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30 November 2014, Volume 18 Issue 49 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback function in rat models of chronic stress-induced depression   Bao Wu-ye, Fan Ang-ran, Bai Liang-feng, Tong Hai-ying, Yu Xue, Wujisiguleng, Li Jing, Hurilebagen, Zhang Yue 2014, 18 (49):  7873-7878.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.001 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (853KB) ( 771 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill has achieved good clinical efficacy, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback function in the chronic depressed rats, and to explore anti­depression mechanisms of Mongolian Pharmaceutical Betel Shisanwei ingredients pill. METHODS: Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into ten groups according to the sugar consumption test (with eight rats in each group): normal control group, model group, fluoxetine group, high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill groups, RU486 group, high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill plus RU486 groups. Except normal control group, the other groups were treated with the chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation combined with lonely rising, to establish depression models. In the meantime, rats of the high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill groups were given oral gavage of Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) for 28 days; rats of the normal control group and model group were intragstrically administered with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose; rats of RU486 group were given abdominal subcutaneous injection of RU486 from day 21 after modeling; rats of the high-, medium- and low-dose Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill plus RU486 groups were intragstrically administered with Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill (0.2, 0.4, 0.8 g/kg) and subcutaneous injection of RU486 from day 21. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with normal control group, cortisone content increased significantly (P < 0.05), the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland decreased significantly, and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression increased significantly in the model group and RU486 group. Compared with model group, cortisone content decreased, the expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland increased significantly, and hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression decreased significantly in rats treated with Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill. Compared with RU486 group, Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill administration led to changed in cortisone content, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland, as well as hypothalamic corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNA expression. Experimental findings indicate that, Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill can directly regulate excessive secretion of glucocorticoid, and improve the dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis central negative feedback through increasing glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression and decreasing corticotropin releasing hormone mRNA expression. After the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis negative feedback pathway is blocked, the effect of Betel Shisanwei Ingredients Pill is weakened. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf inhibits neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue of rat models of chronic cerebral ischemia Tan Rong-fang, Xia Ai-hua, Wu Xiao-guang, Cao Na-na, Li Meng-meng, Zhang Tian-ge, Wang Yi-ru, Yue Zhi-ling 2014, 18 (49):  7879-7883.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.002 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (341KB) ( 619 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular disease often causes dysfunction of the brain nerve, and nerve cell apoptosis is the important factor of cerebral nerve dysfunction. The excessive expression of c-fos can block the transduction of intracellular signal so that producing some apoptosis-promoting factors, which involve in nerve cell apoptosis process after ischemia injury of brain. Bcl-2 is an inhibited factor. It might to be the key to treat ischemic cerebrovascular disease by inhibiting or reducing the apoptosis of nerve cells after ischemia injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf on chronic cerebral ischemia rats. METHODS: A total of 72 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group, model group, Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf group and ginkgo leaf group. Permanent bilateral carotid artery ligation was used to prepare chronic cerebral ischemia model in the model group, Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf group and ginkgo leaf group. Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf group and ginkgo leaf group respectively received 140 mg/kg Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf and 12.3 mg/kg ginkgo leaf intragastrically for 36 days from 36 days after model induction. Model group and sham surgery group received 3.5 mL/kg physiological saline intragastrically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the expression of c-fos protein significantly deceased in the Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf group (P < 0.01), Bcl-2 expression levels significantly increased (P < 0.01), and Ca2+ content decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference in above indexes was detected between Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf group and ginkgo leaf group (P > 0.05). These data indicated that the protective effect of Total Flavone of Hawthorn Leaf on chronic cerebral ischemia was associated with its inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. Its mechanism of anti-apoptosis might be associated with up-regulating expression of Bcl-2, down-regulating expression of c-fos and decreasing Ca2+ content in brain. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Organophosphorus poisoning-induced delayed neuropathy hen model induced by triorthocresyl phosphate and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride intervention   Zuo En-jun, Piao Feng-yuan, Jiang Ying 2014, 18 (49):  7884-7890.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.003 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (1042KB) ( 710 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although incidents of organophosphorus poisoning-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) have been documented for over a century, the molecular mechanisms underlying the axonopathy remain poorly understood. Therefore, OPIDN treatment has been increasingly concerned. OBJECTIVE: To construct the OPIDN hen model induced by triorthocresyl phosphate (TOCP) and to explore the effect of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) intervention. METHODS: Adult hens were randomly divided into four groups: two TOCP groups, a PMSF group and a control group. TOCP groups were treated with TOCP by gavage at a single dosage of 1 000 mg/kg and 750 mg/kg respectively; control group was given an equivalent volume of saline by gavage while hens in the PMSF group were subcutaneously injected with 40 mg/kg PMSF 24 hours after 1 000 mg/kg TOCP injection. OPIDN neurological signs were assessed by a six-point graded scale. The changes of the hen weight were recorded. The hens were killed on day 5 and 21 post-dosing. The samples were cut into 50 nm thick sections and examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: OPIDN neurological signs such as abnormal gaits progressed in severity with time (P < 0.05), and the hen weight was significantly decreased in TOCP groups (P < 0.05). However, no clinical signs of delayed neurotoxicity were observed in hens of the PMSF group and the control group during the experiment period. The mild mitochondrial swelling and the fragmentation of microfilament and microtubule arrangement in axons were observed on day 5 post-dosing, leaving the other organelles remained unchanged. On day 21, neuronal degeneration was apparent, including swelling of endoplasmic reticulum, abnormal change of mitochondria, and disordered arrangement of cytoskeleton. The optimal dose of TOCP was 1 000 mg/kg. Experimental findings indicate that, OPIDN hen model induced by TOCP and PMSF intervention hen model were successfully constructed. PMSF intervention significantly improved the pathologic changes and clinical symptoms of OPIDN induced by TOCP in hens. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The study of proteomics in acute spinal cord injury rats by iTRAQ technology   Bai Jing-jing, Wang Chong, Ding Li-wen, Song Xing-hua, Chen Jiang-tao, Zhou Yi-jun, Xu Lei-lei 2014, 18 (49):  7891-7896.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.004 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (750KB) ( 592 )   Save BACKGROUND: Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) mass spectrometry technology studys the information of relevant protein according to the ion signal shows different mass-to-charge ratio in the tandem mass spectrometry analysis. OBJECTIVE: To establish the protein spectrum of differential proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of acute spinal cord injury rat model, study the secondary injury mechanism and find an effective method of treating acute spinal cord injury from molecular level. METHODS: Acute spinal cord injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats and iTRAQ technology was applied to analyze the differential proteins in cerebrospinal fluid of acute spinal cord injury rat model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 722 proteins have been identified in this study, including 107 differentially expressed proteins, 63 downregulated proteins and 44 upregulated proteins. There were 19 proteins related to neurogenesis, including 14 up-regulation proteins and 5 down-regulation proteins. Seven proteins contributed to the regulation of neurogenesis. The differential proteins and growth factor identified in this study can be taken as the biomarkers of acute spinal cord injury or indicators of clinical monitoring of the progression, target treatment and efficacy assessment after acute spinal cord injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proteome changes in a rat model of spinal cord injury after intrathecal injection of methylprednisolone Yang Bei-bei, Chen Jiang-tao, Song Xing-hua 2014, 18 (49):  7897-7902.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.005 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (2556KB) ( 513 )   Save BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that early use of methylprednisolone can promote neurological functional recovery, reasonable initial dose, interval time and treatment duration are the key to the methylprednisolone treatment of acute spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the differential protein expression profile in spinal cord tissue after intrathecal injection of high-dose methylprednisolone was given in rat model of acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eight Sprague-Dawley rats were included in this study to establish acute spinal cord injury model and the models were randomly divided into two groups, receiving intrathecal injection of methylprednisolone 7.5 mg/kg at 0 and 8 hours after modeling. The injured spinal cord tissue was harvested after 24 hours of injection. The differentially expressed proteins and nerve regeneration-related differential proteins in two groups were analyzed using isotope labeling and quantitative technical analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 87 differentially expressed proteins were identified in this study. Compared with 0 hour group, there were 43 up-regulated differential proteins and 44 down-regulated differential proteins in the 8-hour group. Eighteen differential proteins were related to neural regeneration, including 8 up-regulation proteins and 10 down-regulation proteins. OMgp as a potential neural axon growth inhibitory factor specifically bound with NgR/P75/TROY/Lingo-1 to form receptor complexes and activated RhoA through the second messenger cAMP, thus inhibiting the collapse of axon growth cone. Following intrathecal injection of methylprednisolone for treatment of acute spinal cord injury in rats, differential proteins and nerve regeneration-related factors in spinal cord are identified and analyzed for protein database retrieval and protein function analysis, their expression may serve as the indicator of monitoring nerve regeneration after acute spinal cord injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of sonic hedgehog in adult rat models of acute compressive spinal cord injury Zhao Bin, Chen Bao, Zhao Hai-yan, Wang Shuan-ke 2014, 18 (49):  7903-7907.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.006 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (1466KB) ( 589 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the development of nervous system, the main effect of sonic hedgehog signaling pathway is to induce the partition of dorsal and ventral sides in the central nervous system. When above signaling pathway is destroyed, ventral neurons in the central nervous system will completely lose. OBJECTIVE: To establish adult rat models of acute compressive spinal cord injury, to detect the expression of development-related sonic hedgehog after acute compressive spinal cord injury, and to explore its effects on neural regeneration. METHODS: A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats at the same age were placed in a posterior compression device to establish models of acute compressive spinal cord injury. They were then randomly divided into lamina drilling group (n=5) and acute spinal cord injury group (n=25). Sonic hedgehog mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization method at the injury site at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after spinal cord. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression levels of sonic hedgehog increased to the maximal expression levels in grey and white matters 10 mm distal to the lesion site at 7 days after injury. Sonic hedgehog expression was apparently less in ependymal cells than in grey and white matters and was restricted to 5 mm distal to the lesion site, being narrower in its distribution than its occurrence in grey and white matters. These data indicated that acute compressive spinal cord injury can induce the expression of sonic hedgehog. This expression maybe relates to adult neural cell regeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Histone deacetylase inhibitor affected CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in a mouse model of acute graft versus host disease   Zhu Jie-lin, Zhang Peng 2014, 18 (49):  7908-7913.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.007 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (2236KB) ( 453 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease and elevation of graft survival rate are core problems needed to be solved in allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Thus, it is necessary to find a new immunosuppressant. Recent studies showed that histone deacetylase inhibitor has immunomodulatory effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA on acute graft versus host disease in mice and the immunomodulatory effects. METHODS: C57BL/6(H-2b)→BALB/C(H-2d) was selected as donor and recipient of complete allotransplantation. At 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after transplantion, mice in the treatment group were intraperitoneally given SAHA (35 mg/kg) (0.2 mL). Mice in the control group were intraperitoneally given sterile water 0.2 mL/time. Flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR and pathology were used to compare the clinical manifestations, survival time and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cell percentage of acute graft versus host disease in mice of both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the treatment group, the time of acute graft versus host disease was delayed and the extent was reduced and survival time was longer compared with the control group. Survival rate was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P < 0.05). After transplantation, the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells gradually increased with prolonged time in the treatment group. On the contrary, the proportions of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells gradually decreased with prolonged time in the control group (P < 0.05). Above data suggested that SAHA delayed the occurrence of acute graft versus host disease and lessened the severity of acute graft versus host disease possibly through elevating the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in rats with acute cauda equina syndrome Fu Zhi-yi, Liu Xing-zhen, Wu Yu-jie, Zhu Tong, Jin Wen-jie 2014, 18 (49):  7914-7918.