中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (21): 4469-4476.doi: 10.12307/2025.806

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

足部位置和座椅高度对脑瘫儿童坐-站转移下肢运动学和动力学参数的影响

李文静1,高 晓2,李爱华3,倪 燕3,孙 威1,王疆娜1   

  1. 1山东体育学院,山东省济南市   250102;2临沂市康复医院,山东省临沂市   276023;3济南医院,山东省济南市   250013
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-27 接受日期:2024-06-17 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2024-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 王疆娜,硕士,副教授,山东体育学院,山东省济南市 250102
  • 作者简介:李文静,女,2000 年生,山东省沂南县人,汉族,山东体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动生物力学方面的研究。 高晓,女,山东省临沂市人,汉族。
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020QC091),项目负责人:王疆娜

Effect of foot position and chair height on lower limb kinematic and kinetic parameters during sit-to-stand tasks in children with cerebral palsy

Li Wenjing1, Gao Xiao2, Li Aihua3, Ni Yan3, Sun Wei1, Wang Jiangna1   

  1. 1Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China; 2Linyi Rehabilitation Hospital, Linyi 276023, Shandong Province, China; 3Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-27 Accepted:2024-06-17 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2024-12-05
  • Contact: Wang Jiangna, MS, Associate professor, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Li Wenjing, Master candidate, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, Shandong Province, China Gao Xiao, Linyi Rehabilitation Hospital, Linyi 276023, Shandong Province, China Li Wenjing and Gao Xiao contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, No. ZR2020QC091 (to WJN)

摘要:

文题释义

脑瘫:主要是指运动和身体姿势发育障碍,最主要表现在运动功能障碍方面,还常伴有言语、精神、感觉方面的异常。脑瘫的典型症状包括运动发育迟缓、主动运动减少、肌张力和姿势异常等。
坐-站转移动作:是指人体从稳定的坐位姿势转变为站立位姿势,身体质心从坐位向上转移到站立位的过渡性动作过程,是个体独立生活的重要运动功能基础。针对特殊人群,稳定有效的坐-站转移动作是影响步行效率、跌倒风险的重要因素。

摘要
背景:足位和座椅高度是影响“坐-站转移”的重要因素,但目前对“坐-站转移”动作的研究多侧重于健康人群和帕金森患者,痉挛型脑瘫儿童在不同座椅高度和足部位置下执行“坐-站转移”任务中的下肢运动学和动力学特征尚未可知。
目的:探究不同足部位置及座椅高度对脑瘫儿童执行“坐-站转移”任务过程中下肢运动学和动力学参数的影响。
方法:选择7名痉挛型脑瘫儿童作为研究对象,对其进行6个任务即3种座椅高度(高、中、低凳)×2种足位(前、后足位)的“坐-站转移”动作测试,采集脑瘫儿童在不同足位和座椅高度下“坐-站转移”时的运动学和动力学数据。
结果与结论:①时间特征结果表明,相较于低凳条件,脑瘫儿童在高凳条件下进行“坐-站转移”任务所需总时间显著减少(P=0.046);②动力学结果表明,抬离瞬间,双足后位条件下的膝关节屈曲力矩显著大于双足前位条件(P=0.049);相较于中凳条件,在高凳条件下膝关节屈曲力矩显著减小(P < 0.001);③结果提示抬高座椅高度和改变足位条件均对痉挛型脑瘫儿童的“坐-站转移”表现有影响,在高凳双足后位条件下儿童使用较小的运动补偿就可以完成坐站动作;同时高座椅可作为痉挛型脑瘫儿童增强“坐-站转移”表现的辅助工具,高凳双足后位条件更有助于脑瘫儿童“坐-站转移”动作的完成。

关键词: 痉挛型脑瘫, 足位, 座椅高度, 坐-站转移, 姿势控制

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot position and seat height are important factors affecting “Sit-to-Stand”, but most of the current research on “Sit-to-Stand” focuses on healthy people and Parkinson’s disease patients. The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the lower limbs of children with spastic cerebral palsy during the “Sit-to-Stand” task under different foot positions and seat heights are not known.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different foot positions and different seat height on lower limb kinematic and kinetic parameters during the “Sit-to-Stand” task in children with cerebral palsy.
METHODS: Seven children with spastic cerebral palsy were selected as the research subjects. All subjects received the “Sit-to-Stand” test of six tasks, namely three seat heights (high, medium, and low stools) × two foot positions (front and back foot positions). The kinematic and dynamic data of children with cerebral palsy were collected under different foot positions and seat heights.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The time characteristics results showed that the total time required for the children with cerebral palsy to perform the sit-to-stand transfer task was significantly smaller in the high stool condition compared to the low stool condition (P=0.046). (2) The kinetic results showed that at the moment of lifting, the knee flexion moment was significantly larger in the bipedal posterior condition than the bipedal anterior condition (P=0.049). The knee flexion moment was significantly smaller in the high stool condition compared to the medium stool condition (P < 0.001). (3) It is concluded that raising the seat height and changing the foot position had an effect on the sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The children were able to perform the sit-to-stand maneuver with less motor compensation in the high-stool bipedal-rear position condition. Meanwhile, the high chair can be used as an aid to enhance the performance of sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic cerebral palsy. The high stool bipedal hindfoot condition was the most effective in improving the sit-to-stand transfer in children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Key words: cerebral palsy, foot position, chair height, sit-to-stand, position control

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