中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (15): 3760-3771.doi: 10.12307/2026.733

• 骨与关节有限元分析Finite element analysis of bones and joints • 上一篇    下一篇

内侧支撑钢板联合固定 Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折伴后内侧骨缺损的有限元分析

玉苏甫·热合曼 1,2 ,木塔力普·斯拉木江 2 ,阿里木江·玉素甫 1,2 ,张子义 1,2 ,冉 建 2   

  1. 1新疆医科大学第六临床医学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054;2新疆医科大学第六附属医院创伤骨一科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830002
  • 接受日期:2025-09-06 出版日期:2026-05-28 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 冉建,主任医师,硕士生导师,新疆医科大学第六附属医院创伤骨一科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830002
  • 作者简介:玉苏甫·热合曼,男,1999 年生,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市人,维吾尔族,新疆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨创伤和骨再生医学相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金培育计划(LFYKYZXJJ2024015),项目负责人:木塔力普·斯拉木江

Finite element analysis of combined fixation of Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture with posteromedial bone defects of varying degrees using a medial support plate

Yusufu·Reheman1, 2 , Mutalipu·Silamujiang2 , Alimujiang·Yusufu1, 2 , Zhang Ziyi 1, 2 , Ran Jian2   

  1. 1The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2First Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-06 Online:2026-05-28 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Ran Jian, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, First Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Yusufu·Reheman, Master candidate, The Sixth Clinical Medical College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; First Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation Cultivation Program of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, No. LFYKYZXJJ2024015 (to MS)

摘要:

文题释义:

内侧支撑钢板:是一种用于治疗股骨颈骨折的内固定装置,通常放置于股骨颈内侧以提供更强的力学支撑。它通过钢板和螺钉的组合固定骨折端,减少移位风险,尤其适用于垂直型或不稳定型股骨颈骨折。相比传统空心螺钉,内侧支撑钢板能更好地抵抗剪切力,降低内固定失败和股骨头坏死的概率。
股骨颈骨折伴后内侧骨缺损:是指股骨颈骨折的同时,后方和内侧的骨结构出现缺失或塌陷,属于不稳定型骨折。这种骨折因支撑力不足容易移位,传统固定(如空心钉)可能失效,需更强的内固定(如支撑钢板)来维持稳定。后内侧骨缺损会显著增加股骨头缺血性坏死和骨折不愈合的风险,需手术中植骨或用特殊固定技术修复。治疗需结合CT评估缺损程度,常采用切开复位、内侧支撑钢板联合植骨,以恢复力学稳定性和愈合条件。

摘要
背景:Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折往往会伴随不同程度的骨缺损,其骨缺损程度与内固定的稳定性是影响骨折愈合的关键因素。
目的:有限元分析模拟并对比联合内侧支撑钢板固定Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折伴不同程度骨缺损的稳定性,为实际临床术式提供实验依据。
方法:利用Mimics 21.0、Geomagic和Solidworks软件构建Pauwels角为70°且伴有4种不同程度后内侧骨缺损的Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折模型,模拟空心钉联合内侧支撑钢板、股骨颈动力交叉钉系统联合内侧支撑钢板、单独股骨颈动力交叉钉系统3种内固定方法,两两组合成12组骨折骨缺损内固定模型组。在单腿站立工况3倍体质量2 100 N的载荷下分析12组模型股骨、内固定、股骨头及骨折面的应力和位移变化。
结果与结论:①在各个程度的骨缺损中,空心钉联合内侧支撑钢板无论在股骨整体还是内固定,其位移与应力都比股骨颈动力交叉钉系统联合内侧钢板及单独用股骨颈动力交叉钉系统固定小;②随着股骨后内侧骨缺损体积的增大,股骨与内固定的位移呈递增趋势;③提示空心钉联合内侧支撑钢板固定相较于股骨颈动力交叉钉系统联合内侧支撑钢板固定在生物力学上更具优势,表现为更小的位移峰值、更均匀的应力分布及更低的应力集中风险;骨缺损区的结构性支撑重建对于伴中、大程度骨缺损的股骨颈骨折治疗极为重要。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 内侧支撑钢板, 股骨颈动力交叉钉系统, 内固定, 骨缺损, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures are often accompanied by different degrees of bone defect. The degree of bone defect and stability of internal fixation are key factors affecting fracture healing.
OBJECTIVE: To simulate and compare the stability of different degrees of bone defects fixed by finite element analysis to provide experimental basis for actual clinical surgery. 
METHODS: Mimics 21.0, Geomagic and Solidworks software were used to construct a model of femoral neck fracture with Pauwels angle of 70° and four posteromedial bone defects of different degrees. Three internal fixation methods of hollow nail combined with medial support plate, femoral neck dynamic cross-fixing system combined with medial support plate, and femoral neck dynamic cross-fixing system alone were simulated to form 12 groups of fracture bone defect internal fixation model groups. The stress and displacement changes of femur, internal fixation, and femoral head of 12 groups of models were analyzed under the load of 3 ploid mass of 2 100 N. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In all degrees of bone defects, the displacement and stress of the hollow nail combined with the medial steel plate were smaller than those of femoral neck dynamic cross-fixing system combined with the medial steel plate and femoral neck dynamic cross-fixing system fixation alone, regardless of whether the femur was fixed as a whole or internally. (2) With the increase of the volume of the posterior medial femoral bone defect, the displacement of the femur and internal fixation showed an increasing trend. (3) It is concluded that compared with femoral neck dynamic cross-fixing system combined with steel plate fixation, hollow nail combined steel plate fixation has more advantages in biomechanics, which is manifested as smaller displacement peak, more uniform stress distribution and lower stress concentration risk. Structural support reconstruction of the bone defect is extremely important for the treatment of femoral neck fractures with moderate to large bone defects.

Key words: femoral neck fracture, medial buttress plate, femoral neck dynamic cross-fixing system, internal fixation, bone defect, finite element analysis

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