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.008 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (1787KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Endogenous hydrogen sulfide can be used as a new gaseous signaling molecule, and has important signal transfer function and biological regulation effects. OBJECTIVE: To study the neuroprotective effects of hydrogen sulfide in rats with acute cauda equina syndrome. METHODS: The 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. Experimental group, model group: laminectomy was performed at the lumbar 4 (L4) level of the vertebra, and a piece of silicone (10 mm long, 1 mm thick, and 1 mm wide) was placed under the laminae of the L5-6 vertebra to produce the animal model of cauda equina syndrome. Sham surgery group: a simple laminectomy was performed in L4, but silicone was not implanted. In the experimental group, 20 μmol/kg NaHS was injected intraperitoneally at 1 hour before model establishment. Model and sham surgery groups: an equal volume of saline was injected intraperitoneally. At 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after model establishment, malonaldehyde and glutathione levels in cauda equina nerve tissue were detected. Simultaneously, hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL staining were performed at 48 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that cauda equina nerve tissue was dense and regular, with complete myelin sheath, no axon swelling in the sham surgery group. Cauda equina nerve tissue was sparse, with the presence of demyelination, and partial axons and myelin sheath swelling in the model group. Cauda equina nerve tissue was tight, with axonal swelling and demyelination in the experimental group. TUNEL staining demonstrated that the number of positive cells was less in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in the sham surgery group. Abundant positive cells were detected in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in the model group. The number of positive cells was significantly lower in the experimental group than that in the model group. Malonaldehyde levels were lower in the sham surgery and experimental groups than in the model group (P < 0.05,  P < 0.01), but glutathione levels were higher than model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). These results indicated that hydrogen sulfide could decrease oxidative stress and protect cauda equina nerve in rats with acute cauda equina syndrome. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and usage of aphasia computer training software modeling   Jiang Ying-ping, Zhou Yi-fan, Qin Bing, Shen Jian-guo 2014, 18 (49):  7919-7923.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.009 Abstract ( 484 )   PDF (601KB) ( 828 )   Save BACKGROUND: The aid treatment of aphasia is mainly achieved through computer training system, and the applied software of the market at present is mainly Chinese aphasia training system software. The software for a native Uighur aphasia patient does not apply and no research of Uygur language aphasia training software has been reported. OBJECTIVE: To design a clinic oriented training software for Uighur aphasia, based on training specifications of rehabilitative therapist in the treatment of Uighur aphasia patients. METHODS: The experiment was conducted from January 2013 to December 2013 in South and North areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, deeply researching the common and familiar life material of the Uyghur’s and combining the life custom of the Uyghur’s, to screen the relevant materials of the speech rehabilitation training, preliminary build up the living language material database of the Uyghur’s. Basing on this database, we designed the computer-assisted application software which has the Uygur and Chinese double interface. The software is designed by the software research and development personnel in accordance with the requirements of the members of our group, with Uygur and Chinese double interface speech rehabilitation training software. 30 Uygur aphasiac patients after stroke in Xinjiang were screened for clinical trials and evaluation, the software after many corrections, detailed recorded the valuable dates and the problems existing in the experimental stage. And we constantly communicate with the software designers so as to repeatedly revise the wrong in the process of training, and eventually developing a set of basic mature Uygur language aphasia and training software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A set of basic mature Uygur aphasia training software was designed. With the research and development of the Uighur aphasia training software, speech therapists of Xinjiang get a fully functional, easy operation, flexible extension training tool, which help to reduce the workload of speech therapists and improve the clinical efficiency. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Tougu Xiaotong capsule on articular cartilage changes in rat models of osteoarthritis   Wu Guang-wen, Ye Jin-xia, Zheng Chun-song, Chen Wen-lie, Liu Xian-xiang, Ye Hong-zhi 2014, 18 (49):  7924-7929.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.010 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (983KB) ( 624 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tougu Xiaotong capsule is the clinical prescription for the treatment of osteoarthritis, however, its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Urokinase type plasminogen activator system which participated in the degradation of the extracellular matrix of articular cartilage and hyperplasia of joint synovium plays an important role in the pathological process of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of Tougu Xiaotong capsule on urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in knee cartilage tissues of knee osteoarthritis rats. METHODS: Of 144 Sprague-Dawley rats, 120 rats were randomly made into models of knee osteoarthritis via intra-articular injection of papain, and randomly assigned to model group, Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group [1.2 g/(kg•d)], low-dose Tougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.092 g/(kg•d)], moderate-dose Tougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.184 g/(kg•d)] and high-dose Tougu Xiaotong capsule group [0.368 g/(kg•d)]. Each group contained 24 rats. Every 2 weeks was considered as a course, with a 2-day interval, totally 4 courses. The remaining 24 normal rats were included in the blank group. After every two courses, a batch of experimental animals was sacrificed. The pathological changes were observed following staining with hematoxylin and eosin. The positive cells of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by immunohistochemistry. The protein levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and plasminogen activator inhibitor were measured by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mankin’s score was significantly lower in the Tougu Xiaotong capsule group and Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group compared with the model group (P < 0.01), in a time-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining indicated that the positive cells of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor were significantly decreased, but plasminogen activator inhibitor was significantly increased in the Tougu Xiaotong capsule group and Zhuanggu Guanjie Wan group in a time-dependent manner. Western blot assay results had an identical trend to immunohistochemistry. These indicated that Tougu Xiaotong capsule showed preventive and therapeutic effects on osteoarthritis by regulating urokinase-type plasminogen activator system. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishing myocardial infarction animal models by the median sternotomy versus the left intercostal thoracotomy   Yang Shao-ling, Tang Ke-qiang, Tao Jun-jia, Gu Fang-fang, Guo Qing-kui 2014, 18 (49):  7930-7937.