Effect of blood viscosity on computational fluid dynamics in vascular network

doi:10.12307/2023.439

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with osteoporosis patients often present with increased blood viscosity, which belongs to the category of “blood stasis” in traditional Chinese medicine. How, the effects of increased blood viscosity on microvascular fluid properties remain to be elucidated.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of blood viscosity on the hydrodynamics of vascular network by computational fluid dynamics.
METHODS: The three-dimensional model of vascular network was constructed based on the Geometry module of ANSYS 19.0 software, and the vascular network was then meshed to tetrahedral elements in Mesh module. The vascular network was assumed to rigid wall without slip, and the blood was assumed to laminar, viscous, and incompressible Newtonian fluid. Blood density, velocity, and a series of blood viscosity coefficients were also established. The Navier-Stokes equation was adopted for simulation. The effects of blood viscosity on the hydrodynamics of different parts of vascular network were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The streamline, velocity, mass flow, and wall shear stress in the vascular network demonstrated a “U” shaped distribution, that is, these contents in outlet and inlet were higher than those in the junction of the vascular network. With the increase of blood viscosity, the streamline, velocity, and mass flow in each part of vascular network became sparse and decreased slightly; however, the wall shear stress increased significantly. The largest percentage change in wall shear stress was observed at the intersection of vascular network. To conclude, blood viscosity will change the hydrodynamics of the vascular network, especially in term of wall shear stress. Computational fluid dynamics can provide a good insight into the influence of blood viscosity alteration on the hydrodynamic performance of the blood, thereby providing a new research tool for the study of osteoporosis based on the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by tonifying the kidney and activating the blood circulation.

Key words: osteoporosis, tonifying the kidney and activating blood circulation, blood viscosity, computational fluid dynamics, angiogenic and osteogenic coupling

CLC Number:

Zheng Liqin, Lai Hourong, Dai Yuexing, He Xingpeng, Wu Minhui, Zheng Desheng, Lin Ziling. Effect of blood viscosity on computational fluid dynamics in vascular network[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2023, 27(28): 4468-4472.

Figures/Tables 6

References

[1] RACHNER TD, KHOSLA S, HOFBAUER LC. Osteoporosis: now and the future. Lancet. 2011;377(9773):1276-1287.
[2] 陈培生, 林小凤, 林凤飞, 等. H型血管耦联成血管-成骨机制在骨微环境重构机制的研究进展[J]. 中华创伤杂志,2021,37(11):1048-1054.
[3] ZHAO Y, XIE L. Unique bone marrow blood vessels couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone homeostasis and diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2020;1474(1):5-14.
[4] KUSUMBE AP, RAMASAMY SK, ADAMS RH. Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. NATURE. 2014; 507(7492):323-328.
[5] 郎爽, 陈恒亭, 马剑雄, 等. 骨科中的细胞力学研究进展[J]. 生物医学工程研究,2021,40(1):88-93.
[6] 李佳宜, 房兵. 力学因素对血管内皮细胞成血管影响及机制的研究进展[J]. 医用生物力学,2020,35(6):760-766.
[7] 王跃申, 于海奕, 徐明, 等. 计算流体力学在冠心病研究中的应用[J]. 生理科学进展,2021,52(4):241-245.
[8] ALBARRAN-JUAREZ J, IRING A, WANG S, et al. Piezo1 and Gq/G11 promote endothelial inflammation depending on flow pattern and integrin activation. J Exp Med. 2018;215(10):2655-2672.
[9] URBICH C, DERNBACH E, REISSNER A, et al. Shear stress-induced endothelial cell migration involves integrin signaling via the fibronectin receptor subunits alpha(5) and beta(1). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(1):69-75.
[10] 魏秋实, 邓伟民, 王海彬, 等. 补肾健脾化瘀方对去势骨质疏松大鼠血液流变学指标的影响[J]. 中华中医药杂志,2014,29(2):618-620.
[11] 欧建英, 梁翎彦, 黄裕桂, 等. 中药熏蒸对尺桡骨骨折内固定术后延迟愈合患者肘、腕关节功能和血液流变学的影响[J]. 中国康复医学杂志,2017,32(12):1370-1375.
[12] 张镝, 贾志杰, 田永利, 等. 补肾中药有效成分对大鼠骨损伤愈合及血液流变学的影响[J]. 中国组织工程研究与临床康复,2011, 15(24):4545-4548.
[13] 高戈, 吴轟, 田静, 等. 补肾活血祛痹方治疗膝骨关节炎临床疗效及其对血液流变学、抗炎、抗氧化的影响[J]. 中国中药杂志,2012, 37(3):390-396.
[14] 王晓燕, 李冠武, 常时新. 三七总皂苷通过血管生成改善绝经后骨质疏松机制探析[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志,2014,20(8):964-967.
[15] 申震, 姜自伟, 李定, 等. 基于牵张成骨技术比较两种补肾法在成血管-成骨耦联机制中的作用差异[J]. 中华中医药杂志,2019, 34(5):2150-2155.
[16] LINDEMANN M C, LUTTKE T, NOTTRODT N, et al. FEM based simulation of magnetic drug targeting in a multibranched vessel model. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021;210:106354.
[17] HAN X, COURSEAUS J, KHAMASSI J, et al. Optimized vascular network by stereolithography for tissue engineered skin. Int J Bioprint. 2018; 4(2):134.
[18] 韩金涛, 乔惠婷, 韩旭, 等. 椎基底动脉延长扩张症的计算流体力学分析[J]. 北京大学学报(医学版),2015,47(2):302-304.
[19] WU LT, WANG JL, WANG YL. Ophthalmic Artery Morphological and Hemodynamic Features in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(14):7.
[20] 卞庆来, 邹小娟, 沈霖. 青娥丸治疗绝经后骨质疏松症肾虚血瘀证的疗效观察[J].中华中医药杂志,2018,33(1):308-312.
[21] 眭承志, 周军, 刘志坤. 绝经后骨质疏松症血瘀病机的客观初步论证[J].中医研究,2005,18(1):30-33.
[22] SOUILHOL C, SERBANOVIC-CANIC J, FRAGIADAKI M, et al. Endothelial responses to shear stress in atherosclerosis: a novel role for developmental genes. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2020;17(1):52-63.
[23] HSU PL, CHEN JS, WANG CY, et al. Shear-Induced CCN1 Promotes Atheroprone Endothelial Phenotypes and Atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2019;139(25):2877-2891.
[24] 赵萍, 刘肖, 邓小燕. 层流剪应力抑制内皮细胞小管形成[J]. 医用生物力学,2019,34(S1):117-118.
[25] THONDAPU V, MAMON C, POON E, et al. High spatial endothelial shear stress gradient independently predicts site of acute coronary plaque rupture and erosion. Cardiovasc Res. 2021;117(8):1974-1985.
[26] DRIESSEN R, STASSEN O, SJOQVIST M, et al. Shear stress induces expression, intracellular reorganization and enhanced Notch activation potential of Jagged1. Integr Biol (Camb). 2018;10(11):719-726.
[28] BIXEL MG, KUSUMBE AP, RAMASAMY SK, et al. Flow Dynamics and HSPC Homing in Bone Marrow Microvessels. Cell Rep. 2017;18(7):1804-1816.
[29] 杨敏, 裴晓方. 高海拔民族地区健康人群血流变指标基本情况探索[J]. 现代预防医学,2019,46(9):1639-1643.
[29] 杨茜, 马杰, 王爽, 等. 体检人群血黏度差异及影响因素[J]. 中国老年学杂志,2019,39(8):1909-1911.
[30] Ko SH, Jung Y. Energy Metabolism Changes and Dysregulated Lipid Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients. 2021;13(12):4556.
[31] 刘芳, 黄海, 邓伟民, 等. 从骨质疏松骨小梁微血管变化剖析瘀血疼痛的基础[J]. 中国老年学杂志,2011,31(5):750-752.
[32] 眭承志, 刘志坤, 甘卫冬, 等. 围绝经期女性骨代谢与“血瘀”相关性研究[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志,2016,22(11):1418-1424.
[33] Peng Y, Wu S, Li Y, et al. Type H blood vessels in bone modeling and remodeling. Theranostics. 2020;10(1):426-436.
[34] Claes L. Improvement of clinical fracture healing - What can be learned from mechano-biological research? J Biomech. 2021;115:110148.
[35] Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP, Schiller M, et al. Blood flow controls bone vascular function and osteogenesis. Nat Commun. 2016;7:13601.
[36] 袁翰. 补肾通络方激活HIF/VEGF信号通路促进骨质疏松大鼠模型的血管生成与抑制骨量流失[D]. 南京:南京中医药大学,2017.
[37] 关德强, 于波, 李欣, 等. 中药促进骨再生的研究进展[J]. 时珍国医国药,2018,29(4):956-958.