Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (35): 9316-9326.doi: 10.12307/2026.238
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Wang Xiaojing1, Wei Jingyi1, Liu Xihua2
Received:2025-09-28
Revised:2025-11-14
Online:2026-12-18
Published:2026-04-30
Contact:
Liu Xihua, PhD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, Shandong Province, China
About author:Wang Xiaojing, MS candidate, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
Supported by:CLC Number:
Wang Xiaojing, Wei Jingyi, Liu Xihua. A visualized analysis of vagus nerve stimulation in the field of stroke rehabilitation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(35): 9316-9326.
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2.1 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复应用领域年发文量分析 根据统计结果显示,中英文文献年发文量整体呈增长趋势,英文文献发文量总体多于中文文献发文量。英文文献发文量在2012-2015年仅个位数,在2016年出现第一次突增,随后保持平稳态势,在2021年出现第二次突增,2024年发文量最多(42篇)。中文文献在2012-2013年间并未出版相关主题文献,2014-2021年研究较少,发文仅个位数,2023年出现突增,同年发文量最多(17篇)。从总体发文趋势看,近5年迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域的应用受到热切关注,见图2。 2.2 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复应用领域国家分布 对所纳入的文献以“国家”为节点类型进行分析,得到节点数N=22,连线数E=24,网络密度为0.103 9的国家共现图谱,见图3。发文量最多的国家为中国(63篇),其次是美国(62篇)、英国(33篇)。从发文中心性来看,美国位列第一(0.7),其次是英国(0.58)、澳大利亚(0.23)。发文量与中心性排名前5的国家见表1。结果表明,中国虽然是发文量最多的国家,但其中心性只有0.14,较美国有一定的差距,可能与资金投入和人才等因素有关。从图谱上得知,目前迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域方面的研究主要以中国和美国两个国家为主阵营,未来中国应加大与周边国家的交流合作,以提高科研成果的产出率和国际影响力。"
2.3 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的作者分析 将所纳入的文献以“合作作者”为节点类型对中英文文献进行分析,结果如图4,5所示。中文文献分析得到节点数为160,连线数为303,网络密度为0.023 8的作者共现图谱。其中,赵敬军发文量最多,为3篇,其次是江钟立、章晓峰、王利凯、刘宏亮等,均为2篇。从图中可以看出,发文量较多的作者均形成自己的研究团体,但团体间合作较少。英文文献分析得到节点数为421,连线数为1 211,网络密度为0.013 7的作者共现图谱,发文频次排名前5的作者为HAYS SETH A(17篇)、KILGARD MICHAEL P(16篇)、DAWSON JESSE(14篇)、RENNAKER ROBERT L(12篇)、KIMBERLEY TERESA J(11篇)。发文频次排名第一的作者是来自德克萨斯大学达拉斯分校的HAYS SETH A教授,致力于研究迷走神经刺激技术及其在脑卒中领域的应用,并在该领域研究成果丰厚,从图中可以看出,各个研究团体之间连线较多,表明其合作较为紧密。国内外对比来看,国内研究团体间合作不足,未来应建立开放合作平台,加强团队间的交流合作,共同提高研究成果的国际影响力。 2.4 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的机构分析 以“机构”作为节点类型,对中英文文献进行分析。中文文献得到得到节点数100,连线数66,网络密度为0.013 3的机构共现图谱,见图6所示,发文量排名前5的机构见表2。中文文献发文量最多的是重庆医科大学(7篇),但除了中国中医科学院针灸研究所和上海中医药大学康复医学院的中心性为0.01,其余发文较多的机构均为0,表明各研究团队为单一群体,并未与其他机构建立相关"
合作联系,可能与国内初期研究较不成熟有关,未来应加大各团队间的学术交流,共同推进科研成果产出与该技术的临床推广与应用。英文文献得到节点数143,连线数323,网络密度为0.031 8的机构共现图谱,如图7所示。通过图谱得知,在该领域的研究大部分集中在各个国家的高校,发文量排名前5的机构中3所来自美国,另外2所来自中国和英国。University of Texas System发文量最多为28篇,其次是University of Texas Dallas为23篇,形成了以德克萨斯大学系统为核心的研究团队。其中,Harvard Medical School(哈佛医学院)中心性排名第一,为0.14。表明其与其他高校的合作交流较多,但总体来看各个机构间合作不足,且研究团队多集中在各高校,临床研究方面可能有欠缺。 2.5 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的文献共被引分析 以“被引文献”作为节点类型对英文文献进行分析,得到节点数205、连线数367、网络密度0.017 6的文献共被引图谱,见图8。