction. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcription factor to adjust cellular antioxidant responses and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 is the specific receptor, and the relation of Nrf2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 antioxidant system and skin ultraviolet damage is close recently. OBJECTIVE: To observe the DNA oxidative damage and photocarcinogenesis by ultraviolet irradiation on the skin of the mice, and to research the effect of Nrf2 transcription factor on skin carcinoma induced by long-term midwave ultraviolet irradiation. METHODS: Female 8-week-ofd Nrf2 gene-deficient (Nrf2-/-) BALB/c mice and age-matched female wild-type (Nrf2+/+) BALB/c mice were selected, then the midwave ultraviolet irradiation of 100 mJ/cm2 was given to the back of mice for 4 hours; ultraviolet irradiation of 300 mJ/cm2 was given to the back of mice three times a week for 36 weeks RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine positive in Nrf2-/- mice was significantly higher than that in Nrf2+/+ mice (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Nrf2-/- and Nrf2+/+ mice in the mean number of tumors per animal and the incidence rate of tumors (P > 0.05). The histopathology of skin tumors was similar in two groups. This result indicates that Nrf2 has antioxidant protective effect on acute ultraviolet irradiation-induced DNA oxidative damage, there may be various factors regulating the activity of Nrf2 transcription factor in chronic ultraviolet irradiation carcinogenic process, and it needs many further studies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury models in experimental rats Ji Xiao-wei, Wang Dong, Zhang Shuang, Meng Qing-bo 2012, 16 (33):  6164-6168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.017 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (460KB) ( 610 )   Save BACKGROUND: Uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury can lead to energy metabolism dysfunction, formation of a large number of free radicals and apoptosis, etc. OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple, functional and reliable rat model of uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Fifty healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The uterine ischemia group (three groups): uterus artery of the models in the uterine ischemia group 1 was ligatured for 45 minutes by suture method after laparotomy, celiac artery of the models in uterine ischemia group 2 was ligatured for 30 minutes and the celiac artery of the models in uterine ischemia group 3 was ligatured for 45 minutes. In uterine ischemia-reperfusion group, the celiac artery was ligatured for 45 minutes by suture method after laparotomy and then reperfusion for 60 minutes. In sham-operation group, the uterine blood supply artery was not blocked. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The uterine artery slim was due to the tight ligation, uterine artery rupture was due to the loose ligation which could not fully block the blood, so these two methods were not suitable to establish a uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury model. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that uterine cells and stroma was swelling, and neatly arranged muscle fibers could be seen after the celiac artery was ligatured for 30 minutes; in uterine ischemia-reperfusion group and celiac artery ligation for 45 minutes group, significant edema could be seen in the uterine cells and stroma cells, the exudation was increased and the muscle fiber was arranged in disorder, a massive neutrophil infiltration could be seen. Spectrophotometer detection showed that the content of uterine malondialdehyde was significantly increased in uterine ischemia-reperfusion group and celiac artery ligation for 45 minutes group (P < 0.01). It indicated that the rat uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury model could be established through reperfusion after the celiac artery was ligatured for 30 minutes by suture method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Improved four-vessel occlusion method in establishing a cat model of global brain ischemia and reperfusion injury Lin Lü-biao, Lin Xu-yan, Xu Yi-min, Xiao Zhe 2012, 16 (33):  6169-6172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.018 Abstract ( 422 )   PDF (385KB) ( 756 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method is mainly applied to prepare global brain ischemia and reperfusion injury models in mice, rats and other small animals. It is little used in the preparation of big animal models, and the relative anatomical documentation is of deficiency. OBJECTIVE: To explore the improved four-vessel occlusion method for preparation of global brain ischemia and reperfusion injury models of cats. METHODS: Referring to Pulsinelli four-vessel occlusion method, reforming of operation was proposed that bilateral vertebral arteries between the pterygoid process and transverse process of axes were blocked forever by electric coagulation. After that, bilateral carotid arteries were blocked temporarily. When resting brain wave appeared on active electroencephalogram, the brains of cats were considered as global ischemia. After 15 minutes of ischemia, the brains of cats were impaired by reperfusion. Arteries of cats in sham operated group were exposed but not electrically coagulated or blocked. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-five models were successful, one was unsuccessful, and four cats were dead. The achievement ratio was 83%. The appearance of ischemic brain tissues was typical tardive neuron necrosis. The improved four-vessel occlusion method is effective to establish global brain ischemia and reperfusion injury models in cats with high achievement ratio. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of two types of cerebral palsy models in rats He Yuan-yuan, Luan Zuo, Tang Jiu-lai, Yang Yin-xiang, Hao Qing-fei, Du Qing-an, Lu Ya-bin, Ning Hao-yong 2012, 16 (33):  6173-6178.