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19 August 2012, Volume 16 Issue 34 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Osteoblastic growth peptides induce the proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblast-like cells on titanium surface in vitro Peng Tao, Huang Jiao, Xu Ling 2012, 16 (34):  6271-6276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.001 Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (504KB) ( 402 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteogenic growth peptides have many advantages, such as low immunogenicity, self regulating sensitivity and simple extraction and making process, which can promote the proliferation activity and osteogenic activity of a variety of stromal cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of osteogenic growth peptides on proliferation and differentiation of rat cranium derived osteoblasts on titanium surface in vitro. METHODS: Sprague Dawley rat cranium derived osteoblasts at a concentration of 5×107/L were cultured in vitro and located on the surface of titanium disc in the 6-well plate, then the osteogenic growth peptide at concentrations of 0 (blank control), 10-10, 10-9, 10-8 and 10-7 mol/L was added. The proliferative activity was examined by MTT, and alkaline phosphatase activity was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay individually after induced for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the proliferation of the osteoblasts on the surface of titanium in different osteogenic growth peptide groups was increased (P < 0.05), and the best concentration of osteogenic growth peptide was 10-9 mol/L (P < 0.05); the alkaline phosphatase activity in different osteogenic growth peptide groups was increased (P < 0.05), and the best concentration of osteogenic growth peptide was 10-8 mol/L (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that osteogenic growth peptides can stimulate proliferative activity and alkaline phosphatase activity of rat osteoblasts located on titanium surface in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Vascularized tissue-engineering bone establishment using vascular pedicle tissue flap, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 Li Tao, Han Dun-fu, Wang Peng-yun, Wang Zhen, Qiu Ying-zhu 2012, 16 (34):  6277-6283.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.002 Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (650KB) ( 386 )   Save BACKGROUND: Survival of tissue engineered bone after implantation is a major issue of bone tissue engineering, and there lacks of tissue engineered bone with strong feasibility that can be used without in vitro long-term construction and pre-vascularization. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and osteogenic ability of constructing tissue-engineering bone with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells, β-phosphoric acid calcium biological ceramic as three scaffold materials, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 as a cell active factor, collagen Ⅰ as a cell activity factor slow-release material and encysted with vascular pedicle fascial flap. METHODS: Twenty-four Wistar rats at 6 to 8 months old were selected. β-phosphoric acid calcium, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and collagen Ⅰ covered with vascular pedicle fascial flap of L1-6 for the experimental group, beta phosphoric acid calcium and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells surrounding with vascular pedicle fascial flap of L1-6 as control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In both groups at 4 weeks after operation, immature bone tissue with low degree of calcification connected to the original layer board osteoid structure was visible in the holes of β-phosphoric acid calcium by light microscope. At 8 weeks, the bone tissues were closed to maturity bones in both groups, and osteoblasts around with a lot of pale purple bone matrix was located in the bone lacunae, the bone marrow cavity structure appeared, and collagen Ⅰ was visible in some areas. But bone tissue maturity in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. The bone tissue Harford’s small tube in the experimental group was clearly visible to form multiple ossification centers, bone trabeculae and bone island all over them, and the mature shelf bone and rows of living osteoblasts cubic shaped orderly were also observed in the experimental group. At 8 weeks, bone trabecular was higher maturity, more typical and clear in the experimental group than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in new bone formation of area in two groups. It demonstrated that tissue-engineering bone encysted with vascular pedicle fascial flap had a good osteogenesis activity and vascularization and when combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 and collagen Ⅰ, the degree of osteogenesis was increased. Related Articles | Metrics

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Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) nanofibers for repairing rabbit bone defects Ye Rong, Zhang Xiao-feng, Yan Huai-ning, Pan Yong-fei, Huang Ning-ping, Lü Lan-xin, Jiang Zan-li 2012, 16 (34):  6284-6288.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.003 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (615KB) ( 334 )   Save BACKGROUND: The experimental studies about poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanofibers for bone tissue regeneration are few and the research results have disputes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the capability of PHBV nanofibers for repairing bone defects. METHODS: Totally 45 New Zealand white rabbits were selected. A rabbit model of bone defects in middle upper section of unilateral tibia was established. The rabbits were evenly randomized into three groups. The experimental group was implanted with PHBV nanofibers, and the control group was implanted with β-tricalcium phosphate, while nothing was implanted into the blank group. Bone formation capability, biodegradation, biocompatibility were evaluated by gross observation, radiology, histology examination and scanning electron microscope observation at corresponding time period postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At weeks 4-8 after implantation, the density of the bone defect regions was increased, osteotylus generated from osteotomy sides grew into defect region; new cortical bone was not continuous and bone defects still remained. At weeks 8-12 after implantation, new cortical bone was connected with the host cortical bone naturally, and the bone defects were perfectly healed. There was no significant difference between the experimental group and control group in new bone formation and bone defects repair at weeks 4 and 8 postoperatively (P > 0.05). At week 12 postoperatively, the capability of bone formation in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that PHBV nanofibers exhibit good biocompatibility and osteoconduction, and can be used as an ideal scaffold for bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different shapes of beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramics on vascularization in vivo of rats Li Wen-ming, Li Zhan-sheng, Wang Feng-gang 2012, 16 (34):  6289-6292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.004 Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (451KB) ( 349 )   Save BACKGROUND: The gross and microscopic structure of artificial bone scaffold materials for tissue engineering can accelerate the process of vascularization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degree of vascularization in vivo by using different shapes of β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics, to explore the degree of blood vessels, and to explore the effect of the scaffold materials shapes on vascularization in vivo. METHODS: Columnar and tubular β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics were implanted in the bilateral back fascia of SD rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radioisotope scan results showed that at weeks 3, 6 and 12 after surgery, the radioactive counting in radionuclide bone imaging of tubular β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics was higher than that of columnar β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics (P < 0.05). Besides, the radioactive counting in radionuclide bone imaging was increased with time. The result of scanning electron microscopy indicated that at week 3, the shapes of materials kept well; furthermore, host fiber tissue and vein grew from the periphery of materials to inside; at week 6 after surgery, vascular proliferation was active in tubular β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics and widely distributed. Vascular proliferation in columnar β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics was mainly centralized in periphery. At week 12 after surgery, the degree of vascularization in the columnar and tubular β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics was higher, and mature fiber tissues and abundant vascular net were seen in the periphery and center of tubular β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. While fiber tissues and blood vessel in columnar β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics were mainly centralized in the periphery, and centre shaft were less. These findings suggest that tubular β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics was more helpful to vascularization in vivo than columnar β-tricalcium phosphate ceramics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Calcium sulfate bone graft versus allograft bone in the treatment of benign bone tumors Yang Er-ping, Peng Hao, Hu Bing, Cheng Zi-lin, Xu Ning-lu 2012, 16 (34):  6293-6297.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.005 Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (484KB) ( 430 )   Save BACKGROUND: We investigate the feasibility of calcium sulfate bone graft instead of allograft bone as a repair material for bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects of calcium sulfate bone graft on bone defects. · METHODS: Totally 67 patients with bone defects receiving calcium sulfate bone graft (n=31) and allograft bone (n=36) were enrolled. At 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation, the bone resorption and biodegradation of bone graft were calculated based on X-ray films. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The follow-up time was from 3 to 36 months with an average of 18 months. During the follow-up, there was no statistical difference in the degradation rate between the two groups. No benign bone tumor recurred in the bone graft area. X-ray films showed that new callus formed in the bone defect area at 3 months after implantation. These findings indicate that the calcium sulfate bone graft has a similar clinical effect to allograft bone. Related Articles | Metrics

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Thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel containing cytokines for rabbit full-thickness articular cartilage defects Zhang Nu, Wu Yu 2012, 16 (34):  6298-6302.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.006 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (415KB) ( 431 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cytokines in the repair of cartilage defects are difficult to maintain their effective local concentration, and the maintenance of time is very limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of repairing rabbit full-thickness articular cartilage defects with thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel containing stromal cell derived factor 1β and transforming growth factor β1. METHODS: The thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel containing stromal cell derived factor 1β and transforming growth factor β1 was prepared by genipin crosslinking. Experimental full-thickness articular cartilage defects models were created in the condyles of the bilateral femurs of 24 rabbits. The 48 defects were randomly divided into three groups. In the combination group, the thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel containing stromal cell derived factor 1β and transforming growth factor β1 was used to fill the defects after subchondral bone drilling; in the drilling group, only subchondral bone drilling was performed; and the control group just left alone as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel could be gelled within 3 minutes at 37 ℃. The hydrogel as multi-hole tree-dimensional scaffold with a dense structure and could sustain release stromal cell derived factor 1β and transforming growth factor β1. The combination group gave better results than drilling group and the control group in the aspects of cell morphology, type-Ⅱcollagen content and ultrastructure (P < 0.05). It shows the thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel containing stromal cell derived factor 1β and transforming growth factor β1 combined with subchondral bone drilling can repair rabbit full-thickness articular cartilage defects effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of neurotrophic factor 3 modified Schwann cells via cationic liposome transfection on nerve defects induced by sol-gel bridging Dong Yu-zhen, Zong Hai-bin, Zhao Hong-xing, Liu Yan-xia, Wang Ming-sheng 2012, 16 (34):  6303-6306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.007 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (371KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: After peripheral nerve injury, exogenous neurotrophic factor 3 (NT-3) can promote neural regeneration and protect muscle atrophy. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of NT-3 modified Schwann cells via cationic liposome transfection on repairing nerve defects induced by sol-gel bridging. METHODS: Eighty adult Wistar rats were used to prepare left sciatic nerve defect models and then randomly divided into four groups: extracellular matrix gel group (A), Schwann cells-poly lactic acid/glycolic acid-extracellular matrix gel group (B), NT-3-polylactic acid/glycolic acid-extracellular matrix gel group (C), NT-3 modified Schwann cells-polylactic acid/glycolic acid-extracellular matrix gel group (D). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Histological examination of gastrocnemius muscle: Gastrocnemius in group D had a clear structure based on the cross-sectional area, thick muscle fibers were thick, and presented with an essentially normal muscle structure as well as there were fewer fibrous tissues. The cross-sectional muscle area in group D was significantly greater than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). ②Myocyte apoptosis detection: The number of apoptotic cells in group D was lower than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that NT-3 genes modified Schwann cells by cationic liposomes transfection and extracellular matrix gel can efficiently repair nerve injury and prevent myocyte apoptosis following denervated muscle atrophy. Related Articles | Metrics

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Polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid membrane for repairing sciatic nerve injuries in rats Wang Ke-li, Lu Lai-jin, Zhang Jing-ling 2012, 16 (34):  6307-6312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.008 Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (629KB) ( 337 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polylactic acid (PLA)-polyglycolic acid (PLGA) membrane has good biocompatibility, stable mechanical strength, non-toxic side effects and controllable degradation rate. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the repair effect of PLA-PLGA membrane on the injury of sciatic nerve in rats. METHODS: Health 36 male Wister rats were selected to expose the sciatic nerve after surgery and randomly divided into sham operation group, control group and experimental group. Rats in the sham operation group received no treatment after the free of sciatic nerve; those in the control group underwent direct end to end nerve anastomosis; while those in the experimental group were wrapped by PLA-PLGA membrane after the end to end nerve anastomosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Electrophysiology detection: The nerve conduction velocity and wave amplitude in the control and experimental groups were better than those in the sham operation group, and the control group was better than the experimental group (P < 0.05). ②Histological detection: Adhesion between nerve in the control group and surround tissues was severe. The anastomosis in the experimental group was smooth and flat, besides, PLA-PLGA membrane was degenerated and absorbed obviously, and no adhesion with surround tissues. The number of myelinated nerve in the control group was obviously decreased, compared with the sham operation and experimental groups, moreover, the regeneration ratios and degree of maturity of neural axis was lower. ③Horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracing: The number of positive myelinated nerve fiber marked by horseradish peroxidase of the control group was decreased significantly than that of the other two groups. These results suggest that PLA-PLGA membrane can prevent neural adhesion after surgery and promote nerve regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological changes of mesenchymal cells 3T3-E1 transfected by chitosan coupled bone morphogenetic protein-2 target gene Zhao Gang, Gao Xue, Mo Hong-bing, Ping Yu-zhuo, Liu Ke-su 2012, 16 (34):  6313-6316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 009 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (401KB) ( 299 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has become one of the most promising fields for the application of growth factor in gene treatment. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) can induce mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts and new bone formation, which plays an important role in bone healing. OBJECTIVE: To realize the continuous expression of BMP partly and to promote cell proliferation and differentiation through transfecting mesenchymal 3T3-E1 cells (MC3T3-E1) in vitro with BMP-2 via the chitosan-based carrier. METHODS: Chitosan-BMP-2 complex was prepared by complex coacervation method. The ability of chitosan combined with BMP-2 was tested by agarose gel electrophoresis. The expression plasmid carrying BMP-2 gene was induced into osteoblasts by using chitosan nanoparticle vector transfection technique. The transfection efficiency was evaluated. Cell proliferation and intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity were tested by MTT assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Electrophoresis diagram showed that chitosan could well combined with BMP-2 plasmid. BMP-2 target gene could be induced into osteoblasts successfully by chitosan, and the tranfection efficiency was about 35%. MTT assay results exhibited that alkaline phosphatase activity was increased. These findings suggest that chitosan nanoparticles carrier system can successfully coupled BMP-2 target gene and effectively transfected MC3T3-E1, as well as promote MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of nano-collagen basal bone in repairing bone defects of periapical and periodontal diseases Li Rui, Wang Chun-lan, Fan Yue-jing, Lian Xiao-jie 2012, 16 (34):  6317-6320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 010 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (373KB) ( 372 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-collagen basal bone is a synthetic bionic bone and its structure is similar to natural cancellous bone structure, which can promote new bone formation with biodegradable absorption. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repair effect of nano-collagen basal bone on periodontal and periapical bone defects. METHODS: ①Totally 50 cases were selected and they were failure of root canal treatment and their periapical bones were destroyed more than 1 cm×1 cm. After scratch in root apex was scraped, 18 cases of them were implanted with nano collagen basal bone (experimental group), and 14 cases were implanted with Relive artificial bone (control group), while 18 cases were given nothing (blank control group). ②Twenty-three cases of bone defects from periodontal disease in vertical absorption were selected. A total of 17 cases underwent periodontal flap surgery and nano-collagen basal bone implantation, while 6 cases underwent periodontal flap surgery and Relive artificial bone implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Periapical bone defects: The bony union and calcification extent of the experimental group and control group had no significant difference at month 6 postoperatively, but were both higher than those of the blank control group (P < 0.01). ②Chronic periodontitis: The depth of pocket, adhesion loss and gums bleeding index were improved significantly in the experimental group and control group at month 6 postoperatively (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Moreover, in the regions of angle-shaped and vertical absorption, bone height increase was found with new attachment formed. These findings suggest that nano-collagen basal bone can accelerate the reconstruction of normal structure in bone defects and promote the early regeneration of bone defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro cytotoxicity of the self-made light-cured nano-hydroxyapatite composite for tooth restoration evaluated by MTT assay Li Rui, Wang Qing-shan, Wang Yun, Zhao Meng-meng, Wang Shuang, Zhang Rong-he 2012, 16 (34):  6321-6325.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.011 Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (420KB) ( 413 )   Save BACKGROUND: More and more new materials are introduced in the field of oral application, and the evaluation of biomaterial biocompatibility is a key step before the clinical application OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of the self-made light-cured nano-hydroxyapatite composite for tooth restoration through in vitro cytotoxic experiments. METHODS: According to ISO standards, in vitro cytotoxicity test (MTT assay) was used to test the absorbance value of human gingival fibroblasts in the self-made light-cured nano-hydroxyapatite composite for tooth restoration extracts (experimental group) of 1, 3, 5 days, to observe changes in cell morphology, to calculate the relative growth rate, and to determine the cytotoxicity grade. Cells in negative control group were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, while those in positive control group were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 0.1% phenol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The absorbance value in the experimental group was similar to that in the negative control group (P > 0.05), but significantly different from that in the positive control (P < 0.01), which indicated that the materials tested were safe to the human gingival fibroblasts. It is preliminarily estimated that nano-hydroxyapatite composite is a safe material for dental clinical application with good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tumor-targeted nanoparticles derived from pullulan acetate conjugate: Preparation, stability and release in vitro Tang Hong-bo, Chen Hong-li, Zhou Zhi-min, Zhang Tong, Liu Ling-rong, Zhang Qi-qing 2012, 16 (34):  6326-6330.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.012 Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (500KB) ( 349 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pullulan due to its many unique characteristics have received more and more attention in the field of drug delivery systems. But, the tumor targeted nano-drug carriers based on pullulan needed to be further studied and developed. OBJECTIVE: To observe the stability and drug release in vitro of nano-drug carriers and to preliminarily evaluate the potential of folate conjugated pullulan acetate (FPA) as a nano-drug carrier. METHODS: Folate was coupled to pullulan acetate (PA). FPA nanoparticles (FPAN) and epirubicin-loaded FPA nanoparticles (FPA/EPI) were prepared by dialysis method. The storage stability of FPAN and FPA/EPI was observed by storage method, and the in-vitro release characteristics were studied by dialysis bag method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: FPAN and FPA/EPI had the nearly spherical shape with a size range of (204.2±10.9) nm and (273.4±11.0) nm, respectively, and they had low ζ potentials both in water and in 10% fetal bovine serum. FPAN maintained stable for at least 1 year. The drug encapsulated in FPAN was released more quickly in pH 5.0 PBS than in pH 7.4. It is concluded that the FPA nano-drug carrier is easy to prepare and has good stability. FPA and FPA/EPI nanoparticles have the potential to be new tumor-targeted nano-drug delivery systems. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate to odontoblast-like cells Wang Jian-ping, Wang Zhao-hong, Jia Ruo-tian, Feng Yao 2012, 16 (34):  6331-6334.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 013 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (399KB) ( 333 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a fine pulp capping material. But there are few researches about the cytotoxicity of MTA to odontoblasts in primary culture. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cytotoxicity of MTA to mouse odontoblast-like cells in primary culture compared with Dycal. METHODS: The mandibular first molar tooth germs from 19 days fetal rats were taken out. The dental papillae was isolated and cultured by using tissue block culture. The dental papillae cells which had similar morphology with odontoblasts were selected by filter paper and cultured continually. The cells were identified by morphology observation and the mRNA expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein. The cytotoxic of odontoblast-like cells cultured in vitro was detected by using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, after the cultured odontoblast-like cells were co-cultured with the blank DMEM culture medium or the culture medium containing MTA or Dycal for 2, 4 and 6 days . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under microscope observation, the cultured cells showed fusiform, long triangle and pyriform, and unilateral longer protuberance. Besides, the cells had specific dentin sialophosphoprotein expression. In terms of cytotoxicity, the number of cells in MTA group was increased gradually with the culture time prolonged (P < 0.05), and the cell proliferation was good. The cell proliferation in Dycal group was significantly less than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that compared with the Dycal, the cytotoxicity of MTA to odontoblast-like cells is smaller. MTA has good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of K2TiF6 on adhesion property of dental enamel bonding resin Liu Mei-tian, Zhang Jin-ting, Liu Bin, Che Xiao-qiang, Feng Zhi-yuan, Ran Hai-qun 2012, 16 (34):  6335-6338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 014 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (364KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Enamel demineralization happened easily in the process of orthodontic treatment. Fluoride application can inhibit the incidence of demineralization and promote enamel remineralization. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of different concentrations of K2TiF6 on the adhesion property of dental enamel bonding resin. METHODS: First premolars 80 teeth with orthodontic extraction from maxillary were randomly divided into five groups. Enamel with no K2TiF6 was as control group, and in the other four groups, enamel bonding resin containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% K2TiF6 was bonded edgewise brackets respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result showed that shear bond strength and bond material adhesive remnant index of brackets in 20% K2TiF6 group were both decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the other three different concentration groups and the control group(P < 0.05). It suggests that when the K2TiF6 concentration in dental enamel bonding resin is no more than 15%, K2TiF6 does not affect the shear bond strength of brackets. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characterization of hepatocyte-targeting liposome containing hydroxycamptothecin Zhang Xiu-juan, Ke Li-ming, Yang Jing, Lin Li-wu, Xue En-sheng, Yu Li-yun, Chen Zhi-kui 2012, 16 (34):  6339-6342.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 015 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (384KB) ( 364 )   Save BACKGROUND: Because of poor water solubility of hydroxycamptothecin, carboxylic acid salt that is formed by opening lactone ring is mostly used in clinic. Hydroxycamptothecin widely distributes in all kinds of the tissues and the organs in vivo following intravenous injection, which will result in serious toxicity and side effects. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a hepatocyte-targeting liposome containing hydroxycamptothecin to improve its water solubility and local drug concentration in tumor. METHODS: The hepatocyte-targeting liposome containing hydroxycamptothecin was prepared by thin film dispersion- high pressure homogeneous method. Its morphology was examined by scanning electron microscope. The particle size, distribution and zeta potential were measured by laser scattering instrument. The encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release period were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared liposome was spherical with a mean size of 205.6 nm, dispersion coefficient of 0.39, and zeta potential of -38.6 mV. The encapsulation efficiency was 78.1%, and the in vitro cumulative release rate was 83.5% within 48 hours. The above results indicate that thin film dispersion-high pressure homogeneous method can prepare an ideal hepatocyte-targeting liposome containing hydroxycamptothecin, which has even particle, high encapsulation efficiency and stable release. Related Articles | Metrics

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Basic fibroblast growth factor combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composites for repair of radial bone defects in rabbits Jiang Bin, Yang Feng, Liu Zhi-kun 2012, 16 (34):  6343-6348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.016 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (675KB) ( 305 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite has good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, which is suitable for repairing bone defects replacing homograft bone. Basic fibroblast growth factor can improve tissue repair. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan on radial bone defects in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 36 New Zealand adult healthy rabbits were collected to establish rabbit bone defect models, and then divided into three groups according to different implant materials: implantation of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan and basic fibroblast growth factor in experimental group, implantation of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan in control group, and no implant materials in blank group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 12 weeks of intervention, X-ray examination revealed bone fusion in the implanted area in the experimental group, and bone defects disappeared nearly. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that mature lamellar bone, mature Haversian system and bone resorption induced by the proliferation of osteoclasts were found in the experimental group. These results were the repair effects of the experimental group superior to the control group. It has been verified that basic fibroblast growth factor combined with nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan has a better effect on repairing bone defects, superior to simple nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite. Related Articles | Metrics

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Rabbit Schwann cells co-cultured with swine small intestinal submucosa in vitro Wei Ren-qian, Cao Xing-hai, Tu Da-hua 2012, 16 (34):  6349-6353.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.017 Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (500KB) ( 335 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the repair of nerve defects by rabbit Schwann cells combined with swine small intestinal submucosa composite have obtained good results. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of in vitro co-culture of rabbit Schwann cells and swine small intestinal submucosa. METHODS: Schwann cells from New Zealand white rabbits were separated and cultured by step-by-step enzyme digestive method. Passage 3 Schwann cells were selected and seeded on swine small intestinal submucosa. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Hematoxylin-eosin staining: After Schwann cells co-cultured with small intestinal submucosa for 24 hours, cells showed good adhesion. Some cells displayed monolayer growth on the surface of stroma in swine small intestinal submucosa; besides, the cells were flat, long spindle-shaped and connected closely with each other. After 2 weeks, the cells showed multilayer growth. ②Scanning electron microscope: After 2 days, Schwann cells adhered on the surface of co-cultured small intestinal submucosa and stretched. The cells displayed spindle-shaped, and stretched out two slender processes, besides, the adjacent cell processes were connected end to end and formed a chain of cells or fusion or cross-link or parallel growth in the fiber side. After 1 week, the cells proliferated greatly and showed a beaded chain adhered on the material, which was similar to the Bunger band of nerve. These findings suggest that small intestinal submucosa and Schwann cells have good compatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of RT-Q medical biomembrane Shen Li, Wang Chun-mei, Zhao Yi, Zheng Ming-wu, Li Yan, Chen Zhong-hua 2012, 16 (34):  6354-6358.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.018 Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (456KB) ( 298 )   Save BACKGROUND: Early studies have shown that RT-Q medical biomembrane has a significant hemostatic effect on topical bleeding, and possesses good histocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the main biocompatibility indices of RT-Q medical biomembrane. METHODS: First, MTT method was used to determine the cytotoxicity of 0 (control), 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100% RT-Q medical biomembrane on L2929 cells. Second, 16 rabbits were randomly divided into negative control group, positive control group, intact skin group and broken skin group. Rabbits in the former three groups were sprayed with normal saline, formaldehyde and RT-Q medical biomembrane, respectively, on the right side of the spine skin. While, rabbits in the broken skin group were only sprayed with RT-Q medical biomembrane on the right side of the spine skin after piercing in the bilateral spine skin. Next, the 12 rabbits were sprayed with RT-Q medical biomembrane and injected with normal saline after piercing the vain of rabbit’s ear border. Last, 30 Guinea pigs were sprayed with RT-Q medical biomembrane, normal saline and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In cytotoxicity test, various concentrations of RT-Q medical biomembrane showed non-toxicity to L2929 cells. Besides, RT-Q medical biomembrane was nonirritant to the intact and broken skin of animals as well as broken vessels. In addition, there were no allergic reactions and it had the hemostatic effect. These results suggest that RT-Q medical biomembrane have passed the main tests of biocompatibility for its good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetictoxicity of animal original biomaterials evaluated by thymidine kinase gene mutation assay Zhang Hua, Wang Zhao-xu, Wang Chun-ren 2012, 16 (34):  6359-6364.