Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (20): 5304-5311.doi: 10.12307/2026.147

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3D-printed biodegradable polyester-based scaffolds in bone regeneration therapy

Tang Hao1, Zhong Qian2, Wu Honghan1, Wu Hengpeng1, Wu Xingkai1, Wa Qingde1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China; 2Chongqing Yongchuan District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chongqing 402160, China
  • Accepted:2025-05-24 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2025-12-02
  • Contact: Wa Qingde, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Tang Hao, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82160577 (to WQD); Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, No. ZK[2021]007 (to WQD); Guizhou Province Outstanding Young Science and Technology Talent Training Project, No. [2021]5613 (to WQD) 

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Degradable polyester-based materials, exemplified by polylactic acid and polycaprolactone, have emerged as research hotspots in bone regeneration due to their controllable degradability, robust mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. However, the inherent hydrophobicity of these materials, the acidic microenvironment of degradation byproducts, and the compatibility with traditional bone repair needs still need to be further optimized.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically investigate the compatibility between the physicochemical properties of polyester-based materials and 3D printing techniques, elucidate scaffold pore modulation, bioactive factor loading strategies, and degradation-regeneration synchronization mechanisms, and critically evaluate current technical bottlenecks and clinical translation barriers.
METHODS: Chinese and English search terms were “printing, three-dimensional, 3D printing, three-dimensional printing, additive manufacturing, bioprinting, biocompatible materials, absorbable implants, polyesters, bioabsorbable, bioresorbable, biodegradable, resorbable, polyester, PLA, polylactic acid, PGA, polyglycolic acid, PCL, polycaprolactone, bone regeneration, bone and bones, bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, bone repair, osseous regeneration, bone defect, fracture healing, osteogenesis, tissue scaffolds, scaffold, 3D scaffold.” We searched for relevant literature in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases. Finally, 71 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 3D-printed polyester scaffolds demonstrate remarkable potential in bone repair through personalized structural design, bionic multiscale porosity, and precise biofunctionalization. However, critical challenges persist: limited cell adhesion due to material hydrophobicity, localized inflammatory risks from degradation byproducts, and insufficient printing resolution for microvascular structure biomimicry. Future research should integrate material modifications (e.g., molecular weight gradient control and topological optimization), intelligent printing technologies (e.g., 4D-responsive materials), and standardized clinical evaluation frameworks to advance functionalized bone regeneration scaffolds toward clinical translation.


Key words: 3D printing, bioabsorbable polyesters, bone regeneration, bone defect repair, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, fused deposition modeling, bioinspired scaffold, clinical translation

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