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.019 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (566KB) ( 460 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, studies about cerebral palsy models mainly focus on fetal distress, perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, bilirubin encephalopathy and infection; however, there is no obvious brain damage sequela. Combined fetal exposure to lipopolysaccharide and early neonatal hypoxia/ischemia is a new way to construct cerebral palsy models. OBJECTIVE: To construct a novel type of cerebral palsy model in rats induced by intrauterine infection at late pregnancy and hypoxia combined with sequential hypoxia-ischemia and to evaluate the advantages of this model. METHODS: All pregnant rats and their later offspring were divided into experimental group 1, experimental group 2 and control group. The pregnant rats were injected with lipopolysaccharide (i.p.) in the experimental groups and normal saline in the control group every two days, from pregnant day 16 until delivery. Four hours after injection, the experimental groups were exposed to O2/N2 mixture for 2.5 hours. On postnatal day 7, bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated in the experimental group 1. On postnatal days 14 and 28, immature rats in the three groups were tested by weight, crawling ladder, modified neurological severity scores and open-field test and pathological section. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the experimental group 1, the body mass was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.01), and the number of drop down in crawling ladder test and modified neurological severity scores were significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The distance in crawling ladder test and open field test was the shortest in the experimental group 1 at day 28. The rats in the experimental group 1 showed slow growth and development, instable muscle force and delayed reflection (P < 0.05). Neurons in the gray matter arranged in disorder, the white matter became thinner and inflammatory cells infiltrated. The rats in the experimental group 2 were not as serious as those in the experimental group 1. These findings indicate that, in late pregnancy, intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia with postnatal bilateral common carotid artery ligation can build a new stable rat model of cerebral palsy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of vacuum aspiration with repair and regeneration of rat injured sciatic nerve Liu Hua, Wang Ping-shan, Xie Chen, Xu Bin, Cao Xue-cheng 2012, 16 (33):  6179-6183.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.020 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (544KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: Repair of peripheral nerve defects is the current challenge in traumatic surgery and reconstructive surgery. The present hotspot in this field is how to promote neural regeneration. Several common methods have their own defects or limitations, such as nerve transplantation, nerve elongation, nerve bridging and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of vacuum aspiration on promoting the repair and regeneration of rat sciatic nerve at different pressures. METHODS: Thirty healthy adult SD rats were divided into three groups following different pressures (6.65, 13.30 and 19.95 kPa) on the proximal end of the right sciatic nerve after transection in rats sucked by vacuum aspiration. After vacuum aspiration for 60 minutes, there was a rest of 30 minutes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment for 1 month, the proximal nerve at the experimental side was found different degrees of growth. Moreover, growth length in 13.30 kPa group was longer than that in 6.65 and 19.95 kPa groups. Histological observation showed that in the proximal end of regenerated nerves, neuraxis was straight, little curved, and thickness was uniform, besides, the myelin sheath was well consecutive, and the growth of regenerated nerves was good. In the middle part, nerve fibers were compact and arranged in cluster. In the distal end, myelin sheath components were reduced, and hyperplasia of schwann cells could be observed obviously. These results suggest that vacuum aspiration can promote the regeneration of rat sciatic nerve. In addition, vacuum aspiration at 13.30 kPa exhibits more effective for nerve regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of synovium interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and leukotriene level changes to injection timing in rabbits with papain-induced knee osteoarthritis Sun Lu-ning, Huang Gui-cheng, Zhao Yan-hua, Xia Jian-long 2012, 16 (33):  6184-6188.  Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (512KB) ( 663 )   Save BACKGROUND: A stable degenerative knee osteroarthritis model in rabbits can be established by the induction of papain. OBJECTIVE: To ivestigate the relationships of the level changes of synovium interleukin-1 interleukin-6 and leukotriene to injection time in rabbits with knee osteoarthritis induced by intraarticular injection of papain. METHODS: Totally 18 New Zealand male white rabbits were divided into 2 weeks group, 4 weeks group and 6 weeks group randomly (6 rabbits in each group). Papain solution was injected into the right knee joint cavity of each rabbits at days 1, 4 and 7, and rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis was established. The rabbits of corresponding groups were killed at weeks 2, 4 and 6 after first injection. And then, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and leukotriene concentrations of right knee synovium were examined. Normal rabbit left knee synovium of the 2 weeks group were examined simultaneously as the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Level of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and leukotriene at week 2 was higher than those of the control group. There was significant difference between the former two groups (P < 0.05). In terms of the levels of interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and leukotriene, there was no significant difference between the 4 week and 2 week groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference between the 6 week group and the control group in the level of interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 (P > 0.05). The leukotriene of the week 6 group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05), and was lower than that of the 4 week group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the level changes of synovial inflammatory factors in rabbit knee joint are significantly increased within 4 weeks after the first injection of papain. Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between the morphologies and physiological function of adherent and microencapsulated Sertoli cells Zhang Guo-jing, Zhao Jia, Jin Jie, Lu Xin, Shi Xiao-lin 2012, 16 (33):  6189-6193.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.022 Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (472KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro culture has been a main method for studying the living cells. However, there is a big difference in the morphology of the cells and growth environment between in vitro and in vivo. So it is unclear whether the bioactivity of cells in vitro can reflect precisely the cell growth in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between the morphologies of the cells cultured in vitro and their physiological function. METHODS: Different morphologies of mouce Sertoli cells were cultured in vitro. One of morphologies was the growth of cell adherence, and the cells were flat; another cells grew in microcapsule, which showed sphere. Culture solution from the two kinds of morphologies of SCs was taken out, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was finished for obtaining the corresponding electrophoretic band. And then, the molecular weight of protein was calculated to ascertain which kind of protein secreted by Sertoli cells with different morphologies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 14 electrophoretic bands from the growth of cell adherence with flat Sertoli cells, and the molecular weight of protein distributed from 17×103 to 158×103. There were 10 electrophoretic bands from the cell growth in microcapsule with spherical Sertoli cells, and the molecular weight of protein distributed from 17×103 to 58×103. These findings suggest that there are differences between the quantity and the kind of protein which is secreted by Sertoli cells with different morphologies. There are obvious correlations between the morphologies of the cells cultured in vitro and their physiological function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymorphism of HLA-DQB1 alleles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients Lu Liang, Lü Zhen 2012, 16 (33):  6194-6198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.023 Abstract ( 515 )   PDF (422KB) ( 482 )   Save BACKGROUND: Correlation studies between HLA-DQB1 gene and nasopharyngeal carcinoma are constrained by expensive imported reagents; on the other hand, the genotyping of HLA-DQB1 at exon 2 is ambiguous, and the results are less. OBJECTIVE: To apply the direct sequencing genotyping method of HLA-DQB1 gene at exons 2 and 3. METHODS: 286 samples from voluntary healthy donors and 46 samples from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were included. Gentra DNA extraction reagent was applied to prepare genomic DNA. 100 samples from healthy donors served as parallel control group for genotyping. We explored the most suitable conditions for PCR amplification and sequencing reaction of HLA-DQB1 allele exons 2 and 3. Post-process HLA-DQB1 gene sequencing parting kit was used for one-way parallel controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of 100 samples as the parallel control are consistent with those of HLA-SBT genotyping. For 286 healthy samples, 13 HLA-DQB1 alleles were detected and 27 HLA-DQB1 alleles were homozygous in unrelated healthy individuals. Eleventh HLA-DQB1 alleles were detected, and five HLA-DQB1 alleles were homozygous in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The frequency of HLA-DQB1*02:01 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma C patients was higher than that in unrelated healthy individuals; however, the frequency distribution of HLA-DQB1 alleles had not significant differences between the two groups (x2 < 3.84, P > 0.05). No significant association between the HLA-DQB1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma was confirmed. These findings indicate that the method for HLA-DQB1 genotype from the Chinese Han population is easy to operate with stable results and low cost. Related Articles | Metrics

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Orbscan Ⅱ versus Pentacam anterior eye segment analysis systems for measurement of corneal power before and after refractive surgery Yang Lei, Guo Hai-ke, Zeng Jin 2012, 16 (33):  6199-6205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.024 Abstract ( 470 )   PDF (483KB) ( 474 )   Save BACKGROUND: Orbscan Ⅱ anterior eye segment analysis system and Pentacam anterior eye segment analysis system can both measure the cornea power before and after refractive surgery. But the consistency and accuracy of the two mentioned above remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: Using the two kinds of anterior eye segment analysis systems to measure the cornea power before and after refractive surgery, and to analyze the reliability of the two instruments and the effect of corneal refractive surgery on morphology of posterior corneal surface. METHODS: Sixty-nine cases of myopia (136 eyes) who were continuously treated in the Refractive Surgery Center of Peoples Hospital of Guangdong Province from 2010-02/04 were included. Thirty-three cases (65 eyes) received laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and 36 cases (71 eyes) underwent laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). Then, Orbscan Ⅱ and Pentacam anterior eye segment analysis systems were used to measure posterior and anterior corneal power. