中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (36): 7804-7815.doi: 10.12307/2025.753

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

人羊膜间充质干细胞外泌体修复大鼠放射性颌下腺损伤

张  敏1,张霓霓1,黄桂林2,李壮壮1,王  雪1,王辉科1   

  1. 1遵义医科大学附属口腔医院颌面外科,贵州省遵义市  563003;2遵义医科大学第五附属(珠海)医院,广东省珠海市  519180
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17 接受日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2025-12-28 发布日期:2025-03-12
  • 通讯作者: 张霓霓,硕士,主任医师,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院颌面外科,贵州省遵义市 563003
  • 作者简介:张敏,男,1994年生,甘肃省兰州市人,汉族,2024年遵义医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事放射性唾液腺损伤修复方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础-ZK字[2024]339号),项目负责人: 张霓霓;遵义医科大学“未来临床名医”项目(20211017),项目负责人:张霓霓;贵州省临床重点建设项目(黔卫计办涵[2017] 24号),项目负责人:黄桂林

Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell exosomes repair radiation-induced submandibular gland damage in rats

Zhang Min1, Zhang Nini1, Huang Guilin2, Li Zhuangzhuang1, Wang Xue1, Wang Huike1   

  1. 1Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China; 2Fifth Affiliated (Zhuhai) Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai 519180, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-17 Accepted:2024-08-17 Online:2025-12-28 Published:2025-03-12
  • Contact: Zhang Nini, MS, Chief physician, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Min, MS, Physician, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project, No. ZK[2024]339 (to ZNN); "Future Clinical Famous Doctor" Project of Zunyi Medical University, No. 20211017 (to ZNN); Guizhou Provincial Clinical Key Construction Project, No. [2017]24 (to HGL)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是间充质干细胞中核内体通过“内吞-融合-外排”等一系列货物筛选机制所形成、释放的磷脂双分子结构的直径40-100 nm的膜封闭性小囊泡,外泌体通过介导多种生物学效应来调节靶细胞发育微环境,并参与和编码受体细胞的各种生理及病理过程。
放射性唾液腺损伤:放射治疗在头颈部恶性肿瘤中的序列治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。然而,超70%的头颈部鳞状细胞癌患者在接受头颈部放射治疗过程中发生唾液腺损伤,使患者易发生黏膜炎、龋齿、念珠菌病感染、吞咽困难及构音困难等严重的口腔并发症。

摘要
背景:头颈部肿瘤放射治疗极易引起口干症,严重影响患者的生活质量,近年来工程化干细胞及其旁分泌因子在唾液腺损伤修复中表现出治疗潜力,但目前尚无人羊膜间充质干细胞来源外泌体应用于放射性唾液腺损伤的相关实验研究。 
目的:初步探讨人羊膜间充质干细胞来源外泌体对放射性颌下腺损伤的修复作用。
方法:超滤法+超速离心法提取人羊膜间充质干细胞外泌体并鉴定。将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、放射损伤组、放射损伤+外泌体组,通过18 Gy辐射大鼠颌下腺组织构建放射性颌下腺损伤大鼠模型,放射建模后1 d通过颌下腺原位注射人羊膜间充质来源外泌体,于1,3,7,14 d取样,检测各组大鼠静息唾液流速;苏木精-伊红染色观察颌下腺组织结构;糖原染色观察颌下腺组织中糖原颗粒表达;Masson染色观察颌下腺组织纤维化;酶联免疫吸附法检测分泌唾液淀粉酶含量;免疫荧光染色观察颌下腺组织中水通道蛋白、紧密连接蛋白表达;实时荧光定量PCR检测颌下腺组织中水通道蛋白、唾液淀粉酶基因的相对表达量;原位末端标记法检测各组颌下腺组织中的细胞凋亡率。
结果与结论:放射造模后,与放射损伤组相比:①苏木精-伊红染色结果显示放射损伤+外泌体组颌下腺组织结构恢复,核仁增多,腺泡数目增多、腺泡萎缩改善;②糖原染色结果显示,放射损伤+外泌体组腺泡胞浆中阳性酶原颗粒数量、密度逐渐增多;③Masson染色结果显示,放射损伤+外泌体组间质及导管周围阳性胶原纤维数量、密度逐渐减少,纤维化程度缩小,胶原沉积减弱;④放射损伤+外泌体组唾液流速升高(P < 0.05);水通道蛋白5荧光强度增强(P < 0.05)且基因表达量显著增强(P < 0.01);紧密连接蛋白荧光4分布减弱,且荧光强度下降(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),唾液淀粉酶含量升高(P < 0.05)且基因表达量显著升高(P < 0.01),阳性凋亡细胞减少(P < 0.05,P < 0.01)。结果表明人羊膜间充质干细胞来源外泌体局部注射后短时期内可改善颌下腺组织病理形态、促进唾液流速及淀粉酶表达,并可能通过抑制腺泡凋亡对大鼠放射性颌下腺损伤起到功能修复的作用。