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.019 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (475KB) ( 494 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, a large number of medical device products originating from animals, especially those in direct contact with human body should be known about whether they conform to the clinical requirements, such as their mechanical property, biodegradable behavior, biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and immunogenicity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vitro genotoxicity of two kinds of animal original materials, and to compare the differences and similarities of thymidine kinase gene mutation affected by short and long term, as well as non-activation and activation treatments. METHODS: According to GBT16886-12(1), the artificial biological heart valve and absorbable dura mater patch were extracted. They were consisted mainly of bovine pericardium and horse collagen respectively. L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells were treated with the two kinds of leaching liquors for 3 and 24 hours. Then, thymidine kinase gene mutation assay was performed by microplate method with line. Inoculation efficiency, relative suspension growth, relative survival, relative total growth and mutation frequency were calculated. The results of short and long term, as well as non-activation and activation, treatments were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the mouse lymphoma cells were treated with the two kinds of leaching liquors for 3 and 24 hours in non-activation and activation, the results of thymidine kinase gene mutation assays showed negative. These results suggest that the two kinds of animal original materials have no mutagenic effect on L5178Y cells gene in the test of in vitro genotoxicity, which indicates that these two kinds of animal original materials have no genotoxicity and they are safe with current genotoxicity evaluation methods. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of polylactic-co-glycolic acid with bone marrow stromal cells of rhesus monkeys in vitro Hu Nan, Wu Hong, Wu Jian, Ding Fei, Xiao Zhao-qun, Gu Xiao-song 2012, 16 (34):  6365-6371.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.020 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (579KB) ( 322 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biocompatibility of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) with different cells has been reported except its biocompatibility with rhesus monkey bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE: To observe the biological characteristics of rhesus monkey BMSCs, and to investigate the biocompatibility of PLAG with rhesus monkey BMSCs. METHODS: The second passage BMSCs of rhesus monkeys were co-cultured with PLGA for biocompatibility investigation. Light and electron microscopy revealed that BMSCs adhered to and elongated along the PLGA fiber scaffold. BMSCs cultured alone served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4 days of co-culture with PLGA, CD29-positive BMSCs adhered to the surface of PLAG fiber scaffold, forming long cell chains. Some of the attached BMSCs elongated along the scaffold. After 72 hours culture in PLAG extract fluid, neurotrophic factors of BMSCs had no difference from those cultured in plain Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium (P > 0.05). After 7 days, there were no differences in morphology, viability and proliferation of BMSCs cultured in PLGA extract fluid and plain Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium. The results confirmed a high biocompatibility between PLGA materials and BMSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor mRNA in the co-culture of schwann cells and dental implants Sun Lan-ying, Li Zhao-yuan, Ge Wen-zhang, Wang Qi-bao, Wang Hao 2012, 16 (34):  6372-6376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 021 Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (440KB) ( 392 )   Save BACKGROUND: Schwann cells are probably the effective factors which can promote peripheral nerve regeneration of osseointegrated dental implants. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA in the co-culture of Schwann cells and dental implants, and to analyze the biocompatibility of dental implants and Schwann cells. METHODS: Wallerian degenerated sciatic nerves were harvested from adult dogs. Schwann cells were cultured by enzymatic digestion and differential adhesion methods. 1×108/L cells culture was then seeded onto the dental implants with titanium sandblasted and acid-etched surface as well as petri dish. The expression of BDNF and NGF mRNA in Schwann cells was detected by reverse-transcription PCR at days 1, 3, 6, 8 and 11, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BDNF and NGF mRNA had a similar expression pattern with one peak either in the co-cultured Schwann cells or Schwann cells cultured alone. However, compared with the Schwann cells cultured alone, the expression levels of BDNF and NGF mRNA were higher and earlier peak appeared in the co-cultured Schwann cells. These findings suggest that dental implants with titanium sandblasted and acid-etched surface can promote the gene expression of Schwann cells. There is an excellent biocompatibility between this kind of dental implants and Schwann cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chroma values of maxillary central incisors in Guizhou residents with dental fluorosis Liao Jian, Wang Yong, Teng Min-hua, Zhai Jun-jiang, Liang Xing 2012, 16 (34):  6377-6381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.022 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (465KB) ( 327 )   Save BACKGROUND: In shade matching of ceramic restoration, the color range of Vitapan classic shade guide and Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide both cannot cover all that of natural teeth，and cover even less the color space of dental fluorosis teeth. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics and distribution of dental fluorosis chroma value and to further compare the differences of chroma values between dental fluorosis and normal teeth from Guizhou residents. METHODS: A total of 317 dental fluorosis patients with 634 maxillary central incisors were randomly selected as experimental group, and 204 healthy normal people with 408 maxillary central incisors were randomly selected as control group. The tooth color was measured by a computer-aided Shade-Eye NCC colorimeter, and expressed in terms of three coordinate values (L*, a*, b*) of the CIE-1976-Lab color system recommended by International Commission on Illumination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The chroma value of maxillary central incisors in the experimental group (dental fluorosis) was wider than that in the control group (normal teeth) and the L* value in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05), while the a* value and b* value in the experimental group were both obviously higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). As for dental fluorosis, the L* value in cervical Ⅱ region was the highest among nine regions, and that in incisal Ⅸ region was the lowest. The L* value showed a diminishing trend from cervical, central region to incisal region. While a* value and b* value in the mesial 1/3 region of teeth lips face were both higher than those in the distal 1/3 region. There was no significant difference was in the chroma values of maxillary incisors between the left and the right for the same subject (P > 0.05). These results suggest that compared with normal teeth, the chroma-value distribution of dental fluorosis is more dispersive and wider, besides, the corresponding color is dark, redder and yellower. Related Articles | Metrics