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in anterior/posterior corneal power measurements between the two instruments. The consistency was well. OrbscanⅡ found that posterior coneal power became smaller after LASIK/LASEK; while Pentacam found no significant difference. There was a linear correlation between the change values of posterior cornear power and residual bed thickness. These findings suggest that the results measured by Orbscan Ⅱ and Pentacam anterior eye segment analysis systems cannot replace each other. For posterior corneal power, Pentacam anterior eye segment analysis system showed low measurements before refractive surgery, but the measurements were converse after refractive surgery. Besides, Orbscan Ⅱ found posterior surface protrusion, but Pentacam did not. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploring population structure using principal components analysis for common variants Yang Zheng, Hua Lin, Liu Hong 2012, 16 (33):  6206-6210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.025 Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (396KB) ( 433 )   Save BACKGROUND: Common variants play important roles in the population stratification and population structure studies. OBJECTIVE: To explore population structure using principal components analysis for common variants. METHODS: In this study, we extracted the first two principal components from the common variants, and performed classification to seven populations using random forest algorithm. In addition, we mined gene function by performing KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis to those genes showing the highest loading in the first two principal components, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that combining principal components analysis and random forest could improve the classification correct rate to 99.6%, suggesting that allele frequency differences between populations can be used to identify population structure. In addition, we also found the genes extracted by principal components analysis showed a certain functional aggregation, which approved that the methods of the present study could be used to direct molecule biology research and explore gene function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Voltage signal and serum protein concentration under certain conditions Xue Zhong-jin, Zhou Han-chang, Zhang Xue-jun, Gao Zhi-qiang, Feng Qiao-ling 2012, 16 (33):  6211-6214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.026 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (392KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: The quantitative determination of protein in various fields has important significance. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between serum protein concentration and resonance scattering light intensity METHODS: Excitation light irradiating of 405 nm was used on the mixture of Zn(II) tetracarboxy phthalocyanine and serum proteins solution. The resonance scattering light intensity was the strongest at 475 nm. The Si-PIN photodetector transformed the 475 nm light signals into voltage signals in order to study the relationship between voltage signal and protein concentration under certain conditions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experimental data about the mixture of Zn(II) tetracarboxy phthalocyanine in 2.0×10-4 mol/L and serum proteins solution had good linear relationship within the range from 10 to 50 g/L and the correlation coefficient r=0.993 9. The results were satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes skin wound healing and pediatric burn wound healing Wu Su-ying 2012, 16 (33):  6215-6222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.027 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (711KB) ( 439 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skin wound healing is a complex pathological process, and the research on the difficult healing of skin caused by trauma and post-traumatic infections is the clinical wound healing problem. There are many basic studies on basic fibroblast growth factor promoting skin wound healing, but the clinical studies are rare. OBJECTIVE: To multi-levelly analyze the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor in promoting skin wound healing and to explore the application efficacy in pediatric burn wound healing. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed in CNKI database from January 2002 to December 2011 for the literatures on the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor in promoting skin wound healing. The key words were “basic fibroblast growth factor, wound healing” in Chinese. The data characteristics were analyzed by the analysis capabilities of the database and Excel chart function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 228 literatures on the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor in promoting skin wound healing obtained in the CNKI database from 2001 to 2011, and the number of literatures was in the stable development trend. A total of 26 literatures were obtained in the Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research, and most of the literatures were published by the 304 Hospital of Chinese PLA. The 76 literatures on the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor in promoting skin wound healing were supported by 16 projects. Most of the literatures were supported by the “National Key Basic Research Development Planning Project (973)” and “National Natural Science Foundation of China”. The literatures related to the application of basic fibroblast growth factor in pediatric burn wound healing are rare, but the experimental results show the effect is good, indicating that basic fibroblast growth factor plays an important role in promoting the pediatric Ⅱ degree burn wound healing without adverse reaction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of in vitro reconstruction of engineered cardiac tissue Sun Juan, Zhang Yu, Zhang Xi-zheng 2012, 16 (33):  6223-6227.