Establishment of a rabbit model of early femoroacetabular impingement and its morphological characteristics

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0852

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a disease causing pain and dysfunction of hip joint in young active populations and has been paid more and more attention in recent years. However, its pathogenesis
and optimized treatment have not been fully understood.
OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model of early FAI in New Zealand rabbits and investigate the feasibility of this model for the study on FAI by morphological observation.
METHODS: Twelve New Zealand rabbits were given unilateral femoral osteotomy with adduction 30° and external rotation 45° to establish the animal model of early FAI, and were then euthanized at 4 and 16 weeks in batches. Hip X-ray films were taken for comparison, the hip specimens were obtained for gross observation, then hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining were performed to observe the cartilage morphology in the area of impingement, and the cartilage degeneration was evaluated by Mankin scores.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Some low-density round areas were visible at the subchondral bone of the femoral head-neck conjunction in partial modeling femurs by X-ray. Gross specimen indicated the signs of cartilage injury at the impinging area. Histological observation also proved the cartilage degeneration at the femoral head-neck conjunction and acetabular labrum. The Mankin scores of the surgical side were significantly higher than those of the control side. Therefore, the animal model of early FAI in New Zealand rabbit is established successfully, which facilitates researches on the pathogenesis and treatment of FAI.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: Acetabulum, Osteotomy, Osteoarthritis, Models, Animal, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Xiong Ao, Luan Xin-yu, Lin Jian-jing, Kang Bin, Zeng Hui. Establishment of a rabbit model of early femoroacetabular impingement and its morphological characteristics[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2018, 22(28): 4501-4506.

Figures/Tables 3

References

[1] Myers SR, Eijer H, Ganz R.Anterior femoroacetabular impingement after periacetabular osteotomy. Clin Orthop Relat Res.1999;(363):93-99.

[2] Eijer H, Myers SR, Ganz R.Anterior femoroacetabular impingement after femoral neck fractures.J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15(7): 475-481.

[3] Ganz R,Parvizi J,Beck M,et al.Femoroacetabular impingement: a cause for osteoarthritis of the hip.Clin Orthop Relat Res.2003;(417):112-120.

[4] Sangal RB, Waryasz GR, Schiller JR.Femoroacetabular impingement: a review of current concepts.R I Med J (2013). 2014;97(11):33-38.

[5] Amanatullah DF, Antkowiak T, Pillay K, et al. Femoroacetabular impingement: current concepts in diagnosis and treatment. Orthopedics.2015l38(3):185-199.

[6] Khan M, Bedi A, Fu F, Karlsson J, et al.New perspectives on femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.Nat Rev Rheumatol.2016;12(5):303-310.

[7] Monazzam S, Bomar JD, Dwek JR,et al.Development and prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement-associated morphology in a paediatric and adolescent population: a CT study of 225 patients.Bone Joint J.2013;95-B(5): 598-604.

[8] Ramachandran M, Azegami S, Hosalkar HS.Current concepts in the treatment of adolescent femoroacetabular impingement. J Child Orthop.2013;7(2):79-90.

[9] Swenson KM, Erickson J, Peters C, et al.Hip pain in young adults: diagnosing femoroacetabular impingement. JAAPA. 2015;28(9):39-45.

[10] Pathy R, Sink EL.Femoroacetabular impingement in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Pediatr.2016;28(1): 68-78.

[11] Chaudhry H, Ayeni OR. The etiology of femoroacetabular impingement: what we know and what we don't. Sports Health.2014;6(2):157-161.

[12] Leunig M, Beaule PE, Ganz R, et al. The concept of Femoroacetabular Impingement: Current status and future perspectives. Clin Orthop Relat Res.2009;467(3):616-622.

[13] Hartofilakidis G, Bardakos NV, Babis GC, et al. An examination of the association between different morphotypes of femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic subjects and the development of osteoarthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(5):580-586.

[14] Papalia R, Del Buono A, Franceschi F, et al. Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome management: arthroscopy or open surgery? Int Orthop.2012;36(5):903-914.

[15] Collins JA, Ward JP, Youm T. Is prophylactic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement indicated? A systematic review.Am J Sports Med.2014;42(12):3009-3015.

[16] Kuhns BD, Weber AE, Levy DM, et al.The Natural History of Femoroacetabular Impingement.Front Surg.2015;2:58.

[17] Packer JD, Safran MR.The etiology of primary femoroacetabular impingement: genetics or acquired deformity? J Hip Preserv Surg.2015;2(3):249-257.

[18] Zadpoor AA.Etiology of Femoroacetabular Impingement in Athletes: A Review of Recent Findings. Sports Med. 2015; 45(8):1097-1106.

[19] Nepple JJ, Clohisy JC•ANCHOR Study Group Members. Evolution of Femoroacetabular Impingement Treatment: The ANCHOR Experience.Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2017; 46(1): 28-34.

[20] Siebenrock KA, Fiechter R, Tannast M, et al.Experimentally induced cam impingement in the sheep hip. J Orthop Res. 2013;31(4):580-587.

[21] Adolphe M, Parodi AL Ethical issues in animal experimentation. Bull Acad Natl Med. 2009;193(8):1803-1804.

[22] Beck M, Kalhor M, Leunig M, et al.Hip morphology influences the pattern of damage to the acetabular cartilage: femoroacetabular impingement as a cause of early osteoarthritis of the hip. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005;87(7): 1012-1018.

[23] Mankin HJ.The reaction of articular cartilage to injury and osteoarthritis (first of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1974;291(24): 1285-1292.

[24] Mankin HJ.The reaction of articular cartilage to injury and osteoarthritis (second of two parts). N Engl J Med. 1974;291 (25):1335-1340.

[25] van der Sluijs JA, Geesink RG, van der Linden AJ, et al.The reliability of the Mankin score for osteoarthritis.J Orthop Res. 1992;10(1): 58-61.

[26] Pollard TC, Villar RN, Norton MR, et al. Genetic influences in the aetiology of femoroacetabular impingement: a sibling study. J Bone Joint Surg Br.2010; 92(2):209-216.

[27] Leunig M, Slongo T, Ganz R. Subcapital realignment in slipped capital femoral epiphysis: surgical hip dislocation and trimming of the stable trochanter to protect the perfusion of the epiphysis. Instr Course Lect.2008;57:499-507.

[28] Banerjee P, McLean CR. Femoroacetabular impingement:a review of diagnosis and management. Curr Rev Musculosketlet Med. 2011;(1):23-32.

[29] Fraitzl CR, Nelitz M, Cakir B, et al. Transfixation in slipped capital femoral epiphysis: long-term evidence for femoroacetabular impingement. Z Orthop Unfall. 2009;147(3): 334-340.

[30] Laborie LB, Lehmann TG, Engesæter IØ, et al. Prevalence of radiographic findings thought to be associated with femoroacetabular impingement in a population-based cohort of 2081 healthy young adults. Radiology. 2011;260(2): 494-502.

[31] Ramachandran M, Azegami S,Hosalkar HS. Current concepts in treatment of adolescent femoroacetabular impingement. J Child Orthop. 2013;7(2):79-90.

[32] Tannast M, Goricki D, Beck M, et al.Hip damage occurs at the zone of femoroacetabular impingement. Clin Orthop Relat Res.2008;466(2): 273-280.

[33] Crespo Rodríguez AM, de Lucas Villarrubia JC, Pastrana Ledesma MA, et al.Diagnosis of lesions of the acetabular labrum, of the labral-chondral transition zone, and of the cartilage in femoroacetabular impingement: Correlation between direct magnetic resonance arthrography and hip arthroscopy.Radiologia. 2015;57(2):131-141.

[34] Meermans G, Konan S, Haddad FS, et al.Prevalence of acetabular cartilage lesions and labral tears in femoroacetabular impingement.Acta Orthop Belg. 2010;76(2): 181-188.

[35] Flannelly J, Chambers MG, Dudhia J, et al.Metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression in the murine STR/ort model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage.2002;10(9):722-733.

[36] Staines KA, Madi K, Mirczuk SM,et al.Endochondral Growth Defect and Deployment of Transient Chondrocyte Behaviors Underlie Osteoarthritis Onset in a Natural Murine Model. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(4):880-891.

[37] Akagi R, Sasho T, Saito M, Yet al.Effective knock down of matrix metalloproteinase-13 by an intra-articular injection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in a murine surgically-induced osteoarthritis model.J Orthop Res. 2014;32(9):1175-1180.

[38] Ferrell WR, Kelso EB, Lockhart JC, et al.Protease-activated receptor 2: a novel pathogenic pathway in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis.2010;69(11):2051-2054.

[39] Lim NH, Meinjohanns E, Meldal M, et al.In vivo imaging of MMP-13 activity in the murine destabilised medial meniscus surgical model of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(6):862-868.

[40] Botter SM,van Osch GJ,Waarsing JH,et al.Quantification of subchondral bone changes in a murine osteoarthritis model using micro-CT. Biorheology.2006;43(3-4):379-388.

[41] Haque Bhuyan MZ,Tamura Y,Sone E,et al.The intra-articular injection of RANKL-binding peptides inhibits cartilage degeneration in a murine model of osteoarthritis. J Pharmacol Sci.2017;134(2):124-130.

[42] Leunig M, Beck M, Kalhor M, et al. Fibrocystic changes at anterosuperior femoral neck: prevalence in hips with femoroacetabular impingement. Radiology. 2005;236(1): 237-246.

[43] Dimmick S, Stevens KJ, Brazier D, et al. Femoroacetabular impingement. Radiol Clin North Am. 2013;51(3):337-352.