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.011 Abstract ( 446 )   PDF (984KB) ( 696 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies addressing coronary heart disease are largely dependent on the establishment of myocardial infarction animal models. It is very important that exploring a safe method with easy operation, less damage, long time survival and high survival rate for myocardial infarction animal model OBJECTIVE: To compare the pros and cons of two kinds of thoracotomy anterior descending coronary artery ligation to do myocardial infarction animal model. METHODS: Thirty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, median sternotomy incision, and left sternal incision. The anterior descending coronary artery was ligated after thoracotomy. The operation time, amount of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative food intake, and recovery time of eating were monitored during the surgery and within 24 hours after the surgery. And myocardial enzyme indexes were also monitored within 24 hours after the surgery. Rabbits were detected with ultrasonic echocardiogram at 4 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different levels of ST segment elevation appeared in median sternotomy and left sternal incision groups by echocardiogram. The success rate of modeling was 70% in median sternotomy incision group, and 80% in left sternal incision group. Within 24 hours post-surgery, the myocardial enzyme indexes in the two groups were significantly increased compared with before surgery (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction and the left ventricular shortening fraction were significantly decreased when compared to before surgery (P < 0.05). The operation time was shorter, the amount of bleeding was less, the time of eating recovery was less and the amount of eating was much in median sternotomy group than in left sternal incision, with significant differences between he two groups (P < 0.05). The median sternotomy incision for the ligation of anterior descending coronary artery is better than the left sternal incision to establish myocardial infarction models. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A heart failure staging model based on machine learning classification algorithms Su Feng, Zhang Shao-heng, Chen Nan-nan, Wang Jia-hong, Yao Jian-hua, Tang Jing-hui, Wu Wen-mei, Chen De 2014, 18 (49):  7938-7942.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.012 Abstract ( 810 )   PDF (698KB) ( 1909 )   Save BACKGROUND: Early detection and accurate staging diagnosis of heart failure are the basis of good clinical therapy efficacy. Due to lack of simple and effective staging model for the diagnosis of heart failure, it is difficult to diagnose heart failure in clinics, leading to poor control of heart failure. OBJECTIVE: To establish the disease staging model based on Adaboost and SVM for heart failure, and improve the accuracy of diagnosis and staging of heart failure. METHODS: A total of 194 cases were rolled into this study, including heart failure patients and healthy physical examination persons. According to the stage standards formulated by American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association, specific clinical feature parameters closely related to heart failure were collected and selected. Based on clinical diagnosis results and using Adaboost model and SVM model, we trained the models for heart failure diagnosis and staging, thus obtaining diagnosis model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The parameters included stroke volume, cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, left atrial diameter, left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and heart rate variability. As for the Adaboost model, its sensitivity and specificity was 100% and 94.4%, respectively. At the same time the SVM model had good sensitivity and specificity, 86.5% and 89.4% respectively. Adaboost classification model can be accurate in the diagnosis of heart failure symptoms, the accuracy reached 89.36%. On the basis of the diagnosis of heart failure, the SVM classification model is effective in staging the severity of heart failure, staging accuracy for staging B and C was 86.49% and 81.48%, respectively. The findings indicate that, combining Adaboost and SVM machine learning models could provide an accurate diagnosis and staging model for heart failure. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Aerobic exercise affects c-Src mRNA expression and c-Src activity in aortic vascular endothelial cells of spontaneous hypertensive rat models    Ren Cai-ling, Qi Jie, Zhang Jun 2014, 18 (49):  7943-7947.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.013 Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (677KB) ( 905 )   Save BACKGROUND: Proto-oncogene c-Src plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. At present, there were no studies concerning exercise intervention effects on c-Src expression in aortic endothelial cells so as to regulate hypertension. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of aerobic exercise on c-Src mRNA expression and c-Src activity in the aorta blood vessel endothelial cells of spontaneous hypertensive rats. METHODS: A total of 8 male Wistar rats were considered as normal control group. Sixteen spontaneous hypertensive rats were randomly assigned to 8 rats as spontaneous hypertension group and 8 rats as spontaneous hypertension exercise group. Rats in the spontaneous hypertension exercise group carried on 90 minutes unloaded aerobic swimming every day, 6 days a week, for 8 weeks. The rats in the normal control group and spontaneous hypertension group did not swim. Blood pressure of rats was measured once a week. 8 weeks later, the c-Src mRNA expression and c-Src activity were determined in aortic vascular endothelial cells of rats in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with spontaneous hypertension group, blood pressure was lower, but c-Src mRNA expression and c-Src activity were significantly higher in the spontaneous hypertension exercise group. The c-Src activity and c-Src mRNA expression were higher in the spontaneous hypertension exercise group than normal control group and spontaneous hypertension group (P < 0.01). Results indicated that aerobic exercise can promote the increase in c-Src activity and c-Src mRNA expression in aortic endothelial cells of spontaneous hypertensive rats. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Variation of T cell subset during acute rejection after liver transplantation in rhesus monkeys Ran Jiang-hua, Liu Jing, Zhang Xi-bing, Zhang Sheng-ning, Wu Shu-yuan, Li Lai-bang, Li Wang, Li Li 2014, 18 (49):  7948-7954.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.014 Abstract ( 633 )   PDF (751KB) ( 624 )   Save BACKGROUND: Looking for the early diagnosis of acute rejection indicators after liver transplantation can assess the risk after liver transplantation quickly and effectively, and T lymphocytes play the significant role in acute rejection. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between acute rejection and variation of expression of T cell subset in blood after liver transplantation in rhesus monkey.  METHODS: The sixteen liver transplant models in rhesus monkey which were constructed successfully by the method of “double-cuff and one support tube” were divided into two groups randomly: experiment group (no treated by immunosuppressant in perioperative period) and control group (treated by immunosuppressant in perioperative period). Then the blood specimen and liver tissue respectively were collected at 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours after operation. The levels of alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were detected with the fully automatic biochemical analyser. The levels of CD4+/CD8+ were tested by flow cytometry. The liver tissue in rhesus monkey after liver transplantation was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The degree of acute rejection was evaluated by Banff Score System. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Acute rejection appeared in the experiment group at 12, 24, and 72 hours after liver transplantation. Levels of alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 24 and 72 hours after transplantation (P < 0.05). The expression of CD4+/CD8+ of the experiment group and control group began to rise at 6 hours after surgery, but the experiment group increased the most obvious. CD4+/CD8+ expression was significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group at 24 and 72 hours after transplantation (P < 0.05). Morphological pathology was severer, and Banff score was higher in the experiment group than in the control group at 72 hours (P < 0.05). These data suggested that the variation of expression of CD4+/CD8+ was earlier than the change of liver tissue pathology and the change of liver function in the early acute rejection after liver transplantation. The rise of level of CD4+/CD8+ after liver transplantation indicated the increase of cellular immunity in body, which had an important role in the early diagnosis of acute rejection after liver transplantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of autologous transplantation of nucleus pulposus after local injection of compound betamethasone   An Wen-bo, Jiang Jin-ting, Zhang Lun-guang, Zhang Zhi-yong, Zheng Ji-yuan 2014, 18 (49):  7955-7960.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.015 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (2544KB) ( 558 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compound betamethasone injection has been widely used to treat intervertebral disc herniation, but its precise mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of local injection of compound betamethasone on substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia of rat models undergoing autologous transplantation of nucleus pulposus. METHODS: A total of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: blank group, model group, sham surgery group, and western medicine group, with 9 rats in each group. After 1 week of adaptive feeding, rat models of autologous transplantation of nucleus pulposus were established in the model and western medicine groups. At 3, 7 and 12 days after surgery, the rats were given 128.25 μL saline in the model and sham surgery groups. The rats in the western medicine group were administered Betamethason Compound Injection 13.5 μL + 2% Lidocaine Injection 67.5 μL. At 12 hours after final administration, L4-6 segments of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion were obtained, and substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide contents in L4-6 segments of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion were determined using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant differences in mean fluorescence intensity of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide were detected in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in each group (P < 0.01). Further paired comparison showed that compared with the blank and sham surgery groups, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide contents were significantly higher in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion in the model group (P < 0.01), which verified that models could be replicated and were reliable. Compared with the model and sham surgery groups, substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide contents were significantly lower in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion of rats in the western medicine group (P < 0.01). Above results confirmed that Compound Betamethasone Injection for treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation eliminated substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal root ganglion possibly by inhibiting dorsal root ganglion neuron synthesis and secreting substance P and reduced their transmission to the spinal cord, resulting in inhibiting and lessening pain. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular growth factors during the early phase of induced cerebral aneurysm formation in rats    Li Shao-shan, Wang Zeng-liang, Serick•Duysenbi, Wang Yong-xin, Cheng Xiao-jiang, Zhou Qing-jiu, 2014, 18 (49):  7961-7966.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.016 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (2302KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor play a crucial role in embryonic development, wound healing, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hypoxia and other physiological and pathological processes, and participate in the development and progression of brain damage. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-α during the early phase of cerebral aneurysm formation in rats. METHODS:Twenty-eight healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups. Sham operation group (n=8): the left carotid artery bifurcation and bilateral renal artery were only exposed, without ligation, and rats were killed that day. 15 days group (n=10) and 30 days group (n=10): the left common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery and bilateral renal artery were ligated, to establish aneurysm model, and rats were killed at 15 and 30 days, respectively. The bilateral sides of the anterior cerebral artery/olfactory artery bifurcations were harvested and observed under light microscopy for pathological changes. Immunohistological staining was performed to detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-α. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that, no aneurysm formed in the sham operation group and 15 days group. In the 30 days group, one saccular aneurysm and five early aneurysm-like changes were found in the right anterior cerebral artery/olfactory artery bifurcations. In the sham operation group and 15 days group, no vascular endothelial growth factor was expressed. In the 30 days group, the positive rate of vascular endothelial growth factor was up to 80%, indicating that vascular endothelial growth factor is possibly involved in the formation of aneurysm. Transforming growth factor-α expression in the sham operation group and 15 days group was more apparent than that in the 30 days group, indicating that transforming growth factor-α is damaged or secretion is reduced in this process, which was possibly related to the formation of aneurysm. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital three-dimensional model reconstruction of the cardiac cavity    Chen Zhong-zhong, Zhang Jian-fei, Su Zhi-jian, Lian Deng-wei, Yang Ya-ru, Zhu Hui-yu 2014, 18 (49):  7967-7973.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.017 Abstract ( 507 )   PDF (905KB) ( 708 )   Save BACKGROUND: Digital three-dimensional model which can reflect the fine structure of the chambers inside heart not only enhances the understanding of cardiac physiology, but also provides basic medical data for the study of cardiac electrophysiology simulation and endocardial electrophysiological mapping navigation. OBJECTIVE: To construct the digital three-dimensional model of cardiac cavity from sectional data and in conformity with the actual anatomical structure. METHODS: Image segmentation was accomplished in MATLAB environment. Firstly, registration of human cardiac cavity slice dataset was realized. Secondly, classifying each composition was achieved by clustering method according to color characteristics of the image. Then, both cardiac cavity and related connected region was distinguished by region growing method. At last, the processed image was reconstructed through dedicated medical processing software into three-dimensional model of the cardiac cavity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The proposed method could reconstruct quite exquisite three-dimensional model of the cardiac cavity. In models, left and right atrial and ventricular structure was clear. Aorta and superior vena cava were visible. Three tricuspid and mitral valve were also observed. Results indicated that reconstructed model can reflect the anatomical characteristics of cardiac cavity accurately, and provide basic medical data for the study on electrophysiological simulation and endocardial electric mapping. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of hepatic signal transduction proteins following reduced-size liver transplantation in rats Liu Jing, Li Li, Ran Jiang-hua, Zhang Sheng-ning, Li Lai-bang, Gao Yang, Chen Yi-ming, Zhang Xi-bing 2014, 18 (49):  7974-7978.