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.028 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (599KB) ( 521 )   Save BACKGROUND: “Engineered cardiac tissue” is the application of tissue engineering method, and construct myocardium with natural characteristics; it can be transplanted into the body, and eventually repair or completely replace the damaged tissues. But the engineered cardiac tissue prepared in previous studies exist more defects, and can not meet the actual need. OBJECTIVE: To summarize research progresses of the method of reconstructing engineered cardiac tissue in vitro. METHODS: CNKI and Medline databases (2000/2010) were searched by first author with the key words of “myocardial construction materials, tissue engineering, myocardial” in Chinese and English, respectively. Four aspects of the seed cells, scaffold materials, culture environment and biological reaction system, engineering cardiac tissue revascularization and experimental transplantation were summarized. Aspects of different seed cells, biological scaffold materials, the in vitro culture environment and transplantation of revascularization engineering tissues were described. Totally 150 papers were searched, and 30 papers were included according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The keys of the reconstruction of engineered cardiac tissue are new-type bioactive scaffolds suitable to myocardial cell survival and myocardial cell formation, ideal seed cells, in vitro culture environment and biological reaction system, engineered tissue revascularization and animal transplantation experiments. The engineered cardiac tissue reconstructed should have good systolic function, stable electric physiological characteristics, mechanical strength and toughness as well as no immunogenicity, besides, it can be vascularized by itself or quickly vascularized after transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of platelet-rich plasma for bone repair and its mechanism Zhou Bin, Liao Qi 2012, 16 (33):  6228-6232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.029 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (572KB) ( 489 )   Save BACKGROUND: Presently, it is widely accepted that platelet-rich plasma can accelerate bone repair. However, the mechanism of platelet-rich plasma in promoting bone repair has not been clarified; the best method to apply the platelet-rich plasma is still not definite. OBJECTIVE: To review the application and mechanism of platelet-rich plasma on bone repair in recent years. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author in PubMed database and CNKI database to search papers about the application of platelet-rich plasma on bone repair and the mechanism of action. The key words were “platelet-rich plasma, growth factor, bone repair” in Chinese and English, respectively. The papers that did not meet the purposes of the author or obsolete and repeated were excluded. A total of 25 papers were included according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Platelet-rich plasma is highly concentrated plasma enriched with platelets and various growth factors. Generally, the combination of many high-concentration growth factors released from blood platelet degranulation during polymerization could stimulate bone formation and accelerate bone repair. The effect of single platelet-rich plasma for bone repair is inferior to that of platelet-rich plasma compound with other substances. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of malocclusion appliance therapy on maxillary growth Zhu Xiao-li, Hou Lu 2012, 16 (33):  6233-6237.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.030 Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (609KB) ( 611 )   Save BACKGROUND: For the past few years, the studies on effect of common oral appliance device have been down, in which the appliance classification, mechanism, indications and others are in great developments. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the situation and progression about common oral appliance in the early treatment of class Ⅲ malocclusion at home and abroad. METHODS: A computer based search of CNKI and PubMed (2003-01/2011-10) was perform to retrieve the related articles about the treatment of malocclusion. The keywords were “class Ⅲ malocclusion, early treatment, orthodontic device” in Chinese and English. Then 36 articles related to early treatment of class Ⅲ malocclusion were selected to write this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Common appliances include functional appliances, orthopedic appliances, and widely used removable appliances. The oral appliances have better effects on the early treatment of class Ⅲ malocclusion, but there are still some shortcomings. It is very important to select appliances based on patient’s age and degree of malocclusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cytokines and inflammatory mediators on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration Wang Xiao-ping, Ma Hua-song, Lu Ming, Qin Liu-hua, Ren Dong-yun, Niu Jing, Zheng Rui, Zhang Jing 2012, 16 (33):  6238-6242.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.031 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (679KB) ( 491 )   Save BACKGROUND: Analyzing the effect of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, and guide the clinical orthopedic surgeons for the prevention and treatment of degenerative disc disease. OBJECTIVE: To multi-level explore and analyze the effect of cytokines and inflammatory mediators on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed in CNKI database from January 2002 to December 2011 for the literatures related to the effect of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. The key words were “lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration, cytokines, inflammatory mediators” in Chinese, and the analysis capabilities of the database and Excel chart function were used to analyze the data characteristics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 76 articles related to the effect of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in the lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration were screened out from CNKI database from 2002 to 2011. The number of the literature was on an increasing trend. The research about the effect of cytokines and inflammatory mediators on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration mainly depended on immunohistochemistry, and most of the researches were about the quantitative, qualitative and accurate expression of inflammatory mediators. So the cytokines and inflammatory mediators play an important role in regulating the complex pathological process of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Matrix metalloproteinases and disc degeneration Jing Peng-wei, Liu Ze-han, He Xu, Gong Wei-xun, Wang Li-chun 2012, 16 (33):  6243-6247.