Establishment and significance of a three-dimension finite element model of the whole cervical spine (C0-T1) in normal human

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0167

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The spine structural unit of the cervical spine is a common site of degeneration and trauma. Establishing a good cervical spine model is of great practical significance for studying the biomechanical changes of cervical vertebrae under various conditions, preventing and treating cervical injuries, and improving the treatment methods of neck and effects.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimension finite element model of the whole cervical spine (C₀-T₁) in normal human and provide a good experimental application basis for further biomechanical research.

METHODS: A healthy adult volunteer was selected as the object for data collection. The original data obtained by 256-row CT thin layer scanning, which then has been extracted and edited by software to implement reverse reconstruction. The three-dimensional finite element model of whole cervical spine (C₀-T₁) was established by the numerical simulation. The range of motion at various directions and mechanical characteristics were verified.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The model had 208 631 nodes and 660 876 solid elements. The range of motion in all directions was good. In addition to the larger C₀-C₁ mobility, all the rest of the segmental motions were consistent with previous literatures. The geometric and biomechanics characters of three-dimensional finite element model of the whole cervical spine (C₀-T₁) were highly similar to the intact one. The validation of the model was positive.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程

Key words: Cervical Vertebrae, Biomechanics, Bioengineering, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Liu Wei-cong, Chen Xiong-sheng, Zhou Sheng-yuan, Chen Bo，Xu Zheng. Establishment and significance of a three-dimension finite element model of the whole cervical spine (C₀-T₁) in normal human [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2018, 22(11): 1707-1712.

Figures/Tables 1

2.1 人体全颈椎三维有限元模型形态此模型根据正常人体通过高分辨率CT扫描的精确数据，成功地模拟、构建了包括颅底、寰椎、枢椎、中下颈椎在内的所有颈椎椎体及相关的椎间盘、后方小关节、椎板、棘突、前纵韧带、后纵韧带、棘上韧带、黄韧带、棘间韧带、关节囊韧带在内的重要骨性结构及韧带等软组织结构的三维模型，总共包括208 631个节点和660 876个单元(表2)，模拟外形上比较接近正常人体结构，拟真程度度高，具有很好的几何相似性。实验得到人体全颈椎三维有限元模型图1所示。 2.2 全颈椎(C0-T1)三维有限元模型各方向活动度结果在前屈及后伸活动度比较中，可以看出，除了C0-C1和C1-C2的活动度比参考文献的标准差稍高之外，其余节段的活动度均落在既往文献的标准差之内(表3) [6-9]。本模型在左右侧方屈曲及轴向旋转方向上的活动度见表4，5。与既往文献资料相比，除了C0-C1活动度稍大之外，其他节段所有的活动度均落在上述文献资料范围内。 2.3 全颈椎(C0-T1)三维有限元模型应力分布结果模型后伸时应力主要集中在C1前部，与齿状突接触的地方，以及其他节段的小关节和椎弓根处(图2A)。前屈时应力主要集中在C0前部以及其他节段的椎体部分和终板处，这是因为施加纯扭矩，导致coupling单元的表面应力集中(图2B)。往左右侧方屈曲时应力主要集中在C0前部以及其他节段的侧弯方向小关节部分和同侧椎弓根处。其对侧也有部分应力集中，尤其在C1-2和C2-3、以及C7-T1的前纵韧带和小关节处较为明显(图2C)。往左右侧方轴向扭转时扭转应力分布主要集中在C0-2的椎体前部，以及扭转方向对侧的C3-T1小关节和椎弓根处(图2D)。左右方向上应力部位稍有差异。在进行局部赋予1.5 Nm纯扭矩载荷的条件下，对模型在前屈、后伸、左右侧弯和轴向扭转各个方向上的运动度测量，通过与既往文献报道资料的活动度进行比较验证，并分析模型在各方向活动时局部应力分布情况基本与正常人体力学特性吻合。实验认为：在不同载荷条件下，该模型在各个方向上的活动度及力学特性真实，通过模型验证。"

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Establishment and significance of a three-dimension finite element model of the whole cervical spine (C₀-T₁) in normal human

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