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.018 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (568KB) ( 557 )   Save BACKGROUND: The proteome is a highlight technology in medical research fields lately, and has been reported to be applied in basic research fields related to liver transplantation. However, it has not been heard that the proteome has been used in research related to reduced-size liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study expression of hepatic differential proteins related to signal transduction using proteomics after reduced-size liver transplantation in rats. METHODS: On the basis of successful establishment of rat models of reduced-size liver transplantation, transplanted liver tissues were obtained at 1, 3 and 7 days after transplantation. Postoperative liver tissue and normal donor, receptor liver tissues were subjected to solid pH gradient two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns were set up. Differentially expressed protein spots were identified using tandem mass spectrometry analysis and database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Seventy-two differential protein stains were found taking 10 times measure. Finally, 32 proteins with clear functions were identified. Of them, four proteins participated in signal transduction, and they distributed at 3 and 7 days after liver transplantation, accounting for 6%. Results verified that on the basis of successful and stable establishment of rat models of reduced-size liver transplantation, proteomics technology was utilized to study differential proteins involving in signal transduction after reduced-size liver transplantation, and this study provides data for further deep investigation of regulating MicroRNA of these proteins. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation of calcium dobesilate in the treatment of chronic renal allograft dysfunction Zheng Xue-yang, Han Shu, Zhou Mei-sheng, Fu Shang-xi, Wang Li-ming 2014, 18 (49):  7979-7984.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.019 Abstract ( 518 )   PDF (367KB) ( 1590 )   Save BACKGROUND: Calcium dobesilate (calcium dihydroxy-2, 5-benzenesulfonate) has been widely used to treat chronic venous insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy, especially many clinical studies showed that calcium dobesilate as vasoprotective compound ameliorates renal lesions in diabetic nephropathy. However, there are few literatures reported calcium dobesilate in the treatment of chronic renal allograft dysfunction after renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy and safety of calcium dobesilate on chronic renal dysfunction after renal transplantation. METHODS: A total of 152 patients with chronic renal allograft dysfunction after renal transplantation were enrolled from the Military Institute of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. They were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=78) and the control group (n=74). Patients in the treatment group received 500 mg of calcium dobesilate three times daily for eight weeks. All patients were treated with calcineurin inhibitor-based triple immunosuppressive protocols and comprehensive therapies.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For patients receiving calcium dobesilate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid decreased significantly at two weeks after treatment and maintained a stable level (P < 0.05). However, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen returned to the original level soon after drug withdrawal. No significant difference was observed in blood cell count, liver function, blood lipids, electrolytes, blood pressure and 24-hour urine output between the two groups before and after therapy (P > 0.05). Administration of calcium dobesilate did not change the general condition of patients with renal insufficiency, nor did it affect blood concentrations of the immunosuppressive agents. Calcium dobesilate may help to delay the progress of graft injury in patients with chronic renal graft dysfunction by conjugating with creatinine, ameliorating the impaired microcirculation and its antioxidant property. The decline in serum creatinine alleviates patients’ anxiety and concern arising from the elevation of creatinine. However, the negative interference with serum creatinine caused by calcium dobesilate should be cautious in order to avoid misjudgment of patients’ condition. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and significance of research-based clinical liver transplantation specimen bank for hepatocellular carcinoma   Zhang Qing, Hao Yu-wen, Yue Yang, Chen Hong, Wang Le-tian, Chen Xin-guo, Shen Zhong-yang 2014, 18 (49):  7985-7989.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.020 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (608KB) ( 1157 )   Save BACKGROUND: The establishment of a standardized clinical liver transplantation specimen bank is the primary condition for scientific research in this field, which can help to provide a qualified sample resource platform for research.  OBJECTIVE: To primarily establish biological specimen bank of hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation, to explore the standardized procedures of specimen collection, processing and preservation of hepatocellular carcinoma for liver transplantation, and to establish the sound and comprehensive information management system of clinical information of collected specimens. METHODS: In accordance with standardized procedures to establish biological specimen banks, the operational processes and quality control system were formulated. Liver tissue and blood samples of hepatocellular carcinoma recipients undergoing liver transplantation were regularly collected, managed and stored. Simultaneously, liver tissue and blood samples of benign liver disease in liver transplant recipients and of healthy donor were collected as controls. A systematic management was conducted in collected specimens and corresponding clinical information. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From August 2009, tissue and blood samples of 501 cases of receipts and donors undergoing liver transplantation with complete clinical information were collected from the specimen bank, including 203 hepatocellular carcinoma specimens, 214 benign liver disease specimens and 84 healthy donor specimens. These specimens included tumor tissue, adjacent tissues and distal non-cancerous tissue specimens, totally 1 773. A total of 45 specimens were randomly selected for quality monitoring. The collected specimens had a high quality. Specimen information data computer management system was developed. This study initially established a standardized research-based clinical transplantation specimen bank, which is helpful to elevate sample quality and has a good manipuility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Anesthetics in establishment of rabbit models of ileal neobladder   Shen Jian, Huang Chun-xia, Yu Yun-lan, Liu Hong-xin, Cheng Zhi-jun 2014, 18 (49):  7990-7994.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.021 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (604KB) ( 692 )   Save BACKGROUND: The anesthesia process is required strict in establishing rabbit models of ileal neobladder. It is required for cleaning operation field, quick postoperative recovery, and the choice of anesthetics and anesthesia does not influence smooth muscle peristalsis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the anesthetic effects between urethane and chloral hydrate in rabbits with ileal neobladder. METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were randomly assigned to urethane and chloral hydrate groups, and were respectively anesthetized with 20% urethane 5 mL/kg and 10% chloral hydrate 2 mL/kg through the ear vein. Double ureter was dissociated at 1 cm outside original bladder, and 15 cm-intestine obtained from 10 cm of ileocecal junction was implanted so as to establish models of ileal neobladder. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Heart rates were significantly lower compared with these before anesthesia in all cases (P ≤ 0.05), but no differences were detected between two groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the chloral hydrate group, the maintain time and recovery time were longer and the mortality rate was higher in the urethane group. Above data indicated that chloral hydrate is a safe long-acting anesthetic in establishing rabbit models of ileal neobladder. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of recombinant adenovirus vector for human matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene and detection of collagen type III degradation in vitro   Du Chao, Jiang Ming-de, Zeng Wei-zheng, Zheng Shu-mei 2014, 18 (49):  7995-8000.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.022 Abstract ( 431 )   PDF (2030KB) ( 687 )   Save BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 can degrade extracellular matrix, which is mainly collagen type I, and has the potential to reverse fibrosis tissue. OBJECTIVE: To construct the recombinant adenovirus vector containing human matrix metalloproteinase-1 (hMMP-1) gene with GatewayTM Clone Technology, and observe the capacity of degrading collagen type III in vitro. METHODS: The gene hMMP-1 was amplified by using PCR from the pcDNA3.1 plasmid and was cut down by the double endonuclease. The linear gene fragment was connected to the entry vector pENTERTM 1A. Then the entry clone and the destination vectors pJTI™ R4 Dest CMV-N-EmGFP pA Vector recombined using the LR reaction to form the expression clone pAd-hMMP-1-eGFP. The linear pAd-hMMP-1-eGFP cut down by endonuclease Pac I was transfected into HEK293A cells to packaging the Ad-hMMP-1-eGFP. The transfected situation was observed under a fluorescence microscope, the target protein expression was detected by western-blot assay and RT-PCR. Cells can be divided into three groups: blank control group: HEK293A cells, AD-EGFP group: HEK293A cells were infected by Ad-eGFP, AD-HMMP1-EGF group: HEK293A cells were infected by Ad-hMMP1-eGFP and collagen type III. The content of collagen type III was detected by ELISA kits after 24, 48 and 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was confirmed that the entry vector and the destination vector both contained hMMP-1 target gene by restriction analysis and sequencing. The green fluorescent protein was observed in the 293A cells transfected by the Ad-hMMP-1-eGFP at 4 days. The fluorescence intensity was the highest at 10 days. The virus was collected at 12 days, the viral titer was determined as 4.84 × 1010 PFU/mL, the target protein was efficient expression via western-blot assay. Blank control group and AD-EGFP group had no obvious change of collagen content with the extension of time. The rate of collagen degradation in AD-HMMP1-EGFP group was 24%, 56% and 81% respectively at 24, 48, 72 hours. AD-HMMP1-EGFP group degraded collagen significantly compared with the other two groups (P < 0.01). The recombinant adenovirus vector containing hMMP-1 was successfully constructed by using the Gateway technology, this method was more efficient and specific than with the traditional methods. The hMMP1 degraded collagen type III significantly in vitro. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effect of colchicine on transforming growth factor β1/Smads pathway in rat models of chronic pancreatitis    Lu Hong-wei, Zhang Ya-fei, Ji Hong, Wang Jin-long, Li Yi-ming 2014, 18 (49):  8001-8006.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.023 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (2686KB) ( 633 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pancreatic stellate cells transforming growth factor β1/Smads signaling pathway activation is probably a main molecular mechanism of pancreatic fibrosis. If this pathway can be blocked, the progression of fibrosis of tissues with chronic pancreatitis will be inhibited. OBJECTIVE: To study the inhibitory effect of colchicine on transforming growth factor β1/Smads pathway in chronic pancreatitis rat models. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into colchicines-treated group and chronic pancreatitis group. After successful establishment of rat models of chronic pancreatitis, the rats in the colchicines-treated group were intraperitoneally injected with colchicine 150 μg/kg daily. The rats in the chronic pancreatitis group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of physiological saline daily. Pancreatic tissues were collected after 3 months. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe histopathological changes of pancreatic tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions of transforming growth factor β1 in pancreatic tissue. Western blot assay was utilized to detect the expressions of P-Smad2, P-Smad3 and α-SMA protein in pancreatic stellate cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results revealed that compared with the colchicines-treated group, glandular tissue had reduced, while fibrous connective tissue and inflammatory cells had increased obviously and replaced the pancreatic gland tissue in the chronic pancreatitis group. Immunohistochemical staining results demonstrated that the expression levels of transforming growth factor β1 and the index of positive cells were significantly lower in the colchicines-treated group than those in the chronic pancreatitis group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay results revealed that the results of P-Smad2/β-actin, P-Smad3/β-actin and α-SMA/β-actin in pancreatic stellate cells were significantly lower in the chronic pancreatitis group than those in the colchicines-treated group (P < 0.05). Results suggested that colchicine could inhibit the activity of transforming growth factor β1/Smads pathway and pancreatic tissue fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis rats. Therefore, colchicine can be used as a new candidate therapeutic scheme for chronic pancreatitis fibrosis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of dietary intervention versus metformin treatment on retinol binding protein 4 expressions in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease   Ma Hong, Guo Chun-hua, Yang Xiang-jiu, Lu Hua-dong, Chen Li-gang, Huang Yan-ling, Zhang Wen-qiang 2014, 18 (49):  8007-8014.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.024 Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (3240KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: Conflicting data have been reported regarding the expression of retinol-binding protein 4 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of dietary intervention versus metformin treatment on expression of retinol-binding protein 4 in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to six groups, including two normal control groups (rats were killed after 8 and 16 weeks of normal diet), two HFD groups (rats were killed after 8 and 16 weeks of high-fat diet), one dietary intervention group (rats were killed after 8 weeks of high-fat diet and 8 weeks of normal diet) and one metformin treatment group (rats were killed after 8 weeks of high-fat diet and 8 weeks of high-fat diet and metformin treatment). The levels of retinol-binding protein 4 in serum and biochemical indexes were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of retinol-binding protein 4 mRNA in liver tissues was measured via western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models were successfully established by high-fat diet. Liver tissues of high-fat diet fed rats showed progressing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histology, from non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Dietary intervention increased retinol-binding protein 4 expression in liver tissue as well as improving liver enzyme, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and alleviated impaired liver histology. Metformin treatment only alleviated hepatic steatosis caused by high-fat diet. The results indicated that retinol-binding protein 4 expression might play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metformin treatment can alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histology,dietary intervention should be the fundamental treatment. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Rabbit models of recurrent aphthous ulcer replenished with superoxide dismutase   Hu Jing, Zhu Jian-hua, Wang Shuai 2014, 18 (49):  8015-8019.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.025 Abstract ( 381 )   PDF (801KB) ( 593 )   Save BACKGROUND: The precise pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous ulcers remains controversial in present medical science. Oxygen free radical increase in the body is one of the causes of recurrent aphthous ulcers. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of superoxide dismutase on the therapeutic effect of recurrent aphthous ulcers. METHODS: After establishing 24 rabbit models of recurrent aphthous ulcers, they were randomly assigned to three groups. Model control group as a contrast was not treated. Rabbits in the negative control group were cleaned with iodoglycerin in local region daily. Rabbits in the superoxide dismutase group were intragastrically administered with superoxide dismutase capsule solution. Local ulcer was cleaned with iodoglycerin. One week later, tissue with oral ulcer lesions was obtained and compared. In each group, after model establishment, blood was collected from rabbit ear vein at the same time in the morning every 4 days. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the changes in T cell subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD3+/CD8+. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the ulcer lesions formed, peripheral blood CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio through statistics was apparently lower than normal levels in the model control group and negative control group. However, the number of CD8+ cells was greatly more than normal value. In the superoxide dismutase group,  after administrated with superoxide dismutase capsule, the number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells was gradually increased, but the number of CD8+ cells showed a decreased trend. These data suggested that natural scavenger superoxide dismutase using oxygen free radical can effectively scavenge excessive oxygen free radical in the ulcers, resulting in treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of the structure of rat kidney and inflammatory factors to Blackcurrant Extract at 24 hours after exhaustive exercise    Liu Xia, Jiang Jia-ye, Lu Hai-ying, Gu Cui-ying, Cai Mei-qin 2014, 18 (49):  8020-8025.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.026 Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (863KB) ( 641 )   Save BACKGROUND: The kidney tissues easily affected exercise ischemia reperfusion, increased free radicals and inflammation, resulted in abnormal renal function after acute exercise. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Blackcurrant Extract on the structure of kidney and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB at 24 hours after exhaustive exercise. METHODS: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Rats in the Blackcurrant Extract group were intragastrically administered 0.44 g/kg Blackcurrant Extract. Rats in the quietness control group and 24-hour exhaustive exercise group were intragastrically given an equal volume of distilled water for 6 consecutive weeks. Rats in the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group and Blackcurrant Extract group received no swimming motion until exhaustion fatigue after final intragastric administration. Twenty-four hours later, samples were obtained. Kidney tissue morphology and ultrastructure were observed by electron microscopy and light microscopy. Protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-κB was detected using immunohistochemistry. Tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the quietness control group, tumor necrosis factor-α protein and nuclear factor-κB protein expression in the kidney was higher in the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group, and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was significantly increased (P < 0.01). Compared with the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group, tumor necrosis factor-α protein and nuclear factor-κB protein expression was lower in the Blackcurrant Extract group, and nuclear factor-κB mRNA expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.05); tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression was significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Kidney in the 24-hour exhaustive exercise group showed obvious morphological changes and ultrastructural damage. The structure of the kidney in the Blackcurrant Extract group tended to be normal. Results suggested that Blackcurrant Extract can repair the kidney tissue injury, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, and prevent inflammatory damage in the kidney at 24 hours after exhaustive exercise. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Animal models of spinal cord injury: application and research progress of evoked potentials  Wang Xue-fei, Zhang Jun-wei 2014, 18 (49):  8026-8030.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.027 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (626KB) ( 634 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of industrial society and traffic, the incidence of spinal cord injury has gradually increased. In addition to radiological laboratory examinations, the neurophysiological test also becomes an effective way of auxiliary examination. Due to the high accuracy and easy operating, neurophysiological test is widely used and the evoked potentials play a role in this project. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials in rabbits of spinal cord injury.    METHODS: A computer-based online research of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed with the key words of “spinal cord injury; evoked potentials; animal models” in Chinese and English. Finally 33 articles were included in the analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The operational approach, waveform analysis, application value, influencing factor of somatosensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials were determined in details, the correlation between evoked potentials and prognosis assessment in animals was also detected. Somatosensory evoked potentials is a good indicator for the evaluation of dorsal funiculus of spinal cord, it is easy to operate and reflects the changes of sensory functions. Motor evoked potentials can provide sensitive diagnosis of spinal cord diseases, and they will be used as a means to assess the spinal cord injury during rehabilitation. The combination of the two can provide a more accurate result. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Telemedicine and geriatric diseases: an analysis on international development tendency Liu Shi-min, Bai Ruo-cen, Chen Min 2014, 18 (49):  8031-8036.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.49.028 Abstract ( 441 )   PDF (804KB) ( 629 )   Save BACKGROUND: With the development of science and technology and improvement in living quality, telemedicine has played an important role in daily life, in particular in disease diagnosis and treatment as well as rescue process for elderly people. OBJECTIVE: Based on Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases, to analyze the international telemedicine and elderly disease development so as to provide referential basis for the related study in China.  METHODS: An online retrieval of Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed with the key words “telemedicine” and “geriatric diseases” for papers regarding telemedicine for geriatric diseases published from 2003 to 2013. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) 239 papers regarding telemedicine for geriatric diseases were retrieved in Web of Science from 2003 to 2013. As per distribution by country for publications, USA published the highest number of papers (n=93, 38.912%). As per distribution by institute for publications (2003-2013), University of Washington was most prolific, followed by Columbia University, The University of Queensland and The University of Western Australia (Australia). Among the included journals, Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare published the greatest number of papers (n=20, 8.368%). The number of included papers gradually increased over the 10-year study period. Among these 239 papers, only 4 of them were from China, indicating that Chinese scholars paid relatively little attention in this research field, and the number and quality of Chinese papers on telemedicine for geriatric diseases need to be improved. (2) 18 studies regarding telemedicine for geriatric diseases were registered in ClinicalTrials.gov database from 2003 to 2013. Interventional studies (n=15) accounted for the largest proportion, followed by observational studies. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics