中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 856-865.doi: 10.12307/2024.590

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

仿生再矿化治疗在牙釉质早期脱矿的作用及机制

蔺孝慧,杨梦源,李春年   

  1. 河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院(河北省口腔医学重点实验室/河北省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心),河北省石家庄市  05001
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-21 接受日期:2024-01-06 出版日期:2025-02-08 发布日期:2024-06-04
  • 通讯作者: 李春年,硕士,主任医师,河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院(河北省口腔医学重点实验室/河北省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心),河北省石家庄市 050017
  • 作者简介:蔺孝慧,女,1994年生,河北省邯郸市人,河北医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省医学科学重点科技研究计划(20220179),项目负责人:李春年

Role and mechanism of biomimetic remineralization therapy for early enamel demineralization

Lin Xiaohui, Yang Mengyuan, Li Chunnian   

  1. School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Oral Disease Clinical Medicinal Research Institution of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-21 Accepted:2024-01-06 Online:2025-02-08 Published:2024-06-04
  • Contact: Li Chunnian, Master, Chief physician, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Oral Disease Clinical Medicinal Research Institution of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Lin Xiaohui, Master candidate, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University & Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, The Oral Disease Clinical Medicinal Research Institution of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Science and Technology Research Program of Hebei Medical Science, No. 20220179 (to LCN)

摘要:

文题释义:

釉质脱矿:牙釉质是位于牙齿表面的坚硬组织,在因为口腔卫生不良、过度进食糖含量较高食品和饮料或正畸治疗等造成的酸性环境中,釉质表面可发生钙、磷等离子脱离,形成白垩色或部分缺损。釉质脱矿初期患者无明显痛感,如不及时处理,可引起进一步龋坏。
釉质仿生再矿化:根据仿生矿化机制,通过研究牙釉质形成生理机制,模仿牙釉质矿化的生理过程,使类釉质晶体形成并沉积于脱矿釉质晶体表面,使脱矿釉质再矿化,以达到阻止牙釉质进一步脱矿及预防龋病发生的目的。
背景:随着饮食改善和生活水平提高,酸性饮食和正畸治疗等成为导致牙釉质表面脱矿的主要原因。作为牙齿龋坏的第一步,牙釉质脱矿应被积极干预,机械磨除损伤较大且不符合微创医学理念,仿生再矿化是目前应对牙釉质脱矿的最佳方式。
目的:通过对牙釉质早期脱矿的仿生再矿化治疗机制、应用方式及研究进展进行综述,为进一步攻克仿生再矿化热点难题提供思路。
方法:以“Enamel demineralization,Biomimetic remineralization,amelogenin,Amorphous calcium phosphate”等作为英文关键词在PubMed数据库检索,以“釉质脱矿,仿生再矿化,釉原蛋白”等关键词在中国知网数据库进行检索,通过筛选最终共得到72篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:①目前针对釉质脱矿有药物治疗如含氟制剂等、激光治疗、树脂渗透、再矿化治疗等治疗方式,仿生再矿化是目前牙釉质早期脱矿最理想的修复方式。②狭义的釉质再矿化指早期釉质脱矿后内部的矿物质再沉积,广义的釉质再矿化包括釉质表面和内部两方面的矿化沉积。③临床仿生再矿化试剂多以釉原蛋白、非釉原蛋白、釉原蛋白肽、酪蛋白磷酸肽-不定形磷酸钙复合物等为主要成分。蛋白及肽类材料优势在于符合生理机制,可通过诱导定向生成高强度再矿化材料,劣势在于制作工艺相对复杂,成本较高;不定形磷酸钙复合物再矿化效果好,但需与其他材料结合使用以发挥作用;其他磷酸钙材料便于携带、有利美观,但易导致牙石形成。④未来研究应着重于以下几个方面:增加随机对照试验数据和临床结果,明确各个方式的适应证;发掘更多仿生再矿化方法,寻找合适替代材料;寻找合理的材料结合方式,以使其优缺点互补;加强临床应用便携性,以增加日常使用频率,使短期实验结论获得长期临床数据支持。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7569-2318(蔺孝慧);https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3395-013X(李春年)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 牙釉质, 釉质脱矿, 仿生再矿化, 釉原蛋白, 酪蛋白磷酸肽-不定形磷酸钙复合物, 氟化物, 羟基磷灰石, 自组装

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the improvement of diet and living standards, acidic diet and orthodontic treatment have become the main causes of enamel surface demineralization. As the first step of dental caries, enamel demineralization should be actively intervened. Mechanical grinding has great damage and does not conform to the concept of minimally invasive medicine. Biomimetic remineralization is the best way to deal with enamel demineralization at present. 

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanism, application and research progress of biomimetic remineralization of early enamel demineralization, and provide ideas for further overcoming the hot issues of biomimetic remineralization. 

METHODS: English keywords “enamel demineralization, biomimetic remineralization, amelogenin, amorphous calcium phosphate” were used to search PubMed. Chinese keywords “enamel demineralization, biomimetic remineralization, amelogenin” were used to search CNKI. Through screening, 72 articles were finally obtained for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At present, there are drug treatments for enamel demineralization, such as fluoride preparations, laser treatment, resin penetration, remineralization treatment and other treatment methods. Biomimetic remineralization is the most ideal repair method for early enamel demineralization. (2) In the narrow sense, enamel remineralization refers to the mineral re-deposition inside the enamel after early enamel demineralization. In the broad sense, enamel remineralization includes the mineralization deposition on the surface and inside of enamel. (3) Clinical biomimetic remineralization reagents are mainly composed of amelogenin, non amelogenin, amelogenin peptide, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex, etc. The advantages of protein and peptide materials are that they conform to the physiological mechanism and can generate high-strength remineralized materials by inducing orientation. The disadvantages are that the manufacturing process is relatively complex and the cost is high. The remineralization effect of amorphous calcium phosphate complex is good, but it needs to be combined with other materials to play a role. Other calcium phosphate materials are easy to carry and beautiful, but they are easy to cause the formation of dental calculus. (4) Future research should focus on the following aspects: increasing experimental data and clinical results, and clarifying the indications of various methods; explore more biomimetic remineralization methods and find suitable alternative materials; find a reasonable way to combine materials, so that their advantages and disadvantages complement each other. The portability of clinical application can be strengthened to increase the frequency of daily use, so that short-term experimental conclusions can be supported by long-term clinical data. 

Key words: enamel, enamel demineralization, biomimetic remineralization, amelogenin, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate complex, fluoride, hydroxyapatite, self assembly

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