Establishing myocardial infarction animal models by the median sternotomy versus the left intercostal thoracotomy

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.011

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Studies addressing coronary heart disease are largely dependent on the establishment of myocardial infarction animal models. It is very important that exploring a safe method with easy operation, less damage, long time survival and high survival rate for myocardial infarction animal model

OBJECTIVE: To compare the pros and cons of two kinds of thoracotomy anterior descending coronary artery ligation to do myocardial infarction animal model.

METHODS: Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, median sternotomy incision, and left sternal incision. The anterior descending coronary artery was ligated after thoracotomy. The operation time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative food intake, and recovery time of eating were monitored during the surgery and within 24 hours after the surgery. And myocardial enzyme indexes were also monitored within 24 hours after the surgery. Rabbits were detected with ultrasonic echocardiogram at 4 weeks.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different levels of ST segment elevation appeared in median sternotomy and left sternal incision groups by echocardiogram. The success rate of modeling was 70% in median sternotomy incision group, and 80% in left sternal incision group. Within 24 hours post-surgery, the myocardial enzyme indexes in the two groups were significantly increased compared with before surgery (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular shortening fraction were significantly decreased when compared to before surgery (P < 0.05). The operation time was shorter, the amount of bleeding was less, the time of eating recovery was less and the amount of eating was much in median sternotomy group than in left sternal incision, with significant differences between he two groups (P < 0.05). The median sternotomy incision for the ligation of anterior descending coronary artery is better than the left sternal incision to establish myocardial infarction models.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: models, animal, myocardial infarction, sternum, electrocardiography, echocardiography

CLC Number:

R318

Yang Shao-ling, Tang Ke-qiang, Tao Jun-jia, Gu Fang-fang, Guo Qing-kui. Establishing myocardial infarction animal models by the median sternotomy versus the left intercostal thoracotomy [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2014, 18(49): 7930-7937.

Figures/Tables 5

2.1 实验兔成活率假手术组(10只)1只死于麻醉意外，9只成活。围手术期胸骨正中切口组(10只)和胸骨左缘切口组(10只)各死亡1只，死亡率10%(1/10)。4周后胸骨左缘切口组死于心包填塞2只，总死亡率30%(3/10)，成活率70%(7/10)；胸骨正中切口组死于术后切口感染1只，总死亡率20%(2/10)，存活率80%(8/10)。胸骨正中切口组与胸骨左缘切口组造模成功后，心脏大体观察，梗死灶主要在左室前壁及心尖部(图1)，且均为透壁性坏死。 2.2 手术时间、进食恢复时间、进食量假手术组所用的手术时间最短，胸骨正中切口组所需的手术时间较胸骨左缘切口组短，差异有显著性意义。而胸骨正中切口组和胸骨左缘切口组所需的手术时间与假手术组相比差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05，表1)。胸骨正中切口组术中出血量与假手术组相比差异无显著性意义，胸骨左缘切口组与胸骨正中切口组及假手术组相比出血量多且差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05，表1)。假手术组术后进食恢复时间最短，其次是胸骨正中切口组，而胸骨左缘切口组术后进食恢复时间最长，3组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05，表1)。进食量比较亦存在假手术组最多，其次是胸骨正中切口组，胸骨左缘切口组最少，3组间比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05，表1)。 2.3 心电图检查结果术中实验组新西兰大耳白兔在结扎1-20 min后出现不同程度的心电图改变，胸骨正中切口组与胸骨左缘切口组中各有1只ST段压低(图2A)，其余18只均表现在ST段抬高(图2B)，成功率为84%。R波明显减小。假手术组心电图无明显改变(图2C)。 2.4 超声心动图检查结果结扎成功后存活4周，M型超声心动图显示，结扎前降支前各组左室前壁局部心肌运动幅度及增厚率均正常(图3A)，结扎前降支后胸骨正中切口组和胸骨左缘切口组左室前壁可见节段性运动障碍，收缩增厚率较结扎前均明显减低(图3B)。实验兔术后左室射血分数及左室短轴缩短率较术前相比均明显减低，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05，表2)。结扎冠脉后，胸骨正中切口组：术后4周存活的8只兔中，7只均提示节段性室壁运动障碍并有5只有室壁瘤形成，2只提示心包少量积液(其中1只见胸腔积液)。胸骨左缘切口组：术后4周存活的7只兔中，其中5只提示节段性室壁运动障碍，其中1只合并室壁瘤形成，3只提示心包积液。 2.5 病理切片结扎成功后兔心梗部位病理切片显示，40倍光学显微镜下可见心肌细胞排列紊乱(图4A)，400倍光学显微镜下见心肌细胞排列紊乱，细胞肿胀，肌细胞断裂(图4B，C)，说明心梗模型制做成功。 2.6 心肌酶学指标胸骨正中切口组与胸骨左缘切口组制作心肌梗死模型成功后4 h心肌酶学指标磷酸肌酸激酶与肌钙蛋白较术前明显升高，差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05，表3)，而假手术组术前术后无显著变化(P > 0.05)。"

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