中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 4990-4999.doi: 10.12307/2026.791

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞及其衍生物治疗肝纤维化的作用机制

樊龙雨1,袁  潇1,谢亚楠1,殷晓轩2   

  1. 1山东中医药大学,山东省济南市  250355;2兖矿新里程总医院,山东省济宁市  273599
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-14 接受日期:2025-12-08 出版日期:2026-07-08 发布日期:2026-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 殷晓轩,博士,主任医师,兖矿新里程总医院,山东省济宁市 273599
  • 作者简介:樊龙雨,女,2000年生,山东省德州市人,汉族,山东中医药大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事中西医结合内科疾病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省中医药科技项目(2020Z41),项目负责人:殷晓轩

Action mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives in the treatment of liver fibrosis

Fan Longyu1, Yuan Xiao1, Xie Yanan1, Yin Xiaoxuan2   

  1. 1Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China; 2Yankuang New Journey General Hospital, Jining 273599, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-14 Accepted:2025-12-08 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-02-24
  • Contact: Yin Xiaoxuan, MD, Chief physician, Yankuang New Journey General Hospital, Jining 273599, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Fan Longyu, Master candidate, Physician, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project, No. 2020Z41 (to YXX)

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞:是一种多能干细胞,其来源涵盖骨髓、脐带、脂肪、羊水、胎盘、滑膜、牙髓、月经血、扁桃体以及胎儿或新生儿组织,也可通过诱导多能干细胞体外生成。间充质干细胞能够分化为成骨细胞、软骨细胞、脂肪细胞等多种间质谱系细胞,此外,还通过旁分泌因子、细胞外囊泡、线粒体转移等途径,展现出显著的免疫调节与抗炎活性,具备显著的临床治疗潜力。
肝纤维化:是多种慢性肝病的共同病理阶段,若未得到有效控制,该过程可能发展为肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌。肝纤维化的病理机制主要包括肝细胞损伤、肝脏炎症及肝星状细胞激活,其中肝星状细胞的持续活化是纤维化进程的主要驱动因素,最终导致细胞外基质的过度积累并逐渐取代正常肝组织结构。

摘要
背景:多种慢性肝病迁延不愈均会进入肝纤维化阶段,如未及时得到治疗则最终会进展为肝癌,严重影响患者的生命安全。但目前尚无治疗肝纤维化的特效药,最新研究表明间充质干细胞疗法较传统治疗方案具有显著优势,为肝纤维化治疗提供了新方向。
目的:综述间充质干细胞及其衍生物治疗肝纤维化的作用机制。
方法:以“间充质干细胞,间充质基质细胞,肝纤维化,肝细胞死亡,肝细胞样细胞,免疫调节,巨噬细胞,肝星状细胞,临床试验,临床研究”和“mesenchymal stem cells,mesenchymal stromal cells,MSCs,liver fibrosis,hepatic fibrosis,hepatocyte death,liver cell death,hepatocyte-like cells,immunomodulation,macrophage,hepatic stellate cells,clinical trials,clinical studies”分别作为中、英文关键词,在中国知网、PubMed数据库进行检索,最终纳入符合标准的81篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:通过对现有的研究进行总结,归纳间充质干细胞及其衍生物能够发挥抗纤维化作用并延缓疾病进展的作用机制,具体机制包括减少肝细胞死亡、分化为肝细胞样细胞、调控免疫反应、抑制肝星状细胞活化等,证实间充质干细胞及其衍生物可作为肝纤维化相关疾病治疗研究的新方向。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 衍生物, 肝纤维化, 肝星状细胞, 铁死亡, 机制

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple chronic liver diseases that fail to heal will progress to the stage of liver fibrosis. If not treated in a timely manner, they will eventually develop into liver cancer, severely threatening the safety of patients’ lives. However, there is currently no specific drug for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cell therapy has significant advantages over traditional treatment protocols, providing a new direction for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms of action of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
METHODS: The Chinese and English keywords “mesenchymal stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, MSCs, liver fibrosis, hepatic fibrosis, hepatocyte death, liver cell death, hepatocyte-like cells, immunomodulation, macrophage, hepatic stellate cells, clinical trials, clinical studies” were used and searched in CNKI and PubMed databases, a total of 81 eligible articles were selected for this review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Through summarizing existing studies, the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives exert anti-fibrotic effects and delay disease progression have been identified. These specific mechanisms include reducing hepatocyte death, differentiating into hepatocyte-like cells, regulating immune responses, and inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. These findings confirm that mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives can serve as a new research direction for the treatment of liver fibrosis-related diseases.


Key words: mesenchymal stem cell, derivative, liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cell, ferroptosis, mechanism

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