中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (28): 6083-6093.doi: 10.12307/2025.467

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

诱导膜技术在临界尺寸骨缺损修复中的应用:优势与未来发展

李树源1,杨达文1,曾展鹏1,蔡群斌1,张景涛2,周琦石1   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市   510405;2广州中医药大学第一临床医学院,广东省广州市   510405
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-21 接受日期:2024-07-30 出版日期:2025-10-08 发布日期:2024-12-07
  • 通讯作者: 周琦石,博士,主任医师,广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东省广州市 510405
  • 作者简介:李树源,男,1991年生,山西省吕梁市人,汉族,2023年广州中医药大学毕业,博士,主要从事大段骨缺损的修复、中西医结合治疗股骨头坏死研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82274540),项目负责人:周琦石

Application of induced membrane technique for repairing critical-sized bone defects: advantages and future development

Li Shuyuan1, Yang Dawen1, Zeng Zhanpeng1, Cai Qunbin1, Zhang Jingtao2, Zhou Qishi1   

  1. 1First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 2First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-21 Accepted:2024-07-30 Online:2025-10-08 Published:2024-12-07
  • Contact: Zhou Qishi, MD, Chief physician, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Li Shuyuan, MD, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82274540 (to ZQS)

摘要:


文题释义:

临界尺寸骨缺损:是指缺损长度超过一定尺寸后,无法自行愈合的骨缺损。目前,“临界”的精确尺寸或体积尚缺乏共识。无论是人还是动物模型,影响骨缺损修复的因素有很多,如:是否存在骨周向性丢失、解剖位置(骨干/干骺端/关节)、软组织条件(包括骨膜损伤)、感染、年龄、损伤机制,以及是否存在慢性疾病和其他合并症等。总之,关于临界尺寸骨缺损的定义仍然需要进一步分类、细化和证实。
诱导膜技术:也称Masquelet技术,是一种重建临界尺寸骨缺损的新技术,由法国Masquelet在1986年首先发现并开始应用于临床。该技术主要包括2个步骤:第一期,彻底清除炎症所涉及的骨段,并在残留的骨缺损区域植入聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥占位器,来诱导生物膜的形成;第二期,一期术后6-8周,PMMA骨水泥的周围可见诱导膜形成,此时沿原术口切开诱导膜,去除PMMA骨水泥占位器,并将自体或异体骨植入诱导膜中,等待骨缺损愈合。


背景:诱导膜技术(Masquelet技术)是一种两阶段手术重建大段骨缺损的新技术,在临床中应用越来越广泛。然而,该技术修复骨缺损的机制尚不十分明确。

目的:就诱导膜技术的产生背景、修复机制和优势、诱导膜的特征、膜-植骨通讯、动物模型的选择、骨水泥的种类、形貌、所载抗生素对诱导膜的影响、固定方式的选择和骨组织工程材料方面进行综述,以期为未来临界尺寸骨缺损的治疗和诱导膜技术的改进提供新思路。
方法:检索 PubMed、Web of Science数据库和中国知网(CNKI)中1986-2024年出版的文献,共检索到890篇参考文献。按与诱导膜技术基础研究相关的入选标准进行人工筛选和分析,排除与主题相关性差和重复的文献,纳入研究的文献包括实验类研究原著、综述、荟萃分析等,最终纳入72篇文献进行归纳和分析。

结果与结论:①诱导膜技术修复骨缺损的机制尚不明确,但膜和植骨两者缺一不可;②诱导膜是一种富含多种骨形成相关细胞、生长因子和血管的分层较明显组织,其血管化和生长因子的分泌随时间而动态变化;③对于动物模型选择,从解剖结构、负重模式和骨重塑的相似度来讲,羊更为接近;从饲养成本和难度、造模周期来讲,大鼠更合适;④聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥不是唯一可以用做诱导生物膜的材料,可能有更加合适的材料可以诱导出更高质量的生物膜;骨水泥负载抗生素的剂量(主要是万古霉素)为每40 g的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯负载1-4 g抗生素;⑤对于动物(特别是大鼠)固定方式而言,钢板使用更为广泛,固定方式更加可靠,可重复性更高;⑥未来可能会有新的材料替代自体骨促进Masquelet技术的骨修复能力。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1405-0765 (李树源) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 诱导膜技术, 骨缺损, 动物模型, 骨水泥, 骨组织工程, 工程化骨

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The induced membrane technique (Masquelet technique) is a novel two-stage surgical approach for the reconstruction of large bone defects, gaining increasing popularity in clinical applications. However, the precise mechanism underlying its bone defect repair is still not fully understood. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the background, repair mechanism and advantages of the induced membrane technique, the characteristics of the induced membrane, membrane-bone graft communication, selection of animal models, types and morphology of bone cement, the effects of loaded antibiotics on the induced membrane, choice of fixation methods, and bone tissue engineering materials to provide new insights for the future treatment of critical-sized bone defects and the improvement of the induced membrane technique.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, covering publications from 1986 to 2024. A total of 890 references were retrieved. Manual screening and analysis were performed based on inclusion criteria related to the fundamental research of induced membrane technique, excluding those with poor relevance to the topic and duplicates. The included literature comprised original experimental studies, reviews, meta-analyses and other relevant publications. Finally, 72 articles were included for summary and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The mechanism underlying the bone defect repair using this technique remains unclear, but both the membrane and bone grafting are indispensable. (2) The induced membrane is a distinctively layered tissue rich in various bone-forming related cells, growth factors, and blood vessels, with its vascularization and secretion of growth factors dynamically changing over time. (3) In terms of animal model selection, sheep are more similar to humans in anatomical structure, weight-bearing patterns, and bone remodeling. However, rats are more suitable considering their lower feeding costs, easier handling, and shorter modeling period. (4) Polymethyl methacrylate is not the only material that can be used to induce a biomembrane, and there may be more suitable materials capable of inducing higher-quality biomembranes. The recommended dose of antibiotics (primarily vancomycin) is 1-4 g per 40 g polymethyl methacrylate. (5) For animal fixation, especially in rats, the use of steel plates is more widespread, providing a more reliable and reproducible fixation method. (6) In the future, there is potential for new materials to replace autogenous bone and enhance the bone repair capabilities of the Masquelet technique.

Key words: induced membrane technique, bone defect, animal model, bone cement, bone tissue engineering, engineered bone

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