中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (36): 5805-5810.doi: 10.12307/2024.670

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

随机森林非对称步态质量评价模型的敏感因子分析

姜美姣,张峻霞,邵洋洋,卢芳芳,尹国富,杨  芳   

  1. 天津科技大学,机械工程学院,天津市   300222
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-22 接受日期:2023-10-30 出版日期:2024-12-28 发布日期:2024-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 张峻霞,博士,教授,天津科技大学,机械工程学院,天津市 300222
  • 作者简介:姜美姣,女,1986年生,黑龙江省绥化市人,汉族,天津科技大学在读博士,主要从事非对称步态与运动辅具方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金委员会面上项目(50975204),项目负责人:张峻霞

Sensitivity factor analysis of asymmetric gait quality evaluation model based on random forest algorithm

Jiang Meijiao, Zhang Junxia, Shao Yangyang, Lu Fangfang, Yin Guofu, Yang Fang   

  1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
  • Received:2023-08-22 Accepted:2023-10-30 Online:2024-12-28 Published:2024-02-27
  • Contact: Zhang Junxia, MD, Professor, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
  • About author:Jiang Meijiao, Doctoral candidate, College of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Project), No. 50975204 (to ZJX)

摘要:


文题释义:

随机森林:是一种监督学习算法。随机森林是由多棵决策树组成的,这些决策树合并在一起,可以做出更准确的预测。使用随机森林进行分类时,每棵决策树都会给出一个分类或“投票”,森林会选择获得多数“选票”的分类。当使用随机森林进行回归时,森林会选择所有树木输出的平均值。组成较大随机森林模型的决策树之间的相关性很低。虽然单个决策树可能会产生错误,但大多数决策树都是正确的,从而使整体结果朝着正确的方向发展。
非对称步态:步态具有周期性和对称性的特点,由于健康人类行走时双侧肢体交替运动的对称性,健康人的步态参数也表现出对称性的特点。但是由于衰老、疾病意外伤害等因素导致人类行走模式的改变,使得步态对称性受到影响,不再符合双侧下肢运动学动力学等特征参数的对称性,称之为非对称步态。典型的非对称步态主要包括跨越障碍、单侧截肢、退行性病变等。


背景:非对称步态质量评价对康复训练有指导作用,但步态质量与步态运动学动力学参数关联尚不清楚。

目的:构建基于步态参数的机器学习步态质量评价模型,提取非对称步态参数的质量敏感因子,探讨步态参数与步态质量的关系,用于指导非对称步态相关的训练和康复。
方法:设置非对称因子,建立非对称步态模型数据库。开展步态试验采集8位青年和8位老年受试者(均为男性,右侧优势人群)的运动学、动力学数据,依据对称性指标对每组试验数据进行步态质量分析,建立步态参数-步态质量数据集;通过随机森林学习建立步态质量评价模型,使用因子重要性分析方法识别步态质量关键影响因子;使用关键因子更新步态质量评价模型。经10折交叉验证评估模型表现,使用交叉验证数据集来验证模型的评价效果。

结果与结论:①设计了非对称步态质量梯度试验,得到梯度步态质量数据库,其中759组最优步态质量数据,329组次优数据,133组中间质量数据,125组较差步态质量数据;②探讨了随机森林算法在步态质量评价方面的应用方法,建立了步态质量与步态参数的关系模型,随机森林步态质量模型预测精度为95.99%;③对随机森林模型进行特征重要性排序,得到影响非对称步态质量的13个主要参数;④对上述13个主要参数进行步态质量敏感因子分析,筛选出5个步态质量敏感因子,使用敏感性因子建立的随机森林模型预测精度为94.20%。

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5511-2087 (姜美姣) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 非对称步态, 步态质量, 步态参数, 随机森林, 特征重要性, 敏感因子, 步态质量评价

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of asymmetric gait quality plays a pivotal role in guiding rehabilitation training; however, the link between gait quality and kinematic-kinetic gait parameters remains ambiguous.
OBJECTIVE: To formulate a machine-learning model for evaluating gait quality based on gait parameters, identify factors sensitive to gait quality from asymmetric gait parameters, investigate the relationship between gait indicators and gait quality, and provide guidance for asymmetric gait training and rehabilitation.
METHODS: An asymmetric gait database was established through the creation of asymmetric conditions. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected from 8 young and 8 elderly subjects (all male, right dominant population) during gait tests. Gait quality for each test data set was assessed using symmetry indices, resulting in the creation of a gait parameter-gait quality dataset. Utilizing the Random Forest algorithm, a gait quality evaluation model was developed and key quality parameter factors were identified through differential analysis. This model was iteratively refined. The model’s performance was evaluated through 10-fold cross-validation, and its effectiveness was verified using the cross-validation dataset.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) A gradient test was designed to categorize gait quality into optimal, suboptimal, intermediate, and poor groups, with 759, 329, 133, and 125 instances, respectively. (2) The application of the Random Forest algorithm in gait quality assessment was explored. A relationship model was established between gait indicators and gait quality, yielding a predictive model accuracy of 95.99%. (3) The 13 main parameters significantly influencing asymmetric gait quality were identified through the Random Forest model’s feature importance ranking. (4) An analysis of gait quality sensitivity factors using the 13 important parameters led to the identification of five key sensitivity indexes. The Random Forest model utilizing these sensitivity factors achieved a predictive accuracy of 94.20%. 

Key words: asymmetric gait, gait quality, gait parameter, random forest, feature importance, sensitivity factor, gait quality evaluation

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