Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (20): 5295-5303.doi: 10.12307/2026.742

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Repairing bone defects with active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine combined with hydrogels: successes and challenges

Xu Yawei1, Meng Shilong1, Zhang Xu1, Wang Chengjie1, Yuan Yifeng2, Shi Xiaolin2, Wang Jiao3, Liu Kang2     

  1. 1The Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China; 2The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, Zhejiang Province, China; 3Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-07-11 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2025-12-02
  • Contact: Liu Kang, MD, Associate professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, Zhejiang Province, China
  • About author:Xu Yawei, Master candidate, The Second Clinical Medical School, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82274272 (to LK); Key Scientific Research Support Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 2025JKZDZC10 (to LK)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Integrating active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine into hydrogel systems, either as an alternative to growth factors or in synergy with growth factors, is expected to significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of biomaterials in bone defect repair.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the benefits of the effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in enhancing the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of hydrogel materials, as well as their recent advancements in facilitating bone repair during the synergistic construction process with hydrogels.
METHODS: Chinese and English search terms were “Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine monomer, hydrogel, carrier, bone tissue engineering, bio-material, bone, bone repair, bone defect.” Relevant articles were searched from 2005 to 2025 in the CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 65 articles were included for summary.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine can improve biocompatibility, mechanical capabilities, and degradation qualities of hydrogels. Their combined application overcomes the mechanical and bioactivity bottlenecks of single materials. The combination of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with hydrogels significantly enhances bone repair capacity through four key dimensions: regulating bone metabolism, promoting cartilage formation, inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, and promoting vascularization and angiogenesis. However, current research on the combination of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine with hydrogels in bone tissue engineering remains inadequate, and practical clinical applications remain challenging. 

Key words: effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, hydrogel, bone repair, bone defect, bone tissue engineering, biomaterial

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