Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (33): 5281-5287.doi: 10.12307/2021.314
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Ji Zhongqiu, Li Jiahui, Zhao Panchao, Jiang Guiping
Received:
2020-10-23
Revised:
2020-10-24
Accepted:
2020-11-21
Online:
2021-11-28
Published:
2021-08-03
Contact:
Li Jiahui, Master candidate, Sports Biomechanics Laboratory of Sports Human Science, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
About author:
Ji Zhongqiu, MD, Professor, Sports Biomechanics Laboratory of Sports Human Science, College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Ji Zhongqiu, Li Jiahui, Zhao Panchao, Jiang Guiping. Biomechanical characteristics of children with different body weights during vertical jump[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2021, 25(33): 5281-5287.
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2.2 幼儿纵跳运动学参数 由表3可知,体质量正常组的纵跳高度均高于超重组(P < 0.05)和肥胖组(P < 0.01);肥胖组髋屈曲最大值小于超重组(P < 0.05)和正常组(P < 0.01);肥胖组髋屈曲最小值大于超重组(P < 0.05)和正常组(P < 0.01);正常组膝屈曲最小值大于肥胖组(P < 0.05);正常组踝屈曲最大值大于肥胖组(P < 0.05);肥胖组髋关节变化量小于正常组(P < 0.01)和超重组(P < 0.01);正常组膝关节变化量大于超重组(P < 0.05)和肥胖组(P < 0.01);肥胖组踝关节变化量小于正常组(P < 0.05);肥胖组躯干角小于正常组(P < 0.05)。 2.3 纵跳落地阶段地面反作用力峰值 表4为不同体质量幼儿纵跳落地阶段X,Y,Z共3个方向地面反作用力峰值的比较,由表4可知,肥胖组幼儿在纵跳落地阶段前后方向地面反作用力的峰值显著大于正常组(P < 0.01)和超重组 (P < 0.01);肥胖组垂直地面反作用力的峰值显著大于正常组 (P < 0.01)和超重组(P < 0.05);肥胖组左右方向地面反作用力的峰值显著大于正常组(P < 0.05)。图3为选取的正常体质量、超重和肥胖幼儿,在纵跳落地缓冲阶段3方向的垂直地面反作用力与体质量归一之后的曲线图。从图中可以看出超重和肥胖幼儿3方向力值的主要变化集中在整个落地缓冲阶段的前25%,正常幼儿的垂直方向和左右方向力的主要变化也是集中在落地缓冲阶段的前25%,正常幼儿前后方向力的主要变化则是集中在落地缓冲阶段的前25%-50%。 "
2.4 纵跳运动过程中下肢主要肌肉最大值 由表5可知,在完成纵跳动作时正常组比目鱼肌外侧头小于超重组(P < 0.05)和肥胖组(P < 0.05);腓肠肌外侧头小于超重组(P < 0.01)和肥胖组(P < 0.01);肥胖组腓骨短肌大于超重组(P < 0.05)和正常组(P < 0.05);正常组腓骨长肌、股内侧肌下束小于肥 胖组(P < 0.05);正常组半腱肌、臀小肌前束大于肥胖组 (P < 0.05);肥胖组臀小肌后束小于超重组(P < 0.05)和正常组(P < 0.05);正常组臀中肌前束小于超重组(P < 0.05)和肥胖组(P < 0.01);正常组梨状肌大于肥胖组(P < 0.01);正常组上下孑孓肌、闭孔内肌大于超重组(P < 0.05)。 "
2.5 纵跳过程中体质量指数与运动学、动力学及肌力指标的相关性 从表6可见,体质量指数与膝关节最小角度呈现弱相关,与纵跳高度、髋关节最大角度、髋关节最小角度、膝关节和踝关节关节变化量呈现低度相关,与髋关节关节变化量呈现中度相关,而体质量指数与膝关节和踝关节最大角度、踝关节最小角度和躯干角的相关性无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。体质量指数与前后方向地面反作用力峰值呈现中度相关,与垂直方向和左右方向地面反作用力峰值的相关性无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 体质量指数与腓肠肌外侧头、腓骨长肌和半腱肌呈现低度相关,与臀小肌、梨状肌呈现中度相关,与比目鱼肌外侧头、腓骨短肌、股四头肌、半膜肌、臀中肌、臀大肌、大收肌、上下孑孓肌和闭孔内肌的相关性无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。 "
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