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Drug-, molecular-, hormone- and stem cells-targeted therapies for osteoporosis Zhang Jie, Tian Jing 2012, 16 (34):  6382-6388.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.023 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (586KB) ( 429 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis fractures and other complications can result in a severe impact in the quality of life of older people. OBJECTIVE: To explore the progress in targeted therapy for osteoporosis in order to promote its clinical application. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database and CNKI database between May 1997 and December 2011 was performed to search related articles with the key words of “targeted therapy, bone target, stem cell, osteoporosis, treatment” in English and Chinese, respectively. Literatures related to targeted therapy for osteoporosis on osteoporosis were selected; in the same field, the articles published lately in authoritative journals were preferred. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 148 literatures were primarily selected, and 38 documents were involved for summary according to inclusion criteria. Targeted treatment of osteoporosis has become a focus in the treatment of osteoporosis. Current research involves drug-targeted, molecular-targeted, hormone-targeted, receptor-targeted and stem cell-target therapies. Drug-, molecular- and hormone-targeted therapies are the most common methods to treat osteoporosis. Commonly used drugs include tetracycline, bisphosphonates, denosumab. However, targeted therapy for osteoporosis has not yet fully mature, and its clinical side effects limit its further development that there are still many issues to be resolved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of chitosan hydrogel in the field of biomedical materials Qin Ying-zhe, Lin Qiang 2012, 16 (34):  6389-6392.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 024 Abstract ( 407 )   PDF (522KB) ( 515 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan hydrogel exhibits several favorable biological properties such as low toxicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradation. OBJECTIVE: To review the applications of chitosan hydrogel in controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensors. METHODS: The first author searched Springer electronic journals and CNKI database to retrieve the literatures about chitosan hydrogel used in biomedical materials from 2002 to 2011. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chitosan hydrogel is sensitive to temperature or pH, but has little influence on drugs and proteins. The physical properties of chitosan hydrogen can be improved and enhanced by modification or/and combination with other polymer composites. To date, chitosan hydrogel has been widely used in controlled drug delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors and other biomedical fields. In view of its great biological potential, chitosan hydrogen need to be further studied. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hemocompatibility of biomedical polymeric materials Design of anticoagulant materials○ Chen Bao-lin, Wang Dong-an 2012, 16 (34):  6393-6396.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 025 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (242KB) ( 448 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polymeric materials implanted into organism in vivo should have two basic performances: medical function and biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To review design of anticoagulant materials and clotting mechanism of hemocompatible polymeric materials. METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed database and Wanfang database was performed for articles published from 1953 to 2011 with English key words “biocompatibility, blood compatibility, bio-inert surface, bio-active surface” and Chinese key words “biocompatibility, anticoagulant materials, biomedical materials, medical polymeric materials”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: the material surface is designed to improve surface hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and to enhance hemocompatibility by reducing thrombosis through introduction of charged groups and bioactive substance. However, effects of surface modification to improve hemocompatibility are limited. Tissue engineering technique enables in situ culture of human endothelial cells on material surface to endothelialize the materials and improve hemocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics and clinical application of bone matrix as a carrier material Zhang Li-feng, Li Qi-jia 2012, 16 (34):  6397-6402.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.026 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (644KB) ( 419 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scaffold materials are the core of bone tissue engineering, and bone matrix as a carrier material is one kind of the scaffold materials that provides more effective therapeusis for bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To especially introduce the application of freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix，deprotein bone matrix and acellular bone matrix in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author retrieved literatures from PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang databases with the key words of “bone tissue engineering, scaffold materials, demineralized bone matrix, deprotein bone matrix, acellular bone matrix, bone defect” in English and Chinese, respectively. The authority literatures summarized in bone tissue engineering field and published from 1994 to 2010 were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results indicate that freeze-dried demineralized bone matrix, deprotein bone matrix and acellular bone matrix display good biocompatibility, low antigenicity, and have no cytotoxicity. As carrier materials for bone tissue engineering, they have natural attributes of bones, such as porosities and bone conduction, which develops a new approach in bone defects repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nano-hydroxyapatite and its compound in repairing bone defects Zhang Xin, Sun Hong 2012, 16 (34):  6403-6406.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.027 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (622KB) ( 595 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite is recognized as the bone-repair and bone-substitute materials, and the structure of nano-hydroxyapatite is similar to that of the natural bone. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the preparation methods and characteristics of nano-hydroxyapatite and its compound, and to understand their application in bone defects repair. METHODS: PubMed database was searched on internet with the key words of “nano-hydroxyapatite, bone defects, bone tissue engineering” in English. Simultaneously, CNKl database was searched with the key words of “nano-hydroxyapatite, bone defects, bone tissue engineering” in Chinese. Articles concerning studies of nano-hydroxyapatite for bone defect repair, research of nano-hydroxyapatite compounded with one or more than two kinds of composite materials for bone defects repair and research of nano-hydroxyapatite in bone tissue engineering were included. Finally 29 articles were selected according the inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nano-hydroxyapatite can promote new bone formation, and the number of new bone formation is great, besides, the new bone has good biodegradability and osteoinductivity. Nano-hydroxyapatite can overcome its own fragility and weak mechanicalness through combined with natural or non-natural materials, and accelerate the healing of bone interface. The present study has confirmed the nano-hydroxyapatite play an important role in bone defect repair, and other composite materials will be helpful to the treatment of bone defects. The preparation of specific functional nano bionic and intelligent materials will be the developmental direction of bone tissue repair materials in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and development of drug delivery system with drug-loaded bone substitute for osteomyelitis Huang Xing, Yang Qing-song, Su Jia-can 2012, 16 (34):  6407-6412.