从图谱中得知,发表年份相近的文章间连线较多,表明这些文献在该时期共同获得了学界的关注。共被引频次排名前5的文献如表3所示。其中DAWSON J的文献共被引频次最高,表明其研究存在较高的价值,同时也是该领域的核心人物。DAWSON J团队主要致力于研究迷走神经刺激对脑卒中患者上肢功能的影响,将迷走神经刺激联合康复训练运用于慢性脑卒中(病程大于3年)患者中,提出“迷走神经刺激+任务特异性康复”协同是疗效的关键,并且该研究证明迷走神经刺激对慢性脑卒中功能长期改善仍有可能。此外,该研究团队还将门诊迷走神经刺激联合康复治疗过渡到家庭自主迷走神经刺激结合个性化居家锻炼方案,解决了门诊康复的诸多不便,可作为慢性卒中患者长期居家康复的辅助手段。同时,WU DD团队也出现在高被引频次行列中,该团队验证了经皮耳迷走神经刺激对亚急性缺血性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能恢复的有效性和安全性,也表明在脑卒中康复领域非侵入性迷走神经刺激的研究价值。 2.6 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的被引期刊分析 以“被引期刊”为节点类型对英文文献进行分析,得到节点数为180,连线数为416,网络密度为0.025 8的被引期刊图谱,见图9。共有47种期刊发表了有关于迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的文献。被引中心性排名前5的期刊如表4所示,其中《Annals of Neurology》杂志(影响因子=7.7)中心性最强,该杂志专注于临床神经病学领域,涉及神经病学的基础研究、临床研究、诊断技术、治疗策略等多个方面,在神经病学领域享有较高的学术声誉和影响力。被引频次排名前5的期刊如表5所示。在被引频次排名前5的期刊中,前3来自美国,剩余2个来自英国和荷兰,表明在该领域中论文发表以欧美国家为主,国内期刊影响力较欧美国家的期刊之间还存在一定的距离,可能与欧美国家科研投入资金较多、经济发达有关。其中,《Stroke》杂志(影响因子=8.9)被引频次最高,该杂志由美国心脏协会主办,专注于脑卒中及脑血管疾病领域的基础、临床和转化研究,其高被引频次也代表了"
其在该领域的权威地位,一定程度揭示了其受到大多数专家学者的关注和认同。结果显示高被引频次及高中心性的期刊发表文献年份多集中在2012年左右,表明迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域中的应用在过去的10年里得到越来越广泛的关注。此外也揭示了高被引频次的期刊所刊登的该领域的研究成果可能是前沿及可靠的,为研究迷走神经刺激对脑卒中后康复的影响提供有价值的参考。 2.7 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的关键词共现分析 以“关键词”为节点类型对中英文文献进行分析,结果如图10,11所示。中文文献分析纳入的节点数为56,连线数为93,网络密度为0.060 4;英文文献分析纳入的节点数为328,连线数为894,网络密度为0.016 7。关键词是对一篇文章主要内容和结论的高度概括和浓缩,对关键词进行分析有助于作者快速抓住该领域的研究热点、研究趋势及其内在联系。出现频次和中心性排名前10的中英文关键词如表6所示,排除与检索策略有关的主题词,中文文献代表性关键词有上肢、运动功能、神经调控等;英文文献代表性关键词有electrical stimulation(电刺激)、upper extremity(上肢)、plasticity(可塑性)等,表明国内外的研究方向基本一致,均是主要探究迷走神经刺激对脑卒中后运动功能的影响及探究其对神经可塑性的影响机制。 2.8 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的关键词聚类分析 利用LLR算法对中英文关键词进行聚类分析,中文文献得到9个聚类群,共纳入92个节点,132条连线,网络密度为0.031 5, 见图12。英文文献得到14个聚类群,共纳入328个节点,894条连线,网络密度为0.016 7,见图13。中文文献(模块值Q=0.752 4 > 0.3,平均轮廓值S=0.941 8 > 0.7)与英文文献(Q=0.759 > 0.3,S=9 192 > 0.7)均可认为所产生的聚类图谱清晰地反映了迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的研究主题分布。中文文献排除检索策略的主题词外,代表性的聚类主要有#3 机制、#4神经保护作用、#6炎性因子、#7吞咽障碍、#8上肢功能等,表明研究重点聚焦于迷走神经的临床应用研究及其改善神经功能的机制研究。英文文献中具有代表性的聚类有#0 non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (无创迷走神经刺激)、#2 transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation(经皮迷走神经刺激)、#5 maavns(motor-activated auricular vagus nerve stimulation,运动激活耳迷走神经刺激),表明未来研究重点聚焦在安全性更高的非侵入式迷走神经刺激领域,一定程度上为未来研究方向提供了参考。 2.9 迷走神经刺激在脑卒中康复领域应用的关键词突现分析 关键词突现反映了该领域的研究热点及未来发展趋势,中文文献共得到10个突现词,英文文献共得到15个突现词,关键词突现图谱如图14,15所示。其中,中文文献突现强度最高的是“运动功能”(突现强度1.54),研究主要集中在2023年;近几年研究热点主要集中在上肢功能康复方面。英文文献突现强度最高的是“cortical plasticity”(皮质可塑性)、突现强度为3.03,在2013-2016年间得到众多研究者的关注,这也与关键词共现和聚类结果相一致,表明研究重点聚焦于迷走神经刺激对改善脑卒中患者神经可塑性方面的研究。近几年的突现关键词为“transcranial magnetic stimulation”(经颅磁刺激)、“induced neuroprotection”(诱导神经保护),表明迷走神经刺激与其他技术的联合应用以及机制探讨可能是未来的研究方向。"
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