中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (35): 7529-7536.doi: 10.12307/2025.956

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

多关节运动中小腿三头肌肌纤维和肌腱实时连续刚度仿真分析

李  晨,刘  晔,倪新迪,张宇昂   

  1. 北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京市  100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-14 接受日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2025-04-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘晔,博士,教授,北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京市 100084
  • 作者简介:李晨,男,1996年生,山西省吕梁市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事动作优化与控制研究。
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题 (2018PT004),项目负责人:刘晔

Simulation analysis of real-time continuous stiffness in muscle fibers and tendons of the triceps surae during multi-joint movement

Li Chen, Liu Ye, Ni Xindi, Zhang Yuang   

  1. School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Received:2024-10-14 Accepted:2024-12-03 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2025-04-30
  • Contact: Liu Ye, PhD, Professor, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • About author:Li Chen, Master, School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
  • Supported by:
     the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, No. 2018PT004 (to LY)

摘要:


文题释义:
刚度:指材料或结构在受力时抵抗弹性变形的能力,是材料或结构弹性变形难易程度的表征参数。材料的刚度通常用弹性模量来衡量,弹性模量=应力/应变。对人体活体组织来说,刚度往往因其生理状态而可变。
肌骨运动仿真:指基于生理学及生物力学模型,利用计算机运算重现人体力量和运动的技术。仿真模拟可以帮助人们了解人体的肌肉、关节和骨骼如何通过协同工作来移动和支撑身体,在所探求的指标实测成本过高、实测难度过大时具有极大优势。

背景:人体内骨骼肌内部肌纤维与肌腱的刚度受神经-肌肉系统调控而处于可变状态,而复杂多关节运动中肌纤维和肌腱的力学特性观测难度较高,肌纤维和肌腱的刚度实时变化规律尚不明确。
目的:以不同跑速及步态时相下小腿三头肌仿真数据为例,探究肌纤维刚度及肌腱的实时刚度变化规律。
方法:从Stanford大学网站获取5名长跑运动员不同跑速步态中小腿三头肌肌纤维激活、长度、速度参数及肌腱长度参数的OpenSim仿真结果,提取仿真所用Hill-Zajac骨骼肌模型中肌纤维及肌腱力-长度关系曲线的瞬时斜率,作为小腿三头肌肌纤维与肌腱的实时刚度,分析肌纤维与肌腱的刚度等指标在步态中的时序性变化。
结果与结论:肌纤维激活-长度-速度状态及肌腱应变的调节,使肌纤维与肌腱的刚度和受力呈相同变化趋势。相比较低跑速,较高跑速下的腓肠肌肌纤维刚度在步态支撑前期更高(P≤0.01),腓肠肌内侧头的肌腱刚度在支撑前期更高(P≤0.02),腓肠肌肌纤维及肌腱的刚度在支撑中期至摆动中期更低(P≤0.03),比目鱼肌肌纤维刚度在支撑期更高(P≤0.02)。各跑速下小腿三头肌肌纤维及肌腱的刚度均呈支撑期高于摆动前中期的趋势(P≤0.03),而腓肠肌在摆动后期的肌纤维刚度及肌腱刚度再度升高(P≤0.05)。结果显示跑速增加可提高支撑期的小腿三头肌肌纤维刚度及肌腱刚度,当跑速及步态时相变化时,腓肠肌与比目鱼肌具有不同的肌纤维及肌腱刚度变化规律,而腓肠肌可通过预激活现象在摆动后期提高肌纤维刚度及肌腱刚度。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4409-7057(李晨);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9265-317X( 刘晔)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: OpenSim, 肌纤维, 肌腱, 刚度, 仿真模拟, 工程化组织构建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The stiffness of muscle fibers and tendons within skeletal muscles is regulated by the neuromuscular system and remains variable. However, observing the mechanical properties of muscle fibers and tendons during complex multi-joint movements is challenging, and the real-time variation patterns of their stiffness are not yet clear.
OBJECTIVE: Taking the open-access simulation data of triceps surae at different running speeds and gait phases as an example, to explore the real-time stiffness change rules of muscle fiber stiffness and tendon stiffness.
METHODS: OpenSim simulation results of muscle fiber activation, length, velocity parameters, and tendon length parameters of the triceps surae in five long-distance runners at different running speeds were collected from the Website of Stanford University. The instantaneous slope of the force-length relationship curve of muscle fibers and tendons in the Hill-Zajac muscle model used in the simulation was extracted as the real-time stiffness of the triceps surae muscle fibers and tendons. The temporal changes of stiffness indicators of muscle fibers and tendons during gait were analyzed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The regulation of muscle fiber activation-length-velocity status and tendon strain resulted in the stiffness of muscle fibers and tendons changing in the same trend as the applied force. Compared with lower running speeds, the stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers was higher in the early support phase at higher running speeds (P ≤ 0.01), and the tendon stiffness of the medial head of the gastrocnemius was higher in the early support phase (P ≤ 0.02). The stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers and tendons was lower from the mid-support to the mid-swing phase (P ≤ 0.03), and the stiffness of the soleus muscle fibers was higher during the support phase (P ≤ 0.02). Under all running speeds, the stiffness of the triceps surae muscle fibers and tendons showed a trend of being higher during the support phase than during the pre-swing phase (P ≤ 0.03), and the stiffness of the gastrocnemius muscle fibers and tendons increased again in the late swing phase (P ≤ 0.05). These findings indicate that increasing running speed can increase the stiffness of triceps surae muscle fibers and tendons during the stance phase; when running speed and gait phase change, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles have different patterns of muscle fiber and tendon stiffness changes, whereas gastrocnemius can increase its muscle fiber stiffness and tendon stiffness in the late swing phase through pre-activation phenomenon.

Key words: OpenSim, muscle fiber, tendon, stiffness, simulation, engineered tissue construction

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