Tissue-engineered bone constructed by co-culture of vascular endothelial cells, adipose derived stem cells, and partially deproteinized biological bone to repair jaw defects

doi:10.12307/2022.328

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The repair of critical bone defects has always been a key problem for clinical surgeons, and bone tissue engineering research provides a new way to solve this problem. How to accelerate the vascularization of tissue-engineered bone and promote the osteogenic differentiation of seed cells is a key problem in the research of bone tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of tissue-engineered bone constructed by co culture system of vascular endothelial cells and adipose derived stem cells and partially deproteinized biological bone to repair bone defects.
METHODS: Three kinds of tissue-engineered bone were constructed in vitro: partially deproteinized biological bone + vascular endothelial cells, partially deproteinized biological bone + adipose derived stem cells, partially deproteinized biological bone + adipose derived stem cells + vascular endothelial cells (the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and adipose derived stem cells = 1 : 1), and partially deproteinized biological bone alone was used as control group. Totally 60 18-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with 12 rats in each group. Four kinds of scaffold materials were implanted into the corresponding mandibular bone defects of SD rats respectively. Only bone defects were made in the blank control group without repair. At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation, the animals were killed for gross observation, X-ray examination, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Masson staining for histological observation. Masson staining sections were taken for quantitative detection of bone collagen.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation showed that the degradation of bone scaffold in the partially deproteinized biological bone + adipose derived stem cells + vascular endothelial cells group was the fastest, and the ability of repairing bone defect was stronger than that in the other groups. Bone defect in the blank control group was not repaired. (2) X-ray examination showed that the partially deproteinized biological bone + adipose derived stem cells + vascular endothelial cells group had bony union at 8 weeks; bone suture had disappeared; bone density increased significantly at 12 weeks; and bone morphology had basically returned to normal. In the other groups, the general shape of the material still existed at 12 weeks, while in the blank control group, the bone defect was not repaired. (3) Histological observation showed that there was no significant difference between partially deproteinized biological bone + adipose derived stem cells group and simple partially deproteinized biological bone group (P=0.607 > 0.05). However, there was significant difference between partially deproteinized biological bone + vascular endothelial cells group and partially deproteinized biological bone + adipose derived stem cells group (P=0.011 < 0.05). There were significant differences between the other groups (P < 0.01). (4) It is concluded that the ability to repair bone defect is the strongest in tissue engineered bone constructed by co-cultured cells, and the influence of vascular endothelial cells is greater than that of adipose derived stem cells.

Key words: adipose derived stem cells, vascular endothelial cells, joint training, tissue-engineered bone, bone defect repair

CLC Number:

Liao Xinyu, Wang Fuke, Li Yanlin, Wang Guoliang, Yang Guiran, Hou Jianfei, Yang Tengyun, Zhong Ruiying. Tissue-engineered bone constructed by co-culture of vascular endothelial cells, adipose derived stem cells, and partially deproteinized biological bone to repair jaw defects[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(13): 2027-2033.

Figures/Tables 9

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