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.032 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (500KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: The disruption of the extracellular disc matrix is a major hallmark of disc degeneration. This has previously been shown to be associated with an up-regulation of major matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity. However, until now hardly any data are available for matrix metalloproteinase regulation and thereby no concept exists as to which matrix metalloproteinase plays a major role in disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE: To understand the expression and role of matrix metalloproteinase in intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS: matrix metalloproteinase relevant articles from Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Medline database 2000/2010 were retrieved by the first author using key words “matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, disc, degeneration, spine, intervertebral” in Chinese and English. A total of 207 papers were retrieved. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 papers were included in the final. Then, the development of matrix metalloproteinase expression and regulation on intervertebral disc degeneration was studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUTION: With deeply research, matrix metalloproteinase may play an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration. There are some evidences to indicate that matrix metalloproteinase can accelerate the progression of disc excellular matrix degeneration Related Articles | Metrics

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Bibliometric analysis of international papers regarding neural regeneration He Lin, Du Xiao-li 2012, 16 (33):  6248-6252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.033 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (507KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, neural regeneration is one of the key concerning areas in biomedical research, and it plays an important role in the solution of aging and some major diseases. OBJECTIVE: To provide a decision reference for the domestic authors of neural regeneration and research funding agencies to understand the international situation of neural regeneration field. METHODS: A computer-based online of articles published from January 2001 to July 2011 related to neural regeneration was performed in ISI Web of Science database. Access software and Excel were used to download the original published 9 553 literatures. The citation frequency was 139 530, and the number of citing articles was 66 755. The core articles, journals and authors were analyzed using bibliometric research method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The top 10 most cited papers, top 10 journals publishing the most, top 10 countries publishing the most, top 10 agencies funding the most, and top 10 international institutions publishing the most were obtained. Reading these has important reference value in topic selection for researchers and research grants decision for national administrative departments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of microtubule-associated protein 2 on spinal cord development and damage repair Wang Shi-yun, Liu Xue-hong 2012, 16 (33):  6253-6256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.034 Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (489KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mcrotubule-associated protein 2 serves as one of specific marker proteins of neurons, and its expression activity to a certain extent reflects the evolution law of proliferation, differentiation and migration of spinal cord nerve cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular structure, biological function, expression and distribution law in spinal cord development and damage repair of mcrotubule-associated protein 2 to provide previous fundamental research in the transplantation of neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. METHODS: VIP and Wanfang databases were retrieved by computer with the key words of “spinal cord, microtubule-associated protein 2” in Chinese (1984/2012). At the same time, PubMed, Springer and e-book (full text) databases were retrieved with the key words of “spinal cord, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2)” in English (1984/2012). Totally 325 articles were retrieved, and finally 27 were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mcrotubule-associated protein 2 is not only a structural component of nerve cells, but also an active functional protein which participates in the process of neurons growth and damage repair; its expression intensities can reflect the developmental condition of spinal cord neurons. The descend of mcrotubule-associated protein 2 immune activity in spinal cord injury attracts increasing attention, and its high expression may play an important role in the reconstruction of synaptic structure and the compensation and repair of the injured nerve function. Through the test of the content and position of mcrotubule-associated protein 2, which could be used to study the proliferation, differentiation and migration of various human stem cells so as to explore the development and damage repair of central nervous system such as spinal cord. Related Articles | Metrics

