Muscle force response characteristics of the slipping leg after an unexpected slip

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3045

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Surface electromyogram signal is often used for qualitative analysis of muscles in the process of autonomic balance recovery after unexpected slips, but there is little research on the response characteristics of muscle force.
OBJECTIVE: By the combination of gait analysis and simulation technology to study the muscle force response characteristics of the slipping leg when an unexpected slip of the heel occurs during walking straightly.
METHODS: Five healthy subjects were recruited, wearing shoes uniformly, and asked to walk normally on two different straight footpaths (dry oil-free and oil-coated paths). The Vicon motion system and AMTI force measuring platform were used to collect the motion data. Based on the AnyBody Modeling System, a human musculoskeletal model matching with the subjects was established. The model was driven by the motion data, and the data of muscle force were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recovery time after an unexpected slip was 15%-45% of a gait cycle and the single support phase was shortened. In the course of autonomic recovery, the muscle strength of the semitendinosus was increased by 25.6% (P < 0.05), and the muscle strength of the short head of biceps femoris increased by 14%. The maximum muscle strength of the medial gastrocnemius increased from 8.4 N/kg to 13.6 N/kg, and that of the lateral gastrocnemius increased by 17.4%. These findings indicate that: in the process of recovering the balance after unexpected slips, the semitendinosus, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gastrocnemius produce great muscle force, and meanwhile, the time of single support phase is shortened, so as to quickly transfer the gravity of human body from the sliding leg to the dragging leg and keep the body balance. After the balance recovery from the slip, the human body will make a prediction in the later period of the swing phase to prevent the slip again.

Key words: slipping leg, unexpected slip, muscle, skeleton, muscle force, autonomic balance, gait

CLC Number:

Song Liming, Su Hailong. Muscle force response characteristics of the slipping leg after an unexpected slip[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2021, 25(8): 1184-1189.

Figures/Tables 3

正常无滑与滑后恢复相比较，股直肌发生作用的时间一致，且滑后的肌肉力最大值(8.83 N/kg)小于正常无滑最大值(12.45 N/kg)；第一双支撑相内滑后恢复情况下股二头肌长头产生的肌肉力的平均值[(7.16±1.34 )N/kg]大于正常无滑的平均值[(5.10±2.46) N/kg]，但是最大值却减小，在第二双支撑相内滑后恢复肌肉力的变化范围较大；股二头肌短头在站立相内变化趋势不相同，滑后恢复情况下肌肉力值变化的速率大于正常无滑，且单支撑期后段内出现了一个较大的峰值；股外侧肌、股内侧肌在发生滑移后产生肌肉力的时间滞后于正常无滑，整体变化趋势相同，都呈现三峰状态，但站立相内最大值不同；半腱肌在第一双支撑相最大值(13.11 N/kg)小于正常无滑情况下的最大值(17.38 N/kg)，在单支撑期内两者变化趋势相同；内侧腓肠肌在站立相内变化趋势相同，在滑后恢复阶段产生的肌肉力的最大值(13.6 N/kg)大于正常无滑时的最大值(8.4 N/kg)，但是恢复正常后最大值却小于正常无滑最大值；发生滑移时，外侧腓肠肌产生肌肉力的持续时间(步态周期15%-60%)比正常无滑情况(步态周期20%-55%)长，且产生的肌肉力大；在滑移恢复过程中胫骨前肌产生肌肉力的值明显减小。除了股直肌、外侧腓肠肌不发生作用之外，其余的肌肉在摆动相后期(80%-100%)内肌肉产生肌肉力的时间平均提前了3%。 2.4 肌肉力最大值为了能够进一步研究两种情况下肌肉力在不同阶段的变化情况，对各阶段肌肉力的最大值进行了分析，结果见图5所示。在第一双支撑相内，两种情况下股直肌、股内侧肌、股外侧肌、外侧腓肠肌的最大值都趋近于0，胫骨前肌、股二头肌短头、半腱肌和内侧腓肠肌产生肌肉力的最大值均有明显的减小(P < 0.05)，而股二头肌长头增加了0.24 N/kg(P > 0.05)。在单支撑相内，发生滑移后股直肌、内、外侧腓肠肌的肌肉力显著性减小(P < 0.05)，股二头肌长头和内侧腓肠肌分别减小了13.8%及14.9%；股二头肌短头、半腱肌和外侧腓肠肌分别增加了14.0%，25.6%及17.4%(P < 0.05)。在第二双支撑相内，股直肌、内侧腓肠肌分别减少了30.0%及19.7%(P < 0.05)，外侧腓肠肌、半腱肌分别增加了18.9%及16.6%，股二头肌长头和短头最大值均显著增加(P < 0.01)；在摆动相内，胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌最大值均发生显著变化，其余各肌肉无明显变化。 "

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