中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (21): 4401-4406.doi: 10.12307/2025.153

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics •    下一篇

四种不同内固定方式治疗PauwelsⅢ型股骨颈骨折的有限元分析

鲁建鹏,陈  龙,乐佳迪,章建雄   

  1. 温州医科大学附属第二医院,浙江省温州市   325000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-04 接受日期:2024-03-09 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2024-12-04
  • 通讯作者: 陈龙,博士,主任医师,温州医科大学附属第二医院,浙江省温州市 325000
  • 作者简介:鲁建鹏,男,1996年生,浙江省绍兴市人,汉族,2024年温州医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事股骨颈骨折内固定选择方面的研究。

Finite element analysis of four different internal fixation methods for treatment of Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures

Lu Jianpeng, Chen Long, Le Jiadi, Zhang Jianxiong   

  1. Affiliated Second Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-04 Accepted:2024-03-09 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2024-12-04
  • Contact: Chen Long, MD, Chief physician, Affiliated Second Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • About author:Lu Jianpeng, Master, Physician, Affiliated Second Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China

摘要:

文题释义

Pauwels分型:用于评估股骨颈骨折的稳定性及严重程度,其根据髋臼前后位片上骨折线与水平线的夹角分为3型:Ⅰ型,Pauwels角< 30°,剪切力较小,骨折较为稳定;Ⅱ型,Pauwels角为30°-50°,剪切力较Ⅰ型大;Ⅲ型,Pauwels角> 50°,剪切力较大,骨折不稳定。
股骨颈固定系统:由防旋螺钉、主钉、锁定板及锁定螺钉4部分构成,具有防旋、防滑、抗剪切,实现骨折断端加压的作用。其中防旋螺钉主要提供旋转稳定性,锁定板提供主要成角稳定性。锁定的主钉和防旋螺钉具有滑动设计,可实现20 mm的滑动。

摘要
背景:Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折可能承受更多的剪切力与弯曲力,因此容易发生内固定失效、骨不连或股骨头坏死等并发症,目前关于选择理想的内固定装置还没有达成共识。
目的:通过有限元分析比较4种内固定方法治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折的生物力学特性。
方法:选取一名健康年轻志愿者的股骨CT数据导入Mimics软件,构建正常股骨的三维模型。根据70°骨折线模拟Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折,使用Geomagic和UG软件优化和构建4种骨折内固定模型:倒三角空心钉、股骨颈固定系统、股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(前)、股骨颈固定系
统+空心钉(后)。最后利用Ansys软件分析4种不同内固定模型中股骨近端骨折块的应力分布、峰值应力和峰值位移;观察内固定装置和股骨颈骨折上断面的位移分布和峰值位移。
结果与结论:①4组骨折近端碎片应力峰值集中在骨折线附近,峰值应力股骨颈固定系统组最大,倒三角空心钉组最小;②骨折碎片峰值位移均位于股骨头顶部,峰值位移倒三角空心钉组最大,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组最小;③内固定模型峰值位移均位于模型顶部,峰值位移倒三角空心钉组最大,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组最小;④断裂面的位移在断裂端的上部,峰值位移倒三角空心钉组最大,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组最小;⑤提示与其他3种内固定方式相比,股骨颈固定系统+空心钉(后)组表现出良好的生物力学稳定性;当Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折发生于年轻人时,从有限元分析的角度,使用其治疗Pauwels Ⅲ型股骨颈骨折可能是更有利的选择。



中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 股骨颈骨折, 股骨颈固定系统, 空心螺钉, Pauwels Ⅲ型骨折, 有限元分析, 生物力学

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures may be subjected to more shear and bending forces, and may be prone to complications such as internal fixation failure, bone nonunion, or femoral head necrosis. There is no consensus on the optimal selection of internal fixation devices.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical properties of four types of internal fixation methods for Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture by finite element analysis
METHODS: Femur CT data of a healthy young volunteer were imported into Mimics software to construct a three-dimensional model of normal femur. Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture was simulated based on 70° fracture line. Four types of fracture internal fixation models were optimized and constructed using Geomagic and UG software: conventional inverted triangle hollow screw, femoral neck fixation system, femoral neck fixation system plus anterior or posterior hollow screw treatment. Finally, Ansys software was used to analyze the stress distribution, peak stress, and peak displacement of proximal femur fracture block in four types of different internal fixation models. The displacement distribution and peak displacement of internal fixation device and femoral neck fracture were observed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The peak stress of proximal fracture fragments in the four groups was concentrated near the fracture line. The peak stress in the femoral neck fixation system group was the largest, and that in the conventional inverted triangle hollow screw group was the smallest. (2) The peak displacement of fracture fragments was located at the top of the femoral head. The peak displacement of the conventional inverted triangle hollow screw group was the largest, and that in the femoral neck fixation system + hollow screw (posterior) group was the smallest. (3) The peak displacement of the internal fixation model was located at the top of the model. The peak displacement was maximum in the conventional inverted triangle hollow screw group and minimum in the femoral neck fixation system + hollow screw (posterior) group. (4) The displacement of the fracture surface in the femoral neck fixation system + hollow screw (posterior) group was at the upper part of the fracture end. The peak displacement was the largest in the conventional inverted triangle hollow screw group and the smallest in the femoral neck fixation system + hollow screw (posterior) group. (5) It is indicated that compared with the other three internal fixation methods, femoral neck fixation system + hollow screw (posterior) group showed good biomechanical stability. When Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture occurs in a young person, from the point of view of finite element analysis, it may be a more favorable choice to treat the Pauwels type III femoral neck fracture.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: femoral neck fracture, femoral neck fixation system, hollow screw, Pauwels type III fracture, finite element analysis, biomechanics

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