关键词: 人羊膜间充质干细胞外泌体, 大鼠, 颌下腺, 放射损伤修复, 口干症, 工程化干细胞

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy for head and neck tumors can easily cause xerostomia, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. In recent years, engineered stem cells and their paracrine factors have shown therapeutic potential in the repair of salivary gland injury. However, there is currently no experimental study on the application of amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome in radiation-induced salivary gland injury.
OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily explore the repair effect of exosome derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells on radiation-induced submandibular gland injury.
METHODS: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell exosomes were extracted and identified by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a radiation injury group, and a radiation injury+exosome group. An in vitro model of radiation-induced submandibular gland injury was constructed using the submandibular gland tissue of SD rats irradiated with 18 Gy of radiation. One day after radiation modeling, exosome derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells was injected into the submandibular gland in situ. Samples are taken at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days to detect the resting salivary flow rate. The structure of the submandibular gland tissue was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of glycogen particles in the submandibular gland tissue was observed by Periodic Acid-Schiff staining. Fibrosis in the submandibular gland tissue was observed by Masson staining. The secretion of salivary amylase was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of aquaporin and tight junction proteins in submandibular gland tissue was observed by immunofluorescence staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of aquaporins and salivary amylase mRNA in submandibular gland tissue. TUNEL assay was used to detect the apoptosis rate of submandibular gland tissues in each group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After radiomodeling, compared with the radiation injury group, (1) hematoxylin-eosin staining observed that the submandibular gland tissue structure in the radiation injury+exosome group was restored, the nucleoli increased, the number of acinus increased, and the acinar atrophy improved. (2) Glycogen staining observed that the number and density of positive zymogen granules in the acinar cytoplasm of the radiation injury+exosome group gradually increased. (3) Masson staining results observed that the number and density of positive collagen fibers in the interstitium and around the ducts in the radiation injury+exosome group gradually decreased, the degree of fibrosis decreased, and the collagen deposition decreased. (4) The salivary flow rate in the radiation injury+exosome group increased (P < 0.05). The fluorescence intensity of aquaporin-5 was enhanced (P < 0.05) and the gene expression was significantly enhanced (P < 0.01). The fluorescence distribution of tight junction protein 4 was weakened and the fluorescence intensity decreased (P < 0.05, 
P < 0.01). The content of salivary amylase increased (P < 0.05) and gene expression were significantly increased (P < 0.01). The number of positive apoptotic cells decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). It is indicated that local injection of exosome derived from human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells could improve the pathological morphology of submandibular gland tissue, promote saliva flow rate and amylase expression, and may play a functional repair role in radioactive submandibular gland injury by inhibiting acinar apoptosis.

Key words: human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell exosome, rat, submandibular gland, radiation injury repair, xerostomia, engineered stem cells

中图分类号: