Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (17): 3641-3649.doi: 10.12307/2025.629

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Copper influences the occurrence and development of diabetic complications 

Luo Yuncai1, Meng Maohua1, 2, Li Ying1, 2, Wang Huan1, Lu Jing1, Shu Jiayu1, Li Wenjie1, Sun Jinyi1, Dong Qiang1, 2     

  1. 1School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Prosthodontic Implantation, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-04 Accepted:2024-08-05 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2024-11-06
  • Contact: Dong Qiang, MD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Prosthodontic Implantation, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Luo Yuncai, Master candidate, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As an essential trace element for body growth and development, copper participates in many processes such as redox process, energy generation, signal transduction and bone metabolism. The imbalance of copper homeostasis in diabetic patients will lead to the increase of oxidative stress and the impairment of antioxidant mechanism, which stimulate the production of inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors, and thus lead to cytotoxicity and body damage. In recent years, the role of copper in diabetes has gradually attracted attention, and some studies have confirmed that copper plays a key regulatory role in the pathological process of diabetes. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current progress in the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes and provide some theoretical reference for its future research and treatment.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and WanFang databases for literature related to the role of copper in systemic complications of diabetes. The search terms were “copper, Cu, diabetes, diabetic complications, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic osteoporosis, diabetic periodontitis” in English and Chinese, respectively. After screening, 95 articles were included in the review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Copper is involved in the occurrence and development of diabetic complications and most of the damage caused by copper to the body is due to interference with the body’s redox level. (2) In diabetic cardiomyopathy, increased Cu2+ in the corpuscular circulation and impaired uptake of copper ions by cardiomyocytes, the accumulation of redox-active Cu2+ and ceruloplasmin outside the cardiomyocyte induces copper oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, leading to acute cardiac impairment. (3) In diabetic nephropathy, the toxic effect of excessive copper leads cause granular degeneration and vacuolar degeneration of renal tubular epithelial cells and proximal tubular necrosis, eventually leading to chronic or acute renal failure. (4) Excessive copper in diabetic patients can produce reactive oxygen species and directly or indirectly affect the function of copper protein with antioxidant function, thus damaging retinal cells. (5) In patients with diabetic osteoporosis, accumulated copper induces lipid peroxidation and interferes with bone metabolism. Copper acts on osteoblasts mainly through inhibition of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. (6) Excessive copper exacerbates inflammatory changes in periodontal tissue by promoting inflammatory responses.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words: type 2 diabetes, diabetic complication, copper, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic osteoporosis, diabetic periodontitis

CLC Number: