中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (9): 2370-2379.doi: 10.12307/2026.651

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    下一篇

不同非手术方法治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸效果的系统综述与网状Meta分析

刘金龙1,阿卜杜吾普尔•海比尔2,白  臻1,苏丹阳1,苗  鑫1,李  菲1,杨晓鹏1   

  1. 1郑州大学第一附属医院,河南省郑州市  450052;2新疆医科大学,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830054
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-04 接受日期:2025-05-07 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2025-09-29
  • 通讯作者: 杨晓鹏,博士,硕士生导师,郑州大学第一附属医院,河南省郑州市 450052
  • 作者简介:刘金龙,男,2000年生,河北省唐山市人,汉族,郑州大学在读硕士,主要从事青少年脊柱侧凸的研究。

Efficacy of different nonsurgical treatments for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Liu Jinlong1, Abuduwupuer·Haibier2, Bai Zhen1, Su Danyang1, Miao Xin1, Li Fei1, Yang Xiaopeng1   

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China; 2Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-03-04 Accepted:2025-05-07 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2025-09-29
  • Contact: Yang Xiaopeng, PhD, Master’s supervisor, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jinlong, Master candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China

摘要:


文题释义

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸:为一种脊柱在冠状面上的侧向弯曲,常伴有椎体旋转和矢状面生理曲度改变。它的发病机制尚不明确,可能与遗传、激素等因素有关。早期通常无症状,但随着病情进展,可能导致双肩不等高、躯干不对称、骨盆倾斜等症状,严重者影响心肺功能;临床诊断主要依靠查体以及影像学检查;治疗方式包括非手术治疗和手术矫形,早期干预对改善预后至关重要。
非手术疗法:非手术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸旨在通过非手术侵入性方法控制侧凸进展、改善姿势及功能,应用于轻中度脊柱侧凸患者。常用方法包括运动干预、支具治疗、牵引疗法、手法治疗、联合治疗等。

摘要
目的:青少年特发性脊柱侧凸保守治疗的干预方式越来越多,尚缺乏全面评估不同非手术干预方式之间疗效对比的研究。通过网状Meta分析对比不同非手术疗法干预脊柱侧凸的有效性,以期为临床医生提供非手术治疗的循证医学参考。
方法:2名研究人员在Web of science、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library独立检索2014年1月至2024年8月发表的有关青少年特发性脊柱侧凸非手术干预的随机对照试验。应用Review Manager 5.4中Cochrane偏倚风险工具进行文献质量评价,以GRADEPro软件进行证据评估,采用R Studio进行成对分析以及网络荟萃分析,结局指标通过累计曲线下面积排序,比较不同非手术干预的临床疗效。
结果:①共纳入26项随机对照试验,共1 212例患者,被随机分配接受19种不同治疗方式中的一种;②偏倚风险评估显示,大部分纳入研究的偏倚风险均较低;③Cobb角累计曲线下面积排序(概率越小干预效果越好)显示,Schroth运动联合马术治疗(5.5%) > Schroth运动联合骨盆旋转矫正(9.1%) > Schroth运动联合悬吊训练(19.3%);躯干旋转角度累计曲线下面积排序(概率越小干预效果越好)显示,Schroth运动联合马术治疗(8.1%) > Schroth运动联合悬吊训练(12.7%) > Schroth运动联合平衡训练(17.1%);治疗后生活质量改善累计曲线下面积排序(概率越大效果越好)显示,Lyon运动(99.2%) > Schroth运动联合悬吊训练(84.8%) > Schroth运动联合骨盆旋转矫正(82.4%)。
结论:根据累计曲线下面积排序以及网状Meta结果得出Schroth运动联合马术治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸在改善Cobb角度、降低躯干旋转角度方面均展现出最佳效用;Lyon运动对于改善生活质量效果更好。由于纳入研究数量有限,未来应引入更多统一治疗持续周期与随访时间的高质量文献,以评估疗效的持久性,进而提供更精准的临床指导。


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 青少年特发性脊柱侧凸, 非手术治疗, 网状Meta分析, Schroth运动, Lyon运动, 马术, 临床疗效, 系统综述

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is an increasing number of intervention modalities for the conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and a comprehensive assessment of the comparative efficacy between different non-surgical intervention modalities is lacking. The authors compared the effectiveness of different nonsurgical therapies to intervene in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by network meta-analysis, with the aim of providing clinicians with an evidence-based medical reference for the nonsurgical treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 
METHODS: Two researchers independently searched for randomized controlled trials on non-surgical interventions for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis published from January 2014 to August 2024 in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool in Review Manager 5.4 was applied to evaluate the quality of the literature. GRADEPro software was used for evidence assessment, and R Studio was used for pairwise analysis as well as network meta-analysis. The outcome indicators were ranked by surface under the cumulative ranking curve to compare the clinical efficacy of different non-surgical therapeutic interventions. 
RESULTS: (1) A total of 26 randomized controlled trials were included, with 1 212 patients who were randomly assigned to receive one of 19 different treatment options. (2) Risk of bias assessment showed that most of the included studies had a low risk of bias. (3) The order of probability of surface under the cumulative ranking curve in terms of cobb angle intervention (the smaller the probability, the better the intervention effect) showed that Schroth exercise and Hippotherapy training (5.5%) > Pelvic rotation correction and Schroth exercise (9.1%) > Schroth exercise and Sling exercise (19.3%). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve probability ranking in terms of angle of trunk rotation intervention (the smaller the probability, the better the intervention effect) showed Schroth exercise and Hippotherapy training (8.1%) > Schroth exercise and Sling exercise (12.7%) > Schroth exercise and Balance training (17.1%). The ranking of the probability of improvement in quality of life after treatment for surface under the cumulative ranking curve (the larger the probability, the better the effect) showed Lyon exercise (99.2%) > Schroth exercise and Sling exercise (84.8%) > Pelvic rotation correction and Schroth exercise (82.4%). 
CONCLUSION: Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and network meta-analysis results, Schroth exercise combined with Hippotherapy training showed the best efficacy in reducing cobb angle and angle of trunk rotation in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and Lyon exercise was more effective in improving quality of life. Due to the limited number of included studies, more high-quality literature should be introduced in the future to assess the durability of efficacy and provide more accurate clinical guidance.

Key words: adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, nonsurgical treatment, network meta-analysis, Schroth exercise, Lyon exercise, Hippotherapy, clinical efficacy, systematic review

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