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An animal model of osteosarcoma Li Hua, Yang Ying-nian 2012, 16 (33):  6257-6261.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.035 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (571KB) ( 1026 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scholars have established animal models of osteosarcoma through a variety of different methods to further study the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. OBJECTIVE: To review the establishing methods of osteosarcoma models, animal models of metastatic pulmonary osteosarcoma as well as the characteristics of these models. METHODS: A computer-based search of databases about animal models of osteosarcoma was performed, and finally 17 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteosarcoma models are classified into experimental animal models and spontaneous animal models. Current models of osteosarcoma mostly belong to experimental animal models. Methods to establish experimental animal models include radionuclides induction, chemical induction, bio-oncogenic factor induction, allograft and so on. There are three methods to screen metastatic pulmonary osteosarcoma and establish appropriate models: in vivo screening, in vitro screening, in vivo and in vitro screening. Establishment of osteosarcoma cell lines or animal models generally requires repeated in vitro subculture and in vivo screening. Scholars use the same method for model establishment, but their details of the establishing process are different. Therefore, there is no uniform understanding and standards for the stability of established animal models. Related Articles | Metrics

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Indirect calculation of body fat rate in male college students of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Guo Jie-hua, Hua Yan 2012, 16 (33):  6262-6266.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.036 Abstract ( 502 )   PDF (485KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Among the methods of measuring the body fat rate, underwater weighing method is regarded as gold standard. However, in view of its complicated experiment instrument and tedious technique, the underwater weighing method is hardly applied in the large-scale universities. Therefore, it is necessary to search a simple and concise indirect calculating method. OBJECTIVE: To establish a speculative equation of body fat rate among male college students based on the corelationship analysis between physical capacity parameters and body fat rates. METHODS: A total of 435 students were included and randomized into equation group (n=306) and testing group (n=129). The stepwise regression analysis was performed among the equation group to establish the speculative equation of fat rate with partial physical capacity parameters as the independent variables and the body fat weighed underwater as the dependent variables. The corresponding indexes of subjects in the testing group were used into the newly established equation to verify its credibility, and then a comparison between the newly established equation and equation established by Nagamine and Suzuki was further carried out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The speculative equation for body fat rate in male college students of Guangxi was established successfully. The validation results of the body fat rate equation established in this study showed that there were no significant differences between actual value and speculative value (P=0.150). There was significant difference between the newly established equation and the Japanese’s (P=0.003). The equation made by Nagamine and Suzuki is not suitable to the speculation of body fat rate in male college students in Guangxi. The tentative speculative equation for body fat rate in male college students of Guangxi is reliable by the stepwise regression analysis and verify based on the results of correlation analysis between physical capacity parameters and body fat rate, so it is suggested to apply into certain people. Related Articles | Metrics

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Developmental characteristics of flexion and extension muscles of the shoulder joint in 10-year-old children by using isokinetic test Xu Xiao-feng 2012, 16 (33):  6267-6270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.33.037 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (361KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: The shoulder joint is the most flexible joint, but there are rare studies for the developmental characteristics of children shoulder joint muscle. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development characteristics of flexor and extensor strength of the shoulder joint in 10-year-old children by using isokinetic test. METHODS: Totally 59 10-year-old children’s flexor and extensor muscle of bilateral shoulder joints at 60 and 120 (°)/s speeds were tested by Kinitech isokinetic measuring system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The comparison of homonymous muscle between male and female at the same speed showed that the peak torque (PT) and maximum power rating (MT) of extensor and flexor muscle between left and right shoulders had no significant difference (P > 0.05). On the left shoulder joint, male PT/body mass (BW) was higher than female’s at 120 (°)/s speed (P < 0.05); male extensor value was higher than female’s at the speed of 60 (°)/s and 120 (°)/s (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). The maximum power (MP)/BW of male flexor was higher than that of female at 6 (°)/s speed (P < 0.05), while the MP/BW of male extensor was higher than that of female at the speed of 60 (°)/s and 120 (°)/s (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). On the right shoulder joint, PT/ BW of male extensor was higher than that of female at the speed of 60°/s and 120 (°)/s (P < 0.05); MP/BW at the speed of 60 (°)/s and 120 (°)/s had no significant difference between male and female flexor (P > 0.05). MP/BW of male extensor was higher than that of female at the speed of 60 (°)/s and 120 (°)/s (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). These findings suggest that in terms of 10-year-old children, different genders had no influence in the development of flexors and extensors of shoulder joints; in the same person, the extensor muscle strength is better than the flexor muscle and the ratio of flexor and extensor is in a reasonable range. Related Articles | Metrics