中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (24): 6182-6188.doi: 10.12307/2026.166

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不同体质量指数老年人太极拳动作中下肢髌股关节力学载荷及相关性分析

李光敏1,王疆娜2   

  1. 1浙江工业职业技术学院公共基础教学部(体育部),浙江省绍兴市   312000;2山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东省济南市   250102

  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 修回日期:2025-09-06 出版日期:2026-08-28 发布日期:2026-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 王疆娜,硕士,副教授,山东体育学院运动与健康学院,山东省济南市 250102
  • 作者简介:李光敏,男,1980年生,硕士,讲师,主要从事运动与健康促进、学校体育等工作。

Mechanical loading of the patellofemoral joint and its correlation with various body mass indices in older adults practicing Tai Chi exercises

Li Guangmin1, Wang Jiangna2   

  1. 1Public Basic Education Department (Sports Department), Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China; 2College of Sports and Health, Shandong Institute of Physical Education, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Revised:2025-09-06 Online:2026-08-28 Published:2026-01-28
  • Contact: Wang Jiangna, MS, Associate professor, College of Sports and Health, Shandong Institute of Physical Education, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Li Guangmin, MS, Lecturer, Public Basic Education Department (Sports Department), Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, China

摘要:



文题释义:
体质量指数:是国际上常用的衡量人体胖瘦程度以及是否健康的标准之一。超重和肥胖可能导致运动时下肢关节压力过载,增加关节疼痛与损伤的风险。
髌股关节:髌骨与股骨骶髌面形成髌股关节,位于膝盖前方,由髌骨和股骨滑车组成。人体运动过程中,髌股关节压力异常会引起膝关节疼痛。

背景:随着中国人口老龄化加剧,超重、肥胖成为老年人下肢关节运动损伤的重要影响因素之一。
目的:对比不同体质量指数老年人太极拳动作与正常步行时的下肢髌股关节力学数据,分析体质量指数与下肢髌股关节力学数据的相关性,探讨不同体质量指数对老年人下肢髌股关节载荷的影响。
方法:根据体质量指数分级招募长期练习太极拳的肥胖组(n=17)、超重组(n=17)和正常组老年人(n=19)。应用VCION三维红外动作捕捉系统与Kistler测力系统,分别采集老年人太极典型动作和正常步行时的运动学及动力学数据,通过建立髌股关节生物力学模型,计算髌股关节力学参数。采用方差分析与相关分析,量化体质量指数对老年人步行及打太极拳过程中髌股关节力学特征的影响。
结果与结论:①相比于正常组,超重组及肥胖组正常步行动作中髌股关节力显著降低(P < 0.05)、髌股关节接触面积峰值显著降低(P < 0.05);太极拳动作中膝关节屈曲力矩、髌股关节力、股四头肌肌力均显著降低(P < 0.05);②老年人体质量指数与太极拳倒卷肱动作的膝关节屈曲角度最大值、髌股关节接触面积最大值、髌股关节接触面积最小值均呈显著负相关(P < 0.05);与搂膝拗步动作的矢状面膝关节伸膝力矩最大值、髌股关节反作用力最大值、髌股关节反作用力最小值、股四头肌肌力最大值、膝关节角度最大值、髌股关节接触面积最大值、髌股关节接触面积最小值均呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。结果表明:随着体质量指数的增加,老年人太极拳动作中下肢髌股关节动态载荷降低;相比于标准体质量者,超重和肥胖老年人群在太极拳搂膝拗步动作的髌股关节力最大值显著降低,表现出较低的下肢髌股关节动态载荷。因此对于超重、肥胖老年人,推荐太极拳作为健身运动项目之一,以避免下肢关节高载荷引起的运动损伤。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4968-4074 (王疆娜) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 髌股关节力, 老年人, 肥胖, 太极拳, 力学载荷, 步行

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As the aging population grows in China, overweight and obesity are increasingly leading to lower limb joint injuries in older adults.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical data of the lower limb patellofemoral joint during Tai Chi movements and normal walking among older adults with different body mass indices, analyze the correlation between body mass index and biomechanical data of the lower limb patellofemoral joint, and investigate the impact of different body mass indices on the mechanical loading of the patellofemoral joint in older adults.
METHODS: The older adults with obesity (n=17), overweight (n=17), and normal body mass index (n=19) who had been practicing Tai Chi for an extended period were recruited based on body mass index classification. The VCION 3D infrared motion capture system and Kistler force measurement system were used to collect kinematic and dynamic data during typical Tai Chi movements and normal walking. A biomechanical model of the patellofemoral joint was established to calculate biomechanical parameters of the patellofemoral joint. The effects of body mass index on the mechanical characteristics of the patellofemoral joint during walking and Tai Chi in the older adults were quantified using analysis of variance and correlation analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the normal group, patellofemoral joint force (P < 0.05) and peak patellofemoral joint contact area during normal walking (P < 0.05) and the knee flexion torque, patellofemoral joint force, and quadriceps muscle strength during Tai Chi movements were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the overweight and obesity groups. (2) The body mass index of the older adults was significantly negatively correlated with the peak knee flexion angle, peak patellofemoral contact area, and minimum patellofemoral joint contact area during the Tai Chi rolling arm movement (P < 0.05). The body mass index of the older adults was significantly negatively correlated with the peak knee flexion torque in the sagittal plane, peak patellofemoral joint force, minimum patellofemoral joint force, peak quadriceps force, maximum knee-joint angle, maximum patellofemoral contact area, and minimum patellofemoral contact area during the brush-knee and twist-step of Tai Chi movement (P < 0.05). The results suggest that as body mass index increases, dynamic loading on the patellofemoral joint in the lower limbs during Tai Chi movements decreases in the older adults. Compared to individuals with standard body mass, overweight and obese older adults exhibit a significant reduction in the peak force of the patellofemoral joint during Tai Chi brush knee and twist step, indicating lower dynamic loading on the patellofemoral joint of the lower limbs. Therefore, Tai Chi is recommended as a fitness exercise program for overweight and obese older individuals to prevent sports injuries from high mechanical loading on the lower limb joints.


Key words: patellofemoral joint force, older adults, obesity, Tai Chi, mechanical load, walking

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