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.028 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (634KB) ( 433 )   Save BACKGROUND: Conventional systemic antibiotic treatment for osteomyelitis limits its wide clinical applications account for comparative low selectivity on target site, unsustainable dosage control, and importantly, the systemic antibiotic side effects. Drug release of drug-load bone substitute exerts a targeted, controlled and long-term effect, and thus offsets side effects of systematic antibiotics treatment. OBJECTIVE: To guide the research, development and selective application of drug-loaded bone substitute by comprehensive and comparative analysis for materials, synthetics and pharmacokinetics of local delivery systems. METHODS: PubMed and Sciencedirect databases were retrieved online from 2001-01 to 2011-11 for relative articles about the treatment of local delivery systems on osteomyelitis and bone defect, with the key words of “drug delivery system, osteomyelitis, bone defect, bone substitute” in English. Articles published in authorized journals and updated were selected, while unrelated and repeated articles were excluded. Totally 25 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Reconstruction and repair of bone tissue requires three conditions: bone induction, bone conduction and bone generation, moreover, suitable nest for the growth of bone tissue is indispensible. Bone substitute can be divided into bioceramic materials, biomaterials, polymer materials and composite according to its material characteristics, and it also can be divided into biodegradable type and non biodegradable type according to material absorbility. Drug release in target site of local delivery systems with drug-load bone substitute has the character of providing appropriate nest and bone induction for bone tissue and making drug delivery system an optimal option. Drug release rate of drug-load bone substitute should be regulated referring to the choice of drug-load density, local drug released time, selection of drug determination for infection type and bone substitute material, chemical reaction whether happened between drug and bone substitute as well as the influence of drug on bone substitute material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury Clinical application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury 2012, 16 (34):  6413-6420.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.029 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (521KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: The development of microsurgical techniques and repairing technology of peripheral nerve injury is closely associated to nerve conduit materials. The nerve conduit materials need to be further studied and developed. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury and to analyze the data results. METHODS: A retrieval was performed for the literature about the application of nerve conduits in repairing peripheral nerve injury, published between 2001-01 and 2010-12, using the key words of “nerve conduit, biomaterials, peripheral nerve injury, nerve regeneration, chitosan/chitin nerve conduit, polymer/macromolecule nerve conduit, collagen nerve conduit” in Science Citation Index (SCI) database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The repairing method of nerve conduit is to leave a gap between the nerve ends, bridge the distal and proximal nerve by nerve conduits, and create a relatively closed environment, to obstruct external influences, and reduce scar formation. At present, the nerve conduit materials are classified into non-neural tissues, non-biodegradable materials, and biodegradable materials. With the development of molecular biology and other related technologies, it is necessary to find ideal nerve conduits for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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The 10-year literature analysis of biological materials to repair skull defects Tan Li-yu 2012, 16 (34):  6421-6430.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.030 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (722KB) ( 547 )   Save BACKGROUND: With technology developing, the properties and clinical effects of various cranioplasty materials are different. Many repairing materials have been eliminated because of their own shortcomings, and the new types of biological materials are still under development. OBJECTIVE: To explore the progress of cranioplasty materials and to analyze the data results. METHODS: A retrieval was performed for the literature about biological materials to repair skull defects, published between 2002-01 and 2011-12, using key words of skull defect, repair, material, titanium plate, bone cement, autogenous bone, silicone rubber, organic glass or pmma or polymethyl methacrylate in Science Citation Index (SCI) database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The repairing materials are various with different effects on skull defect repair. Now, the materials mainly include the autologous bone, allograft bone, medical polymer materials, titanium, bone cement and tissue engineering composites. The focus is what kind of materials can repair skull defects perfectly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of titanium plates in sternal tumor resection Yu Gui-ping, Huang Bin 2012, 16 (34):  6431-6434.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.031 Abstract ( 318 )   PDF (543KB) ( 545 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sternal tumors extension and resection will lead to huge sternum wall defects, if not repair, the normal thoracic stability and the airtightness cannot be maintained, and often cause serious abnormal respiratory movement. The application of tissue engineering material in sternal tumors is the focus of the research now. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method and the clinical application of tissue engineering in thoracic reconstruction after sternal tumors resection, and to summarize the research process of tissue engineering material. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on PubMed database and VIP database from January 1990 to February 2011 for the related literatures with the key words of “stemal tumors, reconstruction” in English and “stemal tumors, reconstruction, titanium plate” in Chinese. The literatures that related to the biomechanics of tissue engineering applications in the thoracic reconstruction after sternal tumors resection and the application of tissue engineering materials in the thoracic reconstruction after sternal tumors resection were included. A total of 100 literatures were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The materials used for the thoracic reconstruction are divided into two major categories: biological materials and artificial materials, including autologous bone, pericardium, fascia and allogeneic bovine fascia, pericardium, etc. Titanium plate can maintain the post-operative thoracic stability effectively. Titanium plate also has many advantages, such as not prone to rejection, long-term retention in the body, easy to disinfect and sterilize without affecting the CT scan, facilitate to model and fix, convenient, safe, and perfect repair and shaping effect. But the long-term efficacy still need to be further observed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement for severe vertebral compression fractures associated with peripheral wall damage Shao Gao-hai, Li De-xia, Jiao Chun-yan 2012, 16 (34):  6435-6438.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.032 Abstract ( 237 )   PDF (424KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty has been widely used in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures; however, percutaneous vertebroplasty for severe vertebral compression fracture associated with vertebral body wall damage has an increased risk due to bone cement leakage and puncture, which is reported rarely in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement for treatment of severe vertebral compression fractures associated with peripheral wall damage and to evaluate its clinical effect. METHODS: From June 2008 to September 2010, 22 patients with vertebral compression fracture associated with vertebral body wall damage were admitted. 68.5% vertebral body height was lost averagely. Then, patients underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty treatment. Postoperative visual analogue scale scores were evaluated, and modified Stauffer-Coventry assessing system was used to assess the follow-up results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were successfully operated, and followed for 12 months. Postoperatively, the injured vertebral height recovered to varying degrees, and no loss of vertebral body height was found at the end of follow-up. Postoperative pain was significantly reduced or disappeared, the average visual analogue scale scores were reduced from 8.8 to 2.2. Asymptomatic complications and bone cement materials versus-host reaction did not occur. These findings indicate that percutaneous vertebroplasty is safe and feasible to treat severe vertebral compression fractures associated with peripheral wall damage. Related Articles | Metrics

