Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (20): 5282-5294.doi: 10.12307/2026.328

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Clinical application and prospects of MXene-based materials for the repair of bone defects

Wang Liang1, Zhang Xin1, He Wei2, Wang Jian1   

  1. 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; 2Chengdu Institute for Drug Control; Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Chemical Medicine of SiChuan Medical Products Administration, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-07-28 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2025-12-02
  • Contact: Wang Jian, MD, Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Liang, Master candidate, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82271034 (to WJ); Innovative Research Group of Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province, No. 2023NSFSC2000 (to WJ); National Natural Science Foundation Youth Science Fund Project, No. 82201128 (to ZX)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, two-dimensional transition metal carbon/nitride (MXene) and its derivatives have demonstrated considerable potential for application in the field of bone defect repair due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, high photothermal conversion ability, and intrinsic antimicrobial and osteogenic abilities.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive description of the biomedical properties of MXene, and to summarize the progress made in the application of MXene-based materials in the repair of bone defects.
METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang, covering publications from 2005 to 2025. The English and Chinese search terms were “MXene, bone defect, bone repair, bone regeneration, bone tissue engineering.” Following a rigorous screening process, 97 articles were systematically selected for in-depth analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MXene exhibits excellent biocompatibility along with antimicrobial, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, photothermal properties and electrical conductivity. When incorporated into bone tissue engineering scaffolds, MXene can endow the scaffolds with multifunctional characteristics including anti-infective capability, immunomodulatory function, enhanced mechanical strength, and osteogenic potential. These attributes highlight MXene's significant promise as a guided bone regeneration membrane material. Moreover, owing to its remarkable bioactivity and antimicrobial performance, MXene emerges as an ideal candidate for constructing high-performance implant coatings. Notably, the successful development of MXene-based 3D printing inks has established a critical foundation for fabricating bone scaffolds with intricate architectures. The versatile properties of MXene impart multifunctionality to 3D-printed scaffolds, substantially expanding their application prospects in bone defect repair.

Key words: MXene, bone defect, bone tissue engineering, bone repair, bone regeneration, bone defect repair

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