Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1963-1968.doi: 10.12307/2022.524

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A systematic review of children’s foot type classification methods

Tang Yunqi1, Zou Lingqiu1, Li Yi2, Wang Zhikang1, Hui Xue1, Li Lingjun1, Guo Xinyu1   

  1. 1College of Art and Design, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-03-06 Revised:2021-03-08 Accepted:2021-03-31 Online:2022-04-28 Published:2021-12-15
  • Contact: Li Yi, MD, Chief physician, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Tang Yunqi, MD, Associate professor, College of Art and Design, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Major Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, No. 21JT002 (to TYQ); a grant from Xi’an Science and Technology Department, No. SF1512(2) (to LY); Shaanxi Provincial Social Development Science and Technology Project, No. 2016SF-333 (to LY) 

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Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The development of abnormal foot will bring adverse effects on the growth and life of children. The early diagnosis of abnormal foot in children is conducive to the timely correction of children’s foot. Here, we review the classification methods of children’s foot types in order to provide valuable references for clinicians in the study of prevention and correction strategies of children’s abnormal foot types. 
METHODS: WanFang, VIP, CNKI, the Web of Science, and PubMed were searched for related literatures on the classification of children’s foot, and the methods for the classification of children’s foot types were summarized and systematically reviewed. 
RESULTS: (1)A total of 12 articles were finally included. The classification of children’s foot types can be divided into four methods: footprint index, radiological assessment, clinical examination, and anthropometric examination. (2)Each classification method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The footprint method is simple and quick, but the measurement results are one-sided. Radiological assessment method has potential radiation risk, high cost and complicated process. Although clinical examination method is quick and has low cost, it has strong subjectivity. Anthropometric tests are more accurate, but very time-consuming. (3)In the previous studies, the economical and fast foot printing method was selected as the classification method of children’s foot type, and a combination of multiple indicators was also used in some studies to improve the accuracy of children’s foot type classification. (4)The combination of multiple indicators is currently considered to be a accurate classification method. 
CONCLUSION: Most of foot type classification methods, which only display the structural characteristics of children’s feet in static state, lack gold standards. Future research needs to establish the relationship between static foot structure and dynamic foot function in order to achieve more accurate and scientific results in the classification of children’ foot types, thereby offering a good strategy for the healthy growth and development of children’s foot until the age of epiphyseal closure.

Key words: foot type classification, child, footprint index, radiological assessment, clinical examination, anthropometric examination

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