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Modified acellular dermal matrix repair combined with opening suture and drainage in the treatment of Uygur high complex anal fistula in Xinjiang Ma Mu-ti-jiang-a-ba-bai-ke-re, Wen Hao, Huang Hong-guo, Zhao Liang, Chu Hui, Ai Er-ha-ti-hu-sai-yin, A Li-mu-jiang-a-bu-du-mi, Fan Kai 2012, 16 (34):  6439-6444.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.033 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (500KB) ( 651 )   Save BACKGROUND: Surgical methods for high complex anal fistula have certain recurrence rate and a series of problems such as anal dysfunction in the world. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical application of modified acellular dermal matrix repair combined with opening suture and drainage technique for the treatment of Uygur high complex anal fistula in Xinjiang. METHODS: Forty cases of Uygur high complex anal fistula in Xinjiang were selected. All the cases were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Cases in the experimental group were treated using modified acellular dermal matrix repair combined with opening suture and drainage technique, and the cases in the control group were treated with traditional drainage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the aspect of fistula closure time, recover rate and postoperative pain score between two groups (P > 0.05). However, the aspect of postoperative pain time, hospitalization time and life quality scores in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Modified acellular dermal matrix repair combined with opening suture and drainage has a certain effect on the healing of high complex anal fistula. However, the safety and efficacy of this method needs further multi-center and randomized controlled clinical trials to verify. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrograde nasolacrimal duct implantation for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction He Yue, Zhang Xi-bo, Lü Hong-bin, Ouyang Ke 2012, 16 (34):  6445-6448.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 035 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (256KB) ( 554 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stents cannot alter the anatomical structure of lacrimal outflow pathway and is a quick and useful option in treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stents in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2009, we treated 94 consecutive nasolacrimal obstructions in 87 patients (mean age 56 years; range 26-71 years) with implantation of polyurethane stents. Indications were nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 31 patients and chronic dacryocystitis in 56 patients. Follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On day 2 after implantation, resolution of epiphora was complete in 92 eyes, accounting for 98% success rate (92/94). On follow-up, 85 of 94 stents (90%) remained patent. There were eight cases developing stent obstruction. Stents malfunctioned in one case, and was easily withdrawn. Complications included pain in seven cases, eyelid inflammation in two cases and nasal hyporrhea in all cases. Experimental findings indicate that polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stent is a quick and useful option in treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrograde nasolacrimal duct implantation for the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction He Yue, Zhang Xi-bo, Lü Hong-bin, Ouyang Ke 2012, 16 (34):  6449-6552.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn. 2095-4344.2012.34. 035 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (325KB) ( 413 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stents cannot alter the anatomical structure of lacrimal outflow pathway and is a quick and useful option in treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stents in patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction. METHODS: Between 2008 and 2009, we treated 94 consecutive nasolacrimal obstructions in 87 patients (mean age 56 years; range 26-71 years) with implantation of polyurethane stents. Indications were nasolacrimal duct obstruction in 31 patients and chronic dacryocystitis in 56 patients. Follow-up was 18 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On day 2 after implantation, resolution of epiphora was complete in 92 eyes, accounting for 98% success rate (92/94). On follow-up, 85 of 94 stents (90%) remained patent. There were eight cases developing stent obstruction. Stents malfunctioned in one case, and was easily withdrawn. Complications included pain in seven cases, eyelid inflammation in two cases and nasal hyporrhea in all cases. Experimental findings indicate that polyurethane nasolacrimal duct stent is a quick and useful option in treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of self-expanding metal stents versus surgery therapy for malignant colorectal obstruction in patients with advanced colorectal cancers Zhang Yu-xin 2012, 16 (34):  6453-6456.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.036 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (325KB) ( 473 )   Save BACKGROUND: Little is known about the outcomes of stent therapy for relief of malignant colorectal obstruction in advanced colorectal cancer patients, especially for the long-term outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of self-expanding metal stent and palliative surgery in advanced colorectal cancer patients with malignant colorectal obstruction. METHODS: Totally 186 patients with incurable obstructive colorectal cancers who underwent self-expanding metal stent and palliative surgery were included. Information including sex, age, obstruction sites, metastatic sites, type of stent, diameter of stent, postoperative complications, length of hospital admission, chemotherapy, time to chemotherapy administration and late obstruction were retrospective analyzed. Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the strength of association between late obstruction and various factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The technical success rate in the stent group was lower than that in the surgery group (P=0.030), and the rates of clinical success in the two groups had no difference. The stent group had fewer postoperative complications than the surgery group, but the rates of major complications had no difference between the two groups (P=0.839). The stent group had a shorter time in length of hospital admission and time to chemotherapy administration, but a higher rate of late obstruction as compared with the surgery group (P=0.028). Diameter of stent and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for late obstruction. These findings indicate that the self-expanding metal stent is an effective therapy with a better early outcome for malignant colorectal obstruction, but it has a worse long-term outcome than palliative surgery, especially for chemotherapy patients with a smaller diameter of stent, who may need stent reinsertion or a second surgery to relieve late obstruction. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection and assessment of serum nickel and chromium levels in patients before and after the removal of the nickel-chromium alloy porcelain-fused-to-metal restoration Guo Da-wei, Teng Min-hua, Chen Zheng-gang, Zhai Jun-jiang, Wen Cai, Tian Ai, Sun Ning-yuan, Liang Xing 2012, 16 (34):  6457-6460.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.34.037 Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (361KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are few reports on whether the nickel-chromium alloy porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) restoration has a systematic effect on the human body. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical security of the nickel-chromium alloy PFM, according to the assessment of the serum levels of nickel and chromium before and after the removal of the restoration. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients were selected for the study, who suspected that nickel-chromium alloy PFM could affect their health and therefore came to hospital to ask for removal of the crown. The serum levels of nickel and chromium in these 69 patients were detected before and 1 month after the removal of the nickel-chromium alloy PFM restorations. In addition, the serum levels of nickel and chromium in these patients were analyzed according to their age, gender, the number and duration of PFM restorations, and whether the metal was exposed or not in restoration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no statistical differences between the serum levels of nickel and chromium in patients before and after the removal of the nickel-chromium alloy PFM restoration (P > 0.05). In addition, the serum levels of nickel and chromium in patients had nothing to do with gender, age, the number and duration of PFM restorations, and whether the metal was exposed or not in restoration (P > 0.05 ). The amount of nickel and chromium released from nickel-chromium alloy PFM is small, which cannot affect the serum levels of nickel and chromium in the human